1、Capacitive IsolationA Technical Overview 第1頁，共47頁。TemperatureThe RealWorldPressurePositionSpeedFlowHumiditySoundLightISOLATIONPLCmCDSPDIGITAL INTELLIGENCEADCTRANSCEIVERSRS-485/ CANSignal Isolation第2頁，共47頁。What is Isolation?Galvanic isolation: Although Circuit 1 and Circuit 2 exchange signals, no cur

2、rent (electrons) pass from Circuit 1 to Circuit 2.Why is isolation required in electrical systems: Break ground loops Reduce common mode noise Safety from high voltages Circuit 1Circuit 2SignalsVoltage supply 1Voltage supply 2Ground 1Ground 2第3頁，共47頁。Why Isolation?Ground Loops More than one conducti

3、ve path between two circuits creates a ground-loop Multiple ground paths may lead to unintended equalization currentsGround loop can be broken by Disconnecting the grounds Common-mode chokes Frequency selective grounding Differential amplifiers Galvanic isolatorsOnly galvanic isolation provides prot

4、ection for very large potential differences第4頁，共47頁。Why Isolation?Common Mode NoiseSignals referencedto GND1Signals referencedto GND2第5頁，共47頁。Basic/Functional Isolationvs. Reinforced Isolation“An improved basic insulation with such mechanical and electrical properties that, in itself, the insulation

5、 provides the same degree of protection against electrical shock as double insulation. It may consist of one or more layers of insulation material.” UL-60950-1第6頁，共47頁。Basic/Functional Isolationvs. Reinforced Isolation (contd)When is Reinforced required:6kVpp systems (e.g. 600V IGBTs/FETs)Today: all

6、 Medical applications (5kVrms!) Future: Medical applications for isolation from the patientNote: this is not complete and subject to change. Exceptions may apply!第7頁，共47頁。Applications utilizing IsolationPrimary Task:Isolation between High-Power and Control SignalsIsolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent Co

7、rruption of the complete Bus & Common Mode RejectionIndustrial: RoboticsPLC input/output isolationIndustrial networksMotor controlPower supplies第8頁，共47頁。Applications utilizing IsolationCommunications:PBX (Private Branch Exchange) and central officeTelephone terminal equipmentTelephone switching equi

8、pmentModemsISDNEthernet / PoEMedical:Microwave therapyPatient monitoringElectrocardiographsDefibrillatorsPrimary Task:Medical:Isolation between Power and PatientCommunications:Isolation between Power and CallerIsolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent Corruption of the complete Bus第9頁，共47頁。Consumer Electron

9、ics:Video (TV, VCR, etc.)Plasma displaysElectronic gamingHome appliancesApplications utilizing IsolationComputers & Office EquipmentIsolated I/OPrinters and plottersFax machinesPrimary Task:Isolation between High-Power and User第10頁，共47頁。Nomenclatures / Definitions (1/3)Operation Voltage:Voltage that

10、 may be applied continuously across the Isolation barrier, mostly 560Vpk or 890VpkTransient Voltage:Voltage that may occur temporarily across the barrier (tested per VDE for 1 minute), mostly 4kVpk (relates to 3kVrms per UL, as tested for 10s only) or 6kVpkSurge VoltageSingle event surge, with the a

11、ssumption that all effects have been recovered from prior to another surge-event, mostly rated for a 10kV single peak.第11頁，共47頁。Nomenclatures / Definitions (2/3)Basic / Functional Isolation:Assumes a single level of isolation with a certain strength. Applicable for most applications in industrial fo

12、r fieldbusses and AC-equipment up to 400Vrms, and for consumer electronics. Mostly rated at 560Vpk continuous, 4kVpk transient voltage.Reinforced / Double Isolation:Double Isolation assumes a two-level isolation with a certain strength each. Reinforced addresses a single level of isolation that, how

13、ever, provides the same reliability as the two-layer. Applicable for most medical applications and AC-equipment above 400Vrms. Mostly rated at 890Vpk continuous, 6kVpk transient , 10kV surge voltage. Medical needs 5kVrms transient.Intrinsically safe Applications demand double isolation.Note: the End

14、-equipment-standard (e.g. IEC-60950 for communications or IEC-60601-1 for medical) dictates what is needed on silicon level第12頁，共47頁。Nomenclatures / Definitions (3/3)Common Mode Transient Suppression:Discusses the quick change in Reference potential primary to secondary. Its given as the dU/dt up to

15、 which no false toggeling of the output will occur (e.g. 35kV/us). Usually scales linearly with Vcc.Creepage and ClearanceDiscusses the surface-distance that may conduct if wet/polluted, respectively the air-distance. For 560V/4kV mostly 4mm is sufficient, for 890V/6kV mostly 8mm is needed. Depends

16、on pollution degree第13頁，共47頁。5 Questions to allow educated solution-proposalsIsolation strength: basic/reinforced?Isolation voltage: 4kVpeak, 560Vpeak continuos / 6kVpeak, 890V peak continous?Stand-alone isolation or integration (Transceiver, Gate-Driver, Data-Converter)?Supply Voltages?Channel-coun

17、t?第14頁，共47頁。New Generation Capacitive IsolationHigh voltage capacitor 第15頁，共47頁。Isolator constructionTop plate = CuBottom Plate = Silicon Substrate (doped)Inter Level DielectricMold compoundBond wire Min 8mmHigh Voltage Capacitor ConstructionPackage/ designationCreepage mmClearance mmNarrow body SOI

18、C/ D4.84.3 Gull wing / DUB6.8 6.1Wide body SOIC/ DW8.1 8.3 Creepage distance: Shortest distance between two conductive input to output leads measured along surface of insulation.Clearance distance: Shortest distance between two conductive input to output leads measured through air (line of sight).No

19、te: Package-changed and now allows 8.3mm min !第16頁，共47頁。Actual Die-Picture第17頁，共47頁。Its all capacitiveAll isolated couplers can be modeled as I/O and capacitive coupled (active or parasitic)Capa-citiveISO72XInductiveADuM1xxxGMRIL7xxOpticalHCPL-07xxCIO1 pF1 pF1.1 pF0.6 pFe, materialSiO2=4.5 Polyimide

20、=2.8Polyimide=2.8Mold comp.e=3.6CapacitiveOpticalGMRInductiveSource: TI App note SLLA198 /iso721第18頁，共47頁。Timing parametersMed.Perf. OptoHighPerf. OptoMagneticCapacitiveSignaling RateMbpss50Mbps150Mbps200MbpsPropagation Delay Time100ns20ns32ns12nsPulse Width Distortion35ns2ns2ns1.5nsCh-Ch-skew40ns16

21、ns2ns1.6nsPart-Part-Skew40ns20ns10ns2ns第19頁，共47頁。Competitive ComparisonReliability (1/2)Med.Perf. OptoHighPerf. OptoMagneticCapacitiveESD on all PinsNo specNo spec / 2kVNo spec / 2kV4kVCM Transient Immunity5kV/us20kV/us25kV/us25kV/usTemperature-40.85oC-40.125oC-40.125oC-55.125oC第20頁，共47頁。Competitive

22、 ComparisonReliability (2/2)60% confidence90% confidenceTech-nologyAmbient Temp.MTTF yearsFITMTTF yearsFITCapa-citive125oC56392122555055oC4395200.31758080.7Magnetic125oC33583417466555oC2608250.441356060.84Optical125oC20572781439150oC290394115990Sample size / failures: ISO721: 45447 / 0; ADuM1201: 35

23、411 / 1; HCPL-0721: 160 / 0第21頁，共47頁。Competitive ComparisonMagnetic ImmunityIEC 61000-4-81KHz Field Frequency106 x higher Immunity than ADUM1100Source: TI App note SLLA181A /iso721(Click on above link for web info)第22頁，共47頁。E-field immunity Test Report第23頁，共47頁。THANK YOUSUCCESS2022/7/2024可編輯第24頁，共47

24、頁。E-field immunity Test ReportMagneticISO7221C第25頁，共47頁。1Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna HorizontalMagnetic: 1Mbps operation 5V VccISO7221: 1Mbps operation 5V VccEN55022 Class B Radiations Testing第26頁，共47頁。25Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum Antenna HorizontalMagnetic:

25、25Mbps operation 5V VccISO7221: 25Mbps operation 5V VccEN55022 Class B Radiations Testing第27頁，共47頁。Competitive Comparison High Voltage LifetimeSource: TI App note SLLA197 /iso721Life expectancy:ISO72x CompetitionISO72xADUM1100第28頁，共47頁。Competitive Comparison High Voltage LifetimeUsing widely accepte

26、d E-Model methodologyADUM1100ISO72xISO72x: Life expectancy is 28 years at 560Vpeak or 400VrmsCompetition: Life expectancy 30kh第29頁，共47頁。Icc Comparison第30頁，共47頁。Figure of Merritt:Bandwidth per Supply Current第31頁，共47頁。Competitive Comparison Power Up/DownISO721ADUM1100Power up behavior:Vcc2 power suppl

27、y is onInput state is L Ch 1 is Output: Transition from failsafe H to LCh2 is Vcc1 being turned on, typical turn on time is in milli sec.Power down behavior:Vcc2 power supply is onInput state is L Ch 1 is Output: Transition from L to failsafe HCh2 is Vcc1 being turned off, typical turn off time is i

28、n milli sec.第32頁，共47頁。TI Makes Isolators Easy to Use/iso721 Get Started TodayEvaluation modulesSamplesApplications supportIBIS modelsData sheetsTechnical documentationApplication notes on:High-Voltage LifetimeMagnetic Field ImmunityISO72x Family of Digital IsolatorsComplements TIs industrial product

29、 portfolio: interface, data converter, DSP, MCU, amplifier, power & logic第33頁，共47頁。Isolated Products Stand-AloneSinglesTriplesQuadsDualsISO7240A/C/MISO7241A/C/MISO7242A/C/MISO7230A/C/MISO7231A/C/MISO7220A/B/C/MISO7221A/B/C/MISO721/MISO722/MTriplesQuadsDualsISO7440MISO7441MISO7430MISO7431MISO7420MISO

30、7421MISO7640MISO7641MISO7630MISO7631MISO7620MISO7621M560Vpk (cont)4kV pk (transient)890Vpk+ (cont)6kV pk (transient)10kV (surge, tbc)Available todayLow-Power-versions, pin-compatible with ISO72xx560Vpk (cont); 4kV pk (transient)(Click on Product for more information)第34頁，共47頁。Isolated Products Integ

31、rated2nd order D-S Modulator (4kV)AMC120310MHzISO1176, ISO308x,ISO1x, ISO3xIsolated Transceivers RS-485(Click on Product for more information)2nd order D-S Modulator (6kV)AMC120420MHzIsolated RS-485Transceiverwith Integrated Transformer Driver ISO1177RTM: 1Q10Samples: 1Q10Isolated CAN Transceiver IS

32、O1050Preview第35頁，共47頁。Cross-Reference to ADISee ESP under “product family presentations” in the isolation product-folders:Continued (also in speaker notes)第36頁，共47頁。Single Channel Signal Isolators:ISO72x4000Vpeak Isolation560Vpeak continuousSignaling Rate Options (ISO721B: 5Mbps, ISO721: 100Mbps, IS

33、O721M: 150 Mbps)UL 1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Rev. 2), IEC 61010-1 and CSA Approved3.3V/5V Operation (any combination)25 kV/s Transient Immunity and High Electromagnetic ImmunityFailsafe Output and High Impedance at Input and Output with Low Vcc 第37頁，共47頁。Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Dua

34、lsx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; B = 5Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150Mbps第38頁，共47頁。Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Triplesxxx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsAll in DW packagexx第39頁，共47頁。Multi-Channel Stand-alone Isolators: Quad-channelx designates speed option: A =

35、1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsAll in DW packagexxx第40頁，共47頁。Isolated 485 TransceiversISO308x, ISO1x, ISO3x “Standard RS-485”3.3V and 5V half-duplex and full-duplex (176 and 180 configuration)1Mbpsand25Mbpsno IDODE outputISO1176 : Isolated RS/485 ProfiBus 5V half-duplex 25Mbps optimized for Profibus-

36、Applications ISODE available第41頁，共47頁。Isolated CAN Transceiver ISO1050 5V CAN transceiverISO11898 compliant 3.3V/5V isolated logic interface High EM Immunity15kV/us transient immunityBus fault protection of -27V to 40VDominant timeout functionThermal Shutdown protectionHigh Input impedance with low

37、Vcc 1Mbps第42頁，共47頁。ISO 485 with Transformer Driver Simple Complete Solution - ISO1177 / ISO37 / ISO3088 _1Mbps / 20Mbps /40Mbps1/8 Unit load 256 nodes on a busGlitch-Free Failsafe (Open, Shorted, Idle)Silicon Integrated SiO2 Insulator4kVpk / 2500Vrms Isolation, 560V working / operatingUL1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, rev. 2), IEC 61010-1 & CSA pendingEVM ISO1177EVM / ISO37EVM / ISO3088EVM ISO1177 ProfiBus - DecISO37 3V RS485 Q1ISO3087 5V RS485 Q13V-5V Vcc1DA2303/2304-AL (Coilcraft) 第43頁，共47頁。Low-Cost