1、2014高考英語閱讀理解全程基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（18）及答案閱讀理解D （2013 四川，E）Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear

2、 at the moment when their hearts are contracting （收縮）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in it

3、s regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunt

4、eers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said,“The study showed that fearfulfaces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether wesee fear.”To fur

5、ther understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner （掃描儀）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeakto each other to change our feeling and reduce fearDr Garfinkel

6、 said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”文章大意：一項(xiàng)研究表明，人的心臟能夠?qū)θ烁兄謶值姆磻?yīng)產(chǎn)生影響。What i

7、s the finding of the study?Ones heart affects how he feels fear.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.Fear has something to do with ones health.Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由第一段可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟跳動(dòng)的周期與人感覺害怕的可能性 之間存在聯(lián)系。The study was carried out by analyzing.volunteers heartbeat

8、s when they saw terrible picturesthe time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansdifferent pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由第四段第一句話可知，本次研究是通過向20名志愿者展示令人恐懼的圖片來測(cè)驗(yàn)他們的反應(yīng)來

9、進(jìn)行的。Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism in Paragraph6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machine.D. Treatment.答案：B詞義猜測(cè)題，由第六段可以得知，心臟和大腦能夠“對(duì)話”來改變情感、減少 恐懼，所依賴的當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是身體中的某個(gè)系統(tǒng)。This study may contribute to.treating anxiety and stress betterexplaining the cycle of fear and anxietyfinding the key to

10、 the heartbrain communicationunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文章最后一段可知，本項(xiàng)研究對(duì)研發(fā)解決焦慮癥和由于壓力大 而產(chǎn)生的紊亂治療方法會(huì)有幫助。閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AZoos divide opinion : there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others

11、 believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species.To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about.Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day, over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict tha

12、t as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth s species will become extinct.Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger|because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300

13、giant pandas leftIin the wild.Zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. These breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. As Irene Shapiro from Zoo and Wildlife Support says, “the Puerto Rican Parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five an

14、d the Golden Lion Tamarin Monkey, which has almost ceased to exist twenty years ago, has been reintrodu ced back into the wild. ”Unfortunately, not everyone understands this important role zoos play. For example, Brian Featherstone from the Anti- Zoo Forum says, I can t believe we take animals from

15、the wild and put them in cages for the entertainment of the public! We should view them on film or TV in their natural environment.,However, this misses the point. A zoo does more than display animals to the public. It ensures their survival. Without zoos you would not be able to see many of these a

16、nimals on TV or anywhere else!What s the writer s attitude towards zoos?He shows no opinion either for or against them.He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.He believes they play an important environmental role.He expresses a desire that more of them be built.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。最后一段作者說，動(dòng)物園保證了動(dòng)物的

17、幸存，沒有動(dòng)物園你將不可能 在電視上或者其他任何地方看到許多動(dòng)物。由此可見，作者認(rèn)為動(dòng)物園扮演著一個(gè)重要的環(huán)境角色。故選CoThe underlined word “vanish in Paragraph 2 most probably meansA. remainB. disappearC. become rarer D. get killed【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。Ao保持，留下Bo消失C.變得更稀罕D.被殺下一句說，科學(xué)家預(yù)言早在 2050年四分之一的地球物種將會(huì)滅絕。因此，每一天都會(huì)有100多個(gè)動(dòng)物物種消失。故選BoAccording to the passage the wor

18、ldwill rise by 5% next yearC/ is 95% smaller than in the past【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段 Alarmingly,s tiger population .is relatively stableD. has fallen to 95%the population of tigers has already fallenby ninety-five percent.”說明讓人擔(dān)憂的是，老虎的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了95%即數(shù)量比過去少了 95%故選Co29 ? According to the passage some people do

19、 not agree with zoos because they A. are too expensive to runB. put animals in dangerC. do not provide enough foodD. keep animals locked up【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段 Brian Featherstone就認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該在電影或電視上看動(dòng)物在自然環(huán)境中的生活。所以，一些人不同意動(dòng)物園的做法是因?yàn)閯?dòng)物園把動(dòng)物都鎖了起來，使 其無法生活在自然界。30.According to the writer , the most important functio

20、n of the zoo is to.D. educate the publicA. make a lot of moneyB. entertain visitorsC. ensure animals survival【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段 However, this misses the point. A zoo does more thandisplay animals to the public. It ensures their survival.” 說明 Brian Featherstone沒有抓住要領(lǐng)，動(dòng)物園不僅把動(dòng)物展示給公眾。它確保了動(dòng)物的生存。故選Co閱讀理解

21、E（20 13 湖北，E）A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their futureactually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March inPsychology and Aging, examined health andwelfare

22、 surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents （受訪者）were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults （age 18

23、to 39） routinely overestimatedtheir future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults （age 40 to 64） more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfi

24、ed than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemedto suffer a lower ratio （ 比率）of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of dea

25、th within the following decadewrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at theUniversity of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about theirfuture may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourag

26、e positive evaluationsof the actual self andmay contribute to taking improved precautions （預(yù)防措施）the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researc

27、hers said that higherincome was related to a greater riskof disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.We found that

28、from earlyto late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimisticthe authors concluded.文章大意：本文主要講述了不同年齡段的人們對(duì)未來生活的態(tài)度，對(duì)生活的滿意度和幸 福指數(shù)。According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?A

29、 Optimistic adults.B Middleaged adults.C Adults in poor health.D Adults of lower income.答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知 B 正確。Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people.A to fully enjoy their prese

30、nt lifeB to estimate their contribution accuratelyC to take measures against potential risksD to value health more highly than wealth答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題， 根據(jù) Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預(yù)防措施 )the authors wrote 可知

31、 C正確。How do people of higher income see their future?A They will earn less money.B They will become pessimistic.C They will suffer mental illness.D They will have less time to enjoy life.答案： A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed g

32、ood health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知 A 正確。What is the clear conclusion of the study?A Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.B Good financial condition leads to good health.C Medical treatment determines health outcomes.D. Expectations of future life satisfaction

33、 decline with age.答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Wefound that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic 可知，他們對(duì)生活的滿意度隨著年齡的增長而變小。閱讀理解BToday, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world.Many peop

34、le ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it wasImade of wood, it wasn t very strong nor did it have pedals（腳踏板）.Riders movedit by pushing their feet against the ground.In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmil

35、lan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan s machine had iron -covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn t look much like the modem bicycle, though, beca

36、use its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan sbicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.In 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle ave

37、locipede but most peoplecalled it a “bone shaker“ because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the VELOCiPEDEwas a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.Ten years later, James S

38、tarley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, andlightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter

39、and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy , and ridden mostly for entertainment.It wasn t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene.Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today s cyclists. The safety

40、bicycle had equal -sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893, the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson bi

41、cycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.This passage was most likely written in order pare bicycles used for different purposes|describe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedpersuade readers to use bicycles for transportationtell r