1、Contents HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 Executive Summary HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Mobile money in 2020 and beyond: embracing disruption and building resilience HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 11 HYPERLINK l _bookmark2 Steady adoption on all fronts HYPERLINK l _bookmark2 14 HYPERLINK l _bookma

2、rk3 Active accounts and “financial demarginalisation”17 HYPERLINK l _bookmark4 Transaction values continue to grow HYPERLINK l _bookmark4 20 HYPERLINK l _bookmark5 COVID-19 regulatory responses and policy interventions HYPERLINK l _bookmark5 24 HYPERLINK l _bookmark6 Maintaining liquidity in a crisi

3、s27 HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 Mobile money in 2020 and beyond: adapting and thriving in a new mobile money HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 landscape HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 31 HYPERLINK l _bookmark8 Merchant payments HYPERLINK l _bookmark8 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark9 Bulk payments HYPERLINK l _bookmark9 34 HYPERLI

4、NK l _bookmark10 International remittances HYPERLINK l _bookmark10 36 HYPERLINK l _bookmark11 Interoperability HYPERLINK l _bookmark11 38 HYPERLINK l _bookmark12 The effect of COVID-19 on mobile money economics HYPERLINK l _bookmark12 41 HYPERLINK l _bookmark13 How mobile money-enabled adjacent serv

5、ices can foster financial resilience HYPERLINK l _bookmark13 43 HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 Mobile money in 2020 and beyond: meeting the socio-economic challenges of HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 COVID-19 HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 Adapting to a new reality and redefining humanitarian

6、assistance HYPERLINK l _bookmark14 53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 Increasing access to essential utility services HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 56 HYPERLINK l _bookmark16 Expanding womens access to financial services HYPERLINK l _bookmark16 61 HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 Boosting financial inclusion for smallhold

7、er farmers through agricultural HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 enterprise tools HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 63 HYPERLINK l _bookmark18 Conclusion HYPERLINK l _bookmark18 67 HYPERLINK l _bookmark19 Appendix HYPERLINK l _bookmark19 683Executive SummaryIn a year of global upheaval, mobile money provided a financi

8、al lifeline2020 was a year like no other. In every region of the world, COVID-19 triggered a mix of responses, from school and workplace closures to restrictions on movement to complete lockdown. All at once, handling cash, paying for daily essentials and conducting business in person became risky,

9、andmore people than ever turned to mobile money as a safer option.For mobile money providers, the pandemic created a more complex operating environment. With consumer spending down and transaction feeswaived, providers found it difficult to reap the commercial benefits of higher mobile money usage a

10、nd a widespread shift from cash to digital. However, the industry proved resilient as providers did their utmost to keep economies going and provide an essential service to people in need.The State of the Industry report looks at what this year of upheaval has meant for mobile money providers, agent

11、 networks and the millions of new and existing customers that embraced mobile money in 2020 as a safe and secure financial lifeline.The report examines the major industry trends in 2020.More accounts, more activityIn 2020, the number of registered accounts grew by12.7 per cent globally to 1.21 billi

12、on accounts double the forecasted growth rate. Apart from changes in consumer behaviour, this impressive uptake wasdue to regulators implementing more flexible Know Your Customer (KYC) processes and relaxing on- boarding requirements to make it easier to open an account. The fastest growth was in re

13、gions where governments provided significant pandemic relief to citizens.Account activity grew at an even faster rate. There are now over 300 million monthly active mobile money accounts. Not only are customers using their accounts more frequently, but they are using them for new and more advanced u

14、se cases. This suggests that more and more people are moving awayfrom the margins of financial systems and leading increasingly digital lives.Transaction values also grew across the board as more money circulated and was cashed-in and cashed-out than ever before. For the first time, the global value

15、 of daily transactions exceeded $2 billion dollars, and is expected to surpass $3 billion a day by the end of 2022.Stronger partnerships are accelerating the shift to digitalTo minimise the human and financial toll of the pandemic and keep economies afloat, national governments distributed unprecede

16、nted monetary and fiscal support to individuals and businesses.The value of government-to-person (G2P) payments quadrupled during the pandemic as the mobile money industry worked hand in hand with governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to distribute social and humanitarian payments qu

17、ickly, securely and efficiently to those in need. As remote operations become more important, collaboration with lenders and insurance providers are also expected to increase.Agent networks are an essential service Agent networks have always been a core part of the mobile money industry, but during

18、thepandemic they proved critical. As demand rose fornon-physical payments, some regulators declared mobile money agents an essential service. Through the pandemic, mobile money providers invested in keeping agent networks open and safe by providing handwashing stations and personal protective equipm

19、ent (PPE) to agent outlets.4Executive SummaryInternational remittances scaled up significantly International remittances processed via mobile money increased by 65 per cent in 2020. For thefirst time, over $1 billion is being sent and receivedevery month. Despite fears that remittances would decline

20、 as people around the world suffered job losses and income cuts, it seems clear that diasporas around the world continued to use mobile money to come to the aid of those back home.Merchant payments have taken a leap forward As more consumers became uncomfortable handling cash, many turned to mobile

21、money topurchase food, clothing and other essential productsand services. This undoubtedly contributed to an uptick in merchant payments. The value of mobile money merchant payments grew by 43 per cent compared to 28 per cent in the previous year. On average, $2.3 billion in merchant payments were t

22、ransacted per month in 2020, and QR codes became the second-most offered channel for merchant payments after USSD.Interoperability is bringing more people into the formal economyOver the past five years, the value of transactions between mobile money platforms and banks grew fourfold, reaching $68 b

23、illion in 2020, up from just$15 billion in 2015. During this period, the amount of money flowing between the two systemshas remained in close balance, highlighting the complementary relationship between banks and mobile money services.The regulatory landscape is shiftingRegulatory responses to COVID

24、-19 differed significantly between countries. In markets where streamlining and digitising KYC processes had stalled, the pandemic has given fresh urgency to regulatory change. In many markets, transaction limits were increased to allow more funds to flow through mobile money, directly reducing the

25、need for day-to-day cash transactions. The report will also look at the impact of fee waivers on core revenues, which, if prolonged, could pose a severe threat to the sustainability of the industry.As always, the State of the Industry report is a snapshot of a year in the mobile money industry. In a

26、 year of unexpected and sweeping change, the challenges and strategies were different, but the focus remains the same: an inclusive digitalfuture for all.Executive Summary 5MOBILE MONEY IN 2020registered mobile money accounts$2bn1.2bnOverprocessed daily by the mobile money industrymonthly active acc

27、ounts17%300 millionincrease year-on-year5.2munique agent outlets globally310More than$1bninternational remittances processed per month65%increase year-on-year$500mmobile money deploymentsare live in 96 countriesdigitised per day by agents globally62020 GLOBAL OVERVIEWREGISTERED ACCOUNTSACTIVE 30-DAY

28、 ACCOUNTSTRANSACTION VOLUMETRANSACTION VALUE (US$)REGISTERED AGENTSACTIVE AGENTS1.2bn13%300m17%41bn767bn9.1m15%22%14%4.8m18%MONTHLY VALUE SNAPSHOTDecember 20201% Incoming international remittances12% Digital in6% Bulk disbursements 5% Bank-to-mobile transactions24% Cash-in 5% Bill payments$70bn 4% M

29、obile-to-bank payments19% Cash-outDec 20201% Airtime top-up33% Circulating1% P2P off-net payments1% Outgoing international remittances12% Digital out4% Merchant payments 29% Person-to-person transfers7EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA921m6%4m11%234m15%4.0bn13%MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA2956m9%3m35%146m-63%10

30、.5bn26%SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA157548m12%159m18%27.4bn15%490bn23%8LIVE SERVICESREGISTERED ACCOUNTSACTIVE ACCOUNTSTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION VOLUMEVALUE (US$)GLOBAL3101.2bn13%300m17%41.4bn15%767bn22%REGIONAL GROWTH IN 2020EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 49243m24%52m20%5.4bn26%111bn34%LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN3039m

31、38%16m67%701m35%19.8bn30%SOUTH ASIA36305m5%66m5%7.5bn8%131bn10%SOUTHERN AFRICA1411m24%3m28%284m43%3.0bn24%CENTRAL AFRICA1646m2%16m10%2.2bn30%35.7bn23%9LIVE SERVICESREGISTERED ACCOUNTSACTIVE ACCOUNTSTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION VOLUMEVALUE (US$)AFRICA171562m12%161m18%27.5bn15%495bn23%AFRICAN GROWTH IN 2020

32、WEST AFRICA70198m19%47m23%6.4bn29%178bn46%NORTH AFRICA1414m16%1m22%77m29%5.4bn37%EAST AFRICA57293m9%94m16%18.6bn10%273bn11%10Embracing disruption and building resilienceMobile money in 2020 and beyondEmbracing disruption and building resilienceThe start of the new decade saw the world grinding to a

33、halt. When the COVID-19 pandemic took hold and began spreading across the globe in early 2020, it quickly became much more than a health crisis. It alsocreated an unprecedented human, economic and social crisis that rocked societies to their core. The Great Lockdown of 2020 created the worst recessi

34、on since the Great Depression, pushing millions into poverty and precarity as businesses closed and jobs were lost.The magnitude and speed of the crisis undermined global financial stability and brought economiclife to a standstill, particularly in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) where the

35、 informal economy dominates. To contain the human and financial toll of the pandemic, national governments took bold steps, not only injecting financing into additional health and emergency services, but also distributing extraordinary levels of monetary and fiscal support.1The most vulnerable and h

36、ardest hit by COVID-19 were those living in circumstances that made social distancing impossible or in geographies where these supports were not available. Even those who could benefit from government and humanitarian support were likely to have more difficulty accessing it. Lack of account ownershi

37、p at a formal financial institution was the greatest barrier. In this context, universal access to financial services became more critical than ever.There is ample evidence of the benefits of digital financial services, including greater financial inclusion and stronger GDP growth.2 In LMICs, mobile

38、 money is far more accessible than any other type of digital financial service (including app-based platforms), particularly outside urban centres. With 310 live services in 96 countries, mobile money is now available in most markets where access to financial services is low (see Figure 1).Mobile mo

39、ney providers also have two noteworthy advantages over other digital financial services: excellent knowledge of local markets and strong partnerships and collaborations with fintechs, banks, governments and other key stakeholders. These capabilities and assets put them in a strong position to weathe

40、r the storm and build resilience into local economies and societies. As a result, in many markets, mobile money providers became an integral part of the national COVID-19 response and provided a critical path to delivering financial assistance quickly, safely and efficiently.$11.5 trillion in fiscal

41、 actions and about $7.5 trillion in monetary actions as of September 2020 in geographies where conditions and budget allowed. See: HYPERLINK /external/pubs/ft/ar/2020/eng/downloads/imf-annual-report-2020.pdf /external/pubs/ft/ar/2020/eng/downloads/imf-annual-report-2020.pdfSahay, R., et al. (2020).

42、HYPERLINK /en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2020/06/29/The-Promise-of-Fintech-Financial-Inclusion-in-the-Post-COVID-19-Era-48623 The Promise of FinTech: Financial Inclusion in the Post-COVID-19 Era. International Monetary Fund (IMF).Embracing disruption and building resilienc

43、e 11 Figure 1Number of mobile money services per country, 20203,4in 96 countries310 services1 service2 services3 servicesservicesor more servicesFrom the onset of the pandemic, mobile money providers acted urgently to moderate the damage to citizens, governments and businesses. While some were short

44、-term measures, many laid a foundation for future growth and a faster transition from cashto digital payments. This section highlights globalindustry trends during the pandemic, including regulatory and policy responses to COVID-19, as well as important regional variations. We unpack how the industr

45、y embraced the disruption and became more resilient, including scaling up mobile money adoption and use.GSMA Mobile Money Deployment Tracker: https:/ HYPERLINK /mobilemoneymetrics/ /mobilemoneymetrics/Note: the number of services available in a country should not be seen or used as a proxy for mobil

46、e money penetration of the population.Embracing disruption and building resilience 13Steady adoption on all frontsDespite the challenges and disruptions it caused, COVID-19 triggered a widespread shift in the adoption of digital tools. All at once, more people were using mobile services out of neces

47、sity. Restrictions on movement and the potential risks of handling cash led consumers to quickly turn to digital payments as a safer and more accessible option.In 2020, the number of registered mobile money accounts grew by 12.7 per cent globally, with over 136 million added in just one year. This g

48、rowth was twice as high as expected and exceeded last years forecast by 6.4 percentage points taking the total number of registered accounts globally to 1.21 billion. Apart from a change in consumer behaviour, this impressive uptake was also due to regulators implementing more flexible Know YourCust

49、omer (KYC) processes and relaxed on-boarding requirements.As predicted in last years State of the Industry report, registered accounts in Africa comfortably surpassed the half billion mark. Sub-Saharan Africa has been at the forefront of the mobile money industry for over a decade, and in 2020 conti

50、nued to account for the majority of growth (43 per cent of all new accounts) (see Figure 2). By the end of the year, there were 548 million registered accounts in the region, over 150 million of which were active on a monthly basis. Although absolute growth was highest in West and East Africa, South

51、ern Africa grew the fastest at 24 per cent year on year.Figure 234%Additions by region43%1%8%3%11%18%1%2%Additions by Sub-Saharan African region22%Net additions to registered accountsSub-Saharan AfricaLatin America and the CaribbeanSouth AsiaEurope and Central AsiaMiddle East and North AfricaEast As

52、ia and PacicEast AfricaSouthern AfricaCentral AfricaWest AfricaState of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2021East Asia and Pacific also experienced significant growth, contributing to 34 per cent of all new accounts, thanks to strong growth in Southeast Asia in particular. More than half of the s

53、ervices in the region now have over one million registered accounts. In South Asia, registered accounts grew by five per cent to surpass 300 million registeredmobile money accounts for the first time. This means that one in four registered mobile money accounts globally are now in South Asia.The Mid

54、dle East and North Africa saw the largest addition in registered accounts in absolute terms over the last five years. This is the result of both new and renewed efforts by industry players across the region.Finally, Latin America and the Caribbean had the fastest growth of any region for registered

55、(38 per cent) and active accounts (67 per cent). This was driven in part by significant government support in the wake of the pandemic, with millions of people receiving relief funds via mobile money.MOBILE MONEY HIGHLIGHTS IN 2020While 2020 saw unparalleled challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pan

56、demic, the mobile money industry witnessed strong efforts in striving towards cashless societies, entering strategic partnerships to expand the horizons of digital payments and developing new and robust interoperable payment systems.MARCHNATIONAL COMMITMENTGhana becomes the first African country to

57、launch a universal QR code enabling all Ghanaians to make instant merchant payments from their mobilemoney wallets, bank accounts or international cards.APRILSTRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPVodacom and Safaricom acquire the M-Pesa brand, its product development and support services from Vodafone, offering oppo

58、rtunities to expand M-Pesa into new African markets.JULYINCREASED INTEROPERABILITYGSMA launches the Mobile Money Interoperability Test Platform empowering both third-party service providers and digital financial service providers to test their software implementation in an end-to-end ecosystem.JULYI

59、NCREASED INTEROPERABILITYInteroperability platform, GIMACPAY, launches in CEMAC countries to facilitateinteroperable mobile money and banking payments for the CEMAC population.JULYPRODUCT EXPANSIONOrange and NSIA combine expertise to launch Orange Bank Africa and provide greater access to financial

60、services and increase financial inclusion in West Africa.AUGUSTINTERNATIONAL REMITTANCESAirtel Africa enters a strategic partnership with MoneyGram enabling Airtel Money customers to receive MoneyGram transfers directly into their mobile wallets from over 200 countries across the world.OCTOBERNATION