1、我們畢業(yè)啦其實(shí)是答辯的標(biāo)題地方Taiyuan University of Technology軟件工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院. 軟件學(xué)院SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ESSENTIALS2022/8/62Chapter 1 Mobile ComputersChapter 2 Software ReengineeringChapter 3 Main Memory DatabaseChapter 4 Networking and SecurityChapter 5 Artificial IntelligenceChapter 6 Big DataChapter 7 Mobile

2、InternetChapter 8 Internet of Things 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2022/8/632022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1 DEFINITION OF INTERNET OF THINGS8.2 TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNET OF THINGS8.3 APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET OF THINGSTERMSCHAPTER 8 INTERNET OF THINGS2022/8/64COMPETENCIESAfter reading this chapter,

3、you should be able to: 1. Describe the Internet of Things(IoT) accurately. 2. Talk about the development of the Internet of Things from different perspectives. 3. Discuss some problems exiting today about Internet of Things. 4. Explain the definition of wireless sensor network(WSN), and describe the

4、 characteristics of wireless sensor network. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2022/8/65COMPETENCIESAfter reading this chapter, you should be able to: 5. Explain the definition of embedded system(ES), and describe the characteristics of embedded system. 6. Explain what RFID is, and describe the applicat

5、ions of RFID. 7. Discuss other technologies concerned in the Internet of Things. 8. List several types of intelligent home and describe their functions.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2022/8/662022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院 in this chapter, we will:present an overview of the Internet of Things: defini

6、tion, types, features and frameworkdescribe some popular technologies concerned in the Internet of Things: wireless sensor network(WSN), embedded system, RFID, etc.discuss the applications of Internet of Thingslist several types of intelligent home and introduce the functions2022/8/672022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).

7、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1 Definition of Internet of Things 8.1.1Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things 8.1.2Common Definition of Internet of Things 8.1.3Development of Internet of Things2022/8/688.1.1Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things Internet of Things The phrase “Internet of Things”(IoT) wa

8、s coined about 15years ago by the founders of the original MIT Auto-ID Center, with special mention to Kevin Ashton in 1999 and David L.Brock in 2001. Auto-ID The term “Auto-ID” refers to any broad class of identification technologies used in industry to automate, reduce errors, and increase efficie

9、ncy. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2022/8/69 identification technologies bar codes smart cards sensors voice recognition bio-metrics 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.1Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things 2022/8/6102022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.1Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things

10、 EPC (electronic product code) Executive Symposium took place in Chicago, in September 2003 the climax of the Auto-ID Center reputation occurred marked the official launch of the EPC Network deemed that RFID would become a key enabling technology for economic growth in the next fifty years EPC Netwo

11、rk an open technology infrastructure allowing computers to automatically identify man-made objects and track them as they flow from the plant to distribution center to store shelves2022/8/6112022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.1Origin of the Concept of Internet of Things The phrase “Internet of Things

12、” points out a vision of the machines of the future:In the nineteenth century: machines learned to doIn the twentieth century: machines learned to thinkIn the twenty-first century: machine learned to perceive-they actually sense and respond2022/8/6122022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.2Common Definiti

13、on of Internet of ThingsThe term Internet of Things appears to have been coined by a member of the RFID development community circa 2000, who referred to the possibility of discovering information about a tagged object by browsing an Internet address or database entry that corresponds to a particula

14、r RFID.Common definition: refers to the general idea of things, especially everyday objects, which are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the Internet-whether via RFID, wireless LAN, wide-area network, or other means.2022/8/6132022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.2C

15、ommon Definition of Internet of ThingsAnalysts commonly describe two distinct modes of communication in the Internet of Things:12022/8/6142022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.2Common Definition of Internet of Things2Machine-to-machine communication is a subset of thing-to-thing communication; but machi

16、ne-to-machine communication often exists within large-scale IT systems and so encompasses things that may not qualify as “everyday objects”.2022/8/6158.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院Today, there are roughly 1.5 billion internet-enabled PCs and over 1 billion

17、 Internet-enabled cell phones. The present “Internet of PCs” will move towards an “Internet of Things” in which 50 to 100 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2020.In the same year, the number of mobile machine sessions will be 30 times higher than that of mobile person sessions.If w

18、e consider not only machine-to-machine communication but communications among all kinds of objects, then the potential number of objects to be connected to the Internet will arise to 100,000 billion. 2022/8/6162022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things Research perspec

19、tivedevelop new technologies such as RFID and wireless sensor networksthe first Internet of Things conference: in Zurich in 2008leading researchers and practitioners together to facilitate sharing of applications, research results and knowledgethe second: in Tokyo at the end of 2010around the theme

20、“IoT for a Green Planet”, explored the technical requirements and business challenges8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things todays societal challenges with IoT technology:health monitoring systems to support the aging societydistributed awareness to help predict natural disasters and react more

21、 appropriately track and trace to help reduce traffic congestionproduct life time information to improve recyclabilitytransparency of transportation to reduce carbon footprintmore insights into various kinds of processes to improve optimization2022/8/6182022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院Another research

22、 perspective for the Internet of Things is given by Hewlett-Packard which has launched a ten-year mission, a Central Nervous System for the Earth, to embed up to a trillion pushpin-size sensors around the globe.In China, researches in the field of Internet of Things are regarded as essential to fost

23、er economic growth and catch up with the developed countries.Since 2006, several research institutes have been involved in a far-reaching project with strong support from Chinese government.8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things 2022/8/6192022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院Industry perspectivein 199

24、8the first industrial realization of the Internet of Things, in the sense of RFID tags embedded in objects, was actually the Presto networkin 2005Wak-Mart and the U.S. Department of Defence demanded that their major contractors and suppliers mark their shipments with RFID tags for inventory control.

25、8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things 2022/8/6202022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things Industry perspectivein 2008An open group of companies launched the IPO Alliance to promote the use of Internet protocol (IP) in networks of “smart objects”.The IPSO Allianc

26、e now boasts 53 member companies:2022/8/621太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things Industry perspectiveFurthermore, as the Internet is running out of addresses, in the last few years, it has been moving to a new protocol, IPv6. The new address space can support 128 (about 3

27、.4*1038) addresses, which means, to take a commonly used analogy, that it provides enough addresses for every grain of sand on every beach in the world!2022/8/622太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things Government perspectiveSeveral countries have recognized the importance o

28、f the Internet of Things for economic growth and sustainability in the future.the European Commissionlaunched public consultations and stimulated widely open discussions on RFID and the Internet of Things, especially on critical policy issues such as governance, privacy, and resilience/security2022/

29、8/623太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things Government perspective Chinacommissioned a series of studies that emphasized the strategic importance of Internet of Things for U.S. relative wealth and economic power the U.S.a number of significant public speeches were delivere

30、d about the Internet of Thingsa interesting equation: Internet+Internet of Things=Wisdom of the Earth2022/8/624太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.1.3 Development of the Internet of Things technologies of the Internet of Things: (according to SRI Consulting Business Intelligence)2022/8/625太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院

31、2022/8/6262022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院List several identification technologies which are used in industry to reduce errors and increase efficiency.Describe the common definition of the Internet of Things.3. Describe the two distinct modes of communication in the Internet of Things.4. Talk about th

32、e development of the Internet of Things from different perspectives.CONCEPTS2022/8/6272022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2 TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNET OF THINGS8.2.1 Wireless Sensor Network8.2.2 Embedded System8.2.3 RFID8.2.4 Other Technologies2022/8/6288.2.1 Wireless Sensor Network2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)

33、學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院1. Definition of wireless sensor network we will introduce the WSN from three aspects:2. Characteristics3. Standards and specifications2022/8/629太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental cond

34、itions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc, and to cooperatively pass teir data through the network to a main location. early application: battlefield surveillance-military applications today: industrial process monitoring and control machine health monitoring8.2.1 Wireless Sensor Networkindu

35、stry and consumer applications1. Definition of wireless sensor network2022/8/6302022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkThe WSN is built of “nodes”-from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one or several sensors.Each such sensor network nod

36、e has typically several parts:a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antennaa microcontrolleran electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensorsan energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting2022/8/6312022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.

37、2.1 Wireless Sensor Network About sensor node:Size: form a shoebox down to a grain of dust, although functioning “motes” of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be createdCost: from a few to hundreds of dollars, depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodesSmart sensor nodes are l

38、ow power devices equipped with one or more sensors, a processor, memory, a power supply, a radio, and an actuator.2022/8/6322022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkThe topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple star network to an advanced multi-hop wireless mesh network.Typical m

39、ulti-hop wireless sensor network architecture2022/8/6332022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkThe main characteristics of a WSN include:Power consumption constrains for nodes using batteries or energy harvesting Ability to cope with node failuresMobility of nodesCommunication fai

40、luresHeterogeneity of nodesScalability to large scale of deploymentAbility to withstand harsh environment conditionsEase of use2. Characteristics2022/8/634太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkA WSNs resource constraints include:a limited amount of energyshort communication rangelow ban

41、dwidthlimited processing and storage in each nodeA WSNs design constraints are:application dependentbased on the monitored environment2022/8/635太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor Network3. Standards and specificationsThere are a number of standardization bodies in the field of WSNs.The IEEE

42、 focuses on the physical and MAC layers;The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) works on three or more layers.Bodies such as International Society of Automation provide vertical solutions, covering all protocol layers.There are also several non-standard, proprietary mechanisms and specifications.

43、2022/8/636太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkPredominant standards commonly used in WSN communications include:(1) Wireless HART Wireless HART is a wireless sensor networking technology based on the highway addressable remote transducer protocol (HART). Developed as a multi-vendor, i

44、nteroperable wireless standard, Wireless HART was defined for the requirements of process field device networks.2022/8/637太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor NetworkIEEE 1451 IEEE 1451 is a set of smart transducer interface standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics E

45、ngineers (IEEE) and Instrumentation and Measurement Societys Sensor Technology Technical Committee describing a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and control/field networks.

46、2022/8/638太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1 Wireless Sensor Network(3) IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). ZigBee ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication pro

47、tocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for personal area networks. ZigBee devices are often used in mesh network form to transmit data over longer distances, passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.2022/8/639太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院8.2.1

48、 Wireless Sensor Network6LoWPAN 6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks. 6LoWPAN is the name of a working group in the Internet area of the IETF.2022/8/6408.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院1. Definition of embedded system we will introduce embedd

49、ed system from three aspects:2. History3. Characteristics2022/8/6418.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院Definition of embedded systemAn embedded system (ES) is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a complete device often including hardware and mechanical par

50、ts.Embedded systems contain processing cores that are either microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP). A processor is an important unit in the embedded system hardware. It is the heart of the embedded system.2022/8/6428.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院Embedded systems con

51、trol many devices in common use today. The key characteristics, however, is being dedicated to handle a particular task.Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, and la

52、rgely complex systems like hybrid vehicles, MRI, and avionics.Complexity varies from quite low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure. 2022/8/6438.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2.

53、HistoryOne of the first recognizable modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC), developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory.The display and keyboard (DSKY) interface of the Apollo Guidance Computer mounted on the control panel of the Command Module, w

54、ith the Flight Director Attitude Indicator (FDAI) above. Apollo computer DSKY user interface unit.2022/8/6448.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院An early mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer, for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961.Autonetics D-17

55、 guidance computer from a Minuteman I missile.When the Minuteman went to production in 1996, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that first used high-volume of integrated circuits.This program alone reduced prices on quad nand gate ICs from $1000/each to $3/each, permitting their use in commer

56、cial products.2022/8/6458.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院In the 1960sembedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionalityIn 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a “standard” for programmable microc

57、ontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers, such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based controllersBy the early 1980smemory, input and output system components had been integrated into the same chip as the processor forming a microcontroller 2022/8/6468.2.2 Embedded S

58、ystem2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院3. Characteristics (1) User interface Embedded systems range from no user interface at alldedicated only to one taskto complex graphical user interfaces.Simple embedded devices use buttons, LEDs, graphic or character LCDs with a simple menu system.More sophisticate

59、d devices use a graphical screen with touch sensing or screen-edge buttons to provide flexibility while minimizing space used: the meaning of the buttons can change with the screen. 2022/8/6478.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院2022/8/6488.2.2 Embedded System2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.

60、軟件學(xué)院Some systems provide user interface remotely with the help of a serial or network connection within several advantages:Extending the capabilities of embedded systemAvoiding the cost of a displaySimplifying BSPAllowing us to build a rich user interface on the PC2022/8/6498.2.2 Embedded System2022