1、Language Learning Strategiesfor Successful Language Learning語言學(xué)習(xí)戰(zhàn)略與勝利的語言學(xué)習(xí)高雄第一科技大學(xué) Nov. 22, 2007藍(lán)蕾 東吳大學(xué) 副教授Rae Lan, Ph.D. TESOL/Second Language EducationDepartment of Curriculum & InstructionUniversity of Maryland, College Park: rae.twVocabphobia a Think-aloud PrtocolArachnophobia-spiderSocial Phobi

2、a-socializeAerophobia-flyingAgoraphobia-publicClaustrophobia-enclosed space Acrophobia-heightsEmetophobia-vomitCarcinophobia-cancerBrontophobia-thunderstorm Necrophobia-deanth A Fish Or A Fishing Rod?-Defining Language Learning StrategiesHow are LLSs categorized?Examples of Language Learning Strateg

3、iesWhy are LLSs important?Factors Affecting LLSs UseApplying LLS in various skillsConclusion What Are Language Learning Strategies?Definition- Learning strategies are behaviors or thoughts that the learner uses with some degree of control or awareness to enhance his or her learning. (Oxford, 2003)*

4、Specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective and more transferable to new situations (Oxford,1990, p.8)How Are Strategies Categorized?Oxfords Six Strategy Taxonomy (1990)Direct StrategiesIndirect StrategiesMemoryStrategiesC

5、ompensationStrategiesCognitive StrategiesAffectiveStrategiesSocialStrategiesMeta-cognitiveStrategies Examples of Strategies:Activating prior knowledge/experiencesAnalyzing expressions to uncover the meaningPlanning and organizingPositive self-talkUsing images to remember wordsCategorizing vocabulary

6、 for memorizationWhy Are LLSs Important?LLSs facilitate and enhance language learningLLSs are tools used by teachers to scaffold learningLLSs help to reach the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)LLSs make teaching more efficientLLSs change the roles played by teachersLLSs transform passive learn

7、ers to active learnersLLSs promote learner autonomyFactors Affecting LLSs UseLearning StylesGenderSelf-ratingPrior LearningProficiencyLearning ContextAttitudeLanguage LearningStrategies Memorizing A List of WordsIdentify what strategies you are already using and see how they work for youBrainstormin

8、g on a vocabulary task with other learnersExchange ideas and experienceExpand your strategy bankPracticeListeningDepending on the contexts or situationsDetermining your purposesMaking use of any resources availableGetting the whole picture v.s. listening for details (top-down v.s. bottom-up)Selectin

9、g materials that fit i +1Practicing makes perfect! Speaking Depending on the contexts or situationsUsing verbal / non-verbal communicationApplying compensation strategiesListening carefully (receiving input) for speaking appropriately (strategizing output)Consciously using new vocab./expressionsRead

10、ing Depending on the contexts or situationsApplying pre-, during- and after-reading strategiesUsing stickys, taking notes on the margins, underlying, Predicting, questioning, clarifying and summarizing greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/Reading/Reading%20Strategies/reading%20strategies%20index.ht

11、m WritingDepending on the contexts or situationsEmploying pre-, during-, and after-writingstrategies Process writing stages-PrewritingDraftingRereadingPeer-revisingRevising/englishworks/writing/main/prewrite.htmGiving Oral PresentationsSetting your goalsHighlighting your strengths and eluding your w

12、eaknesses (improving later)Avoiding reading from your paperApplying technologies (power point slides)Using attention-gettersOpening, closing, manners, CONFIDENCE! Its a learned skill, not a natural talent.Wrap-Up ActivityAudrey Keiko AzumaA short film directed byStanley Nakazono*What is an asianphil

13、e?*What are the two metaphors used*What is the story about?Q: What strategies did you apply to help yourself understand the film?Conclusions- Take initiatives in exploring learning strategies used for all discipline Identify your own strategies that work Expand your strategies Being metacognitively aware of your strategy use Use strategies that fit your learning style