1、Unit 10 signal conditioner 信號調(diào)理器electric motor 電動(dòng)機(jī)solenoid 螺線管 electromechanically 機(jī)電地a solid-state device 含半導(dǎo)體的固體設(shè)備actuate solenoid valve 啟動(dòng)電磁閥cylinder 氣缸sequential control system 順序控制系統(tǒng)rinse 漂洗stepper motor 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī) servomotor 伺服電動(dòng)機(jī) electric stove 電爐ceramic fiber 陶瓷on-off 開關(guān)式 proportional（throttling）

2、節(jié)流式to complicate matters 很復(fù)雜的是line specification 管線規(guī)格inlet pressure 入口壓力differential pressure 差壓flow characteristics of the valve 閥的流量特性linear，equal percentage，quick-opening 線性，等百分比，快開fail-safe mode故障安全模式 fail-closed /open valve氣關(guān)/開型 bellow seals波紋管密封vendor 賣方，廠家threeway /angle/gate/diaphragm/pinch/

3、rotary/ ball/ butterfly/ plug valve三通/角閥/閘閥/隔膜閥/夾管閥/旋鈕閥/球閥/蝶閥/柱塞閥flanged/threaded /welded connections法蘭連接/線接/焊接cast iron 鑄鐵cooling fins 散熱片packing 填料deformable 變形的chemically inert 化學(xué)惰性leakage 泄露hydraulic actuator 液動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)pneumatic actuator 氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)modulate 調(diào)制，調(diào)節(jié)vent 排放elastic 有彈性的Unit 11process modeling

4、 and system identification 過程建模和系統(tǒng)辨識mathematical model 數(shù)學(xué)模型input-output relationship 輸入輸出關(guān)系tremendous process 巨大的幾步heat transfer coefficient 熱傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)chemical reaction rate 化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率damping factor 阻尼系數(shù)optimal and adaptive control theories最優(yōu)化和自適應(yīng)控制理論time-varying parameter 時(shí)變參數(shù)communication channel probing 通

5、信信道探測system and fault testing 系統(tǒng)和故障檢測econometrics 計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)have long sought 一直尋求。endogenous variables 內(nèi)生變量exogenous variables 外生變量physiology 生理學(xué)a man-machine environment人機(jī)環(huán)境metabolism 新陳代謝ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)transportation 交通學(xué)sociology 社會(huì)學(xué)yield 給出，產(chǎn)出priori knowledge 先驗(yàn)知識the complete identification problem 完全辨識bl

6、ack box problem 黑箱問題partial identification problem 部分辨識grey box problem灰箱問題nonlinear 非線性 assumption 假設(shè)，想象associated coefficients 相關(guān)系數(shù)derive導(dǎo)出a statistical-estimation problem 數(shù)據(jù)估計(jì)問題specify and parameterize 指定并且參數(shù)化weighting function 權(quán)函數(shù)differential equation 差分方程 state variable equation 狀態(tài)方程parameter e

7、stimation methodology 參數(shù)估計(jì)法the methods of maximum likelihood 最大似然法least squares 最小二乘法 cross-correlation 互相關(guān)instrumenttal variable 輔助變量stochastic approximation 隨機(jī)近似error criterion 誤差準(zhǔn)則off-line/on-line identification 離/在線辨識recursively 迭代的，遞歸的data set數(shù)據(jù)集on-line real-time identification 在線實(shí)時(shí)辨識Unit12stat

8、e-space models 狀態(tài)空間模型input-output models 輸入輸出模型spectral density譜密度covariance functions 協(xié)方差函數(shù)drum boiler 氣鼓鍋爐under no circumstance 無論如何balance for force/moment /mass /energy /constructive equations 力/ 力矩/質(zhì)量/能量/構(gòu)成平衡方程physical interpretation 物理解釋parameter estimation參數(shù)估計(jì)iterative 重復(fù)的 反復(fù)的transient or fre

9、quency-response analysis 瞬時(shí)或者頻率響應(yīng)crude estimation 粗略估計(jì)sinusoids 正弦white-noise disturbance 白噪聲干擾postulate 假定probabilistic arguments 概率參量discrete-time system 離散系統(tǒng)generalized error 廣義誤差prediction error預(yù)測誤差asteroid Ceres谷神星座optimization problem 最優(yōu)化問題the principle of least squares 最小二乘基本原理the minimizatio

10、n problem of the sum of squares of the error 誤差平方和最小化問題stochastic process 隨機(jī)過程statistical parameter-estimation problem數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù)估計(jì)問題frequency-response analysis 頻率響應(yīng)分析transient-response analysis 瞬時(shí)響應(yīng)分析quadratic 二次型的the least-square method with extensions 擴(kuò)張最小二乘法convergence 收斂性 scrutinize 仔細(xì)檢查 核查probability

11、 density 概率密度Unit 13句子翻譯：According to Gauss the principle of least squares is that the unknown parameter of a model should be chosen in such a way that the sum of the squares of differences between the actually observed and computed values multiplied by numbers that measure the degree of precision i

12、s a minimum。根據(jù)高斯所說，最小二乘的基本原理就是一個(gè)模型的位置參數(shù)應(yīng)該按照實(shí)際觀測值和計(jì)算值誤差的平方和乘以表示精度的數(shù)后其值最小的方法來選擇。（或者，根據(jù)高斯所說，最小二乘的基本原理就是一個(gè)模型的位置參數(shù)應(yīng)該以這樣的方法來選擇，即使得實(shí)際觀測值和計(jì)算值誤差的平方和乘以表示精度的數(shù)后其值最小的方法來選）analytical solution 解析解loss function 損耗（損失）函數(shù)nonsingular 滿秩的nonnegative 非負(fù)的unbiased estimate 無偏估計(jì)residual 殘余 剩余one-step-ahead prediction error

13、 Newton-Raphson gradient second partial derivative Unit14model structure 模型結(jié)構(gòu)zero mean 零均值standard deviation 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差biased estimate 有偏估計(jì)step responses 階躍響應(yīng)second-order model 二階模型deterministic part 確定部分recursive estimation 收斂估計(jì)recursive equation 收斂方程phase plane 相平面estimate converge 估計(jì)收斂output variance 輸出

14、變異dashed line 虛線Unit16feedforward control 前饋控制 ratio control 比例控制 on-line 在線 reflux ratio 回流比 controller gain 控制器增益 liquid level 液位 measurement error 測量誤差 control valve 控制閥distillation column 蒸餾塔 error signal 偏差信號 set point 設(shè)定值 mathematical model 數(shù)學(xué)模型 retuning controller 自整定調(diào)節(jié)器 measurable disturbanc

15、e 可測擾動(dòng) time constant 時(shí)間常數(shù) time delays 時(shí)滯 transient state 瞬態(tài) steady state 穩(wěn)態(tài) load variable 負(fù)荷變化 load disturbance 負(fù)載擾動(dòng) physically realizable 物理可實(shí)現(xiàn)的 three-element level control 三沖量控制 flow rate 流量downstream processing unit 順流控制單元 process variable 過程變量individual variable 獨(dú)立變量 optimum value 最優(yōu)值off-the-she

16、lf 批量的pneumatic and electronic control system 氣動(dòng)和電動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng) ratio controller（RC）比率（值）控制器 ratio station（RS）比率（值）控制站 desired ratio 期望比率（值）orifice plate孔板differential-pressure transmitter 差壓變送器 wave fliter 濾波器Cascade control 串級控制 dynamic response 動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)secondary measurement point 副測量點(diǎn) secondary feedback cont

17、roller 副控制器 master/primary controller 主控制器 slave/secondy controller 從屬控制器 multiple feedback loop 多重反饋回路 stirred chemical reactor 攪拌反應(yīng)器 reactor jacket 反應(yīng)器夾套層reactant feed temperature or composition 反應(yīng)物進(jìn)料的溫度或組成heat removal rate 散熱率 dynamic lag 動(dòng)態(tài)滯后makeup rate 補(bǔ)給率 second measured variable 副變量 secondary

18、 control loop 副控制回路 primary control loop 主控制回路 natural draft furnace 自然通風(fēng)爐 temperature controller（TC）溫度控制器 sluggish response 遲鈍反應(yīng) respond rapidly 反應(yīng)迅速Unit15validate 驗(yàn)證a step up 正階躍a step down 負(fù)階躍detrendmean value 平均值default situation 默認(rèn)情況spectral analysis 光譜分析correlation analysis 相關(guān)分析transient respo

19、nse瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)fine tuning 微調(diào)discrepancy 不一致Unit 17advanced control 先進(jìn)控制problematic areastime-delay compensation 時(shí)滯補(bǔ)償velocity 速度frequency response 頻率響應(yīng)phase lag 相位滯后Smith predictor technique 史密斯預(yù)估器技術(shù)model-based controller 基于模型的控制器internal Model Control 內(nèi)部模型控制analytical predictor 分析預(yù)估器dead time 死區(qū)時(shí)間modeling

20、errors 模型誤差load disturbances 負(fù)載擾動(dòng)inner loop 內(nèi)環(huán)a first order plus time-delay 一階純延時(shí)inferential control 推理控制overhead product stream 塔頂流出物a binary mixture 二相混合物Gibbs phase 吉布斯相律mole fraction 摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)algorithm 算法instrumentation 儀表incentive 動(dòng)機(jī)Unit18Catalytic reaction systems 催化反應(yīng)heat exchanger fouling 換熱器結(jié)垢daily circle 日常周期self-tuning controller 自整定控制器gain scheduling 自調(diào)節(jié)openloop gain 開環(huán)增益once-through