1、一、倒裝句1 .全部倒裝在下面幾種情況下，需把全部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成全部倒裝：在 There be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / exist / remain 等表“存在”的句中。例如：Look, there s that bookshop I was telling you about.Long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞如here，there, now，then, up，down, in，away，out等置于句首時(shí)，為

2、使生 動(dòng)地描述情景而采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。此時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)為名詞且多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：There goes the phone. I 11 answer it.There comes the bus!Suddenly， in came a man with a mask on hisface.such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。例如：Such was Albert Einstein， a simple man andthe 20th century s greatest scientist.直接引語(yǔ)的全部或部分位于句首時(shí)。例如：“If you die, who will get your mone

3、y?” asked Holmes.以表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子。例如：In the center of the square stands a monument.On the back wall hangs a portrait.Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens.為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，或使上下文銜接緊密，而將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，引起倒裝。例如：Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreignoil

4、.Seated on the grass are a group of students.Lying about on the floor are books and magazines.部分倒裝：在下列幾種情況下，只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，rarely，seldom，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances， in no case等表示否定意義的單詞和短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。例如：Little does he care about what othe

5、rs think.Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday.在 notuntil，no soonerthan，scarcely / hardlywhen，not onlybut also，neithernor 等句式中。例如：Not until he told me did I know the truth.Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang.Not only do the workers w

6、ant a pay increase， theywant reduced hours as well.Neither does he drink nor smoke.當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。例如：Only then did I find I have made a mistake.在so / suchthat從句中，當(dāng)so+形容詞/副詞或such+名詞位于句首時(shí)。例如：So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.當(dāng)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用so/ as+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。表

7、示“也是”。 例如：Times have changed and so have I.Eve s very tall， as was her mother.當(dāng)neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用neither / nor+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ).表示“既不也不”。例如：They could n t understand it at the time，andnor could we.省略if的虛擬條件句，把助動(dòng)詞were，had，should提到主語(yǔ)前面時(shí)。例如：Had it not been for your help，we should

8、nthave achieved so much.as和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.Try as she might, Sue could n t get the dooropen.Strange though it may seem. I like housework.當(dāng)may放在句首，表達(dá)祝愿時(shí)。例如：May you succeed!祝你成功！二、注意事頊當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞而不是名詞時(shí)，以簡(jiǎn)短副詞開(kāi)頭的句子不倒裝。例如：Here you are.Away they went.當(dāng)only修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾

9、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不倒裝。例如：Only you are responsible for what you will become in the future.Only in this way can you learn English well.not修飾主語(yǔ)而不是修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子不倒裝。例如：Not one of the students knew the answer.當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)說(shuō)話人談?wù)摰氖峭蝗?、同一事時(shí)，常用so/ as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。不再采用主謂倒裝。 例如：I reminded you not to forget the appointment.So you did

10、.You forgot your purse when you went out.Good heavens. So I did.插入語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子中（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）常插入一些單詞，短語(yǔ)或者句子，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充某些含義。語(yǔ)法上稱他們?yōu)椤安迦胝Z(yǔ)”。（一）插入語(yǔ)的類型單詞（多是副詞），如： besides，however， otherwise，therefore，though 等。e.g. She is looking fit, though,他看起來(lái)倒是健康。I can, however, discuss this when I see you.短語(yǔ)e.g. China and India, for exa

11、mple, are neighbors.By the way, where are you from?句子e.g. He is an honest man, I believe.Jack, as far as I know, isn t clever.（二）插入語(yǔ)的位置通常插入語(yǔ)位于句中，并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。但有時(shí)，也可位于句首或句末。也有時(shí)，并不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。e.g. You know that I think you are wrong,我認(rèn)為，你明白你錯(cuò)了。What on earth do you mean?你究竟是什么意思？（三）插入語(yǔ)在句中的作用一般來(lái)說(shuō)，插入語(yǔ)在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入

12、語(yǔ)抽去，句子的含義不大受影響。但是，有的插入語(yǔ)卻是句子不可 缺少的一部分。e.g. He got the news from nobody knows where.他這消息誰(shuí)也不知道是從哪兒得來(lái)的。（四）插入語(yǔ)的特殊用法下面這種復(fù)雜的特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可認(rèn)為包含有“插入語(yǔ)”。這種疑問(wèn)句（有的語(yǔ)法書也稱為“混合疑問(wèn)句”或“連 鎖疑問(wèn)句”）常用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方對(duì)某一疑問(wèn)點(diǎn)的看法、判斷、認(rèn)識(shí)、猜度或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方重復(fù)一遍說(shuō)過(guò)的話?？谡Z(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻 率極高。常用動(dòng)詞有 say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。e.g. How long did you say she would stay here?When do you suppose they ll be back?How old did you think s