1、-PAGE . z*科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文摘要 隨著中國的改革開放,作為世界認(rèn)識中國的媒介，對外宣傳材料的翻譯變得越來越重要。現(xiàn)階段對外宣傳材料的翻譯研究也呈多角度多層次開展。但是長期以來，對外宣傳材料的翻譯在傳統(tǒng)的翻譯研究觀念“忠實“對等的束縛下，著重于語言層面的轉(zhuǎn)換分析,是一種靜態(tài)的文本分析，幾乎完全無視了譯者的主觀能動作用。本論文將以關(guān)聯(lián)理論作為理論框架，從認(rèn)知角度外宣翻譯中譯者的主體性進(jìn)展研究，從把翻譯看作明示推理的過程在動態(tài)語境中找出各種信息之間的最正確關(guān)聯(lián)，對真實交際意圖做作出推理，從而能夠全面、科學(xué)的闡釋話語理解，然后從相關(guān)理論書籍、報刊雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源以及社會生活中的熱點(diǎn)進(jìn)展收集一

2、些常見的外宣翻譯舉例分析,到達(dá)外宣翻譯的目的。關(guān)鍵詞：譯者；主體性；外宣；翻譯ABSTRACTThe foreign publicity translation has been being more and moreimportantwith Chinas further integration with other members in the world. The research onforeign publicity translation in current stage enjoys a tendency to develop in a multi-angle and multi

3、-level way. However, in the long past few years,being limited within the “Loyalty and “Equivalence, the study onforeign publicity translation focuses on the analysis and transformation of languages fromlinguistic surface, which is a kind of static analysis. Moreover, the research onsubjectivity of t

4、ranslators has been often ignored, especially in foreign publicity translation.Under the framework of Relevance Theory, this thesis studies the subjectivity of the translator in foreign publicity translation from the cognitive perspective. As a cognitive theory, Relevancetheory stresses the importan

5、ce of “man. Translator always plays an indispensable role in prehending, interpreting, rendering the source te*t. The writer will collect various foreign publicity materials to find the Optimal Relevance among various information, infer and understand true municative intention, in a overall and scie

6、ntific way.Keywords：translator; subjectivity; foreign publicity; translation-. z*科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文Content TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142801. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc264614280 h 1HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142812. Foreign publicity translation PAGEREF _Toc264614281 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142822.1 The def

7、inition of foreign publicity translation PAGEREF _Toc264614282 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142832.2 The characteristics of foreign publicity translation PAGEREF _Toc264614283 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142843. The translators subjectivity PAGEREF _Toc264614284 h 4HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142853.1The definition of

8、 the subjectivity of the translator PAGEREF _Toc264614285 h 4HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142863.2 The Significance of Translators Subjectivity PAGEREF _Toc264614286 h 4HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142874. Relevance Theory PAGEREF _Toc264614287 h 6HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142884.1 A general introduction of Relevance Theor

9、y PAGEREF _Toc264614288 h 6HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142894.2 Principle of Relevance PAGEREF _Toc264614289 h 6HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142904.2.1 Cognitive Principle of Relevance Cognitive PAGEREF _Toc264614290 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142914.2.2 municative Principle of Relevance PAGEREF _Toc264614291 h 7HYPERLI

10、NK l _Toc2646142924.2.3 Optimal Relevance PAGEREF _Toc264614292 h 8HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142935. The subjectivity of the translator for foreign publicity translation under the framework of relevance theory PAGEREF _Toc264614293 h 9HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142945.1 The subjectivity of the translator in the

11、first ostensive-inferential munication. PAGEREF _Toc264614294 h 9HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142965.2 The subjectivity of the translator in the second ostensive-inferential munication PAGEREF _Toc264614296 h 10HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142976. The problems and strategies in foreign publicity translation from the

12、two ostensive-inferential munication processes PAGEREF _Toc264614297 h 11HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142986.1 Inaccurate prehension of the ST PAGEREF _Toc264614298 h 11HYPERLINK l _Toc2646142996.2 Translators inpetence in rendering of the TT PAGEREF _Toc264614299 h 12HYPERLINK l _Toc2646143006.3 Strategies

13、PAGEREF _Toc264614300 h 14HYPERLINK l _Toc2646143016.3.1 Reconstructing PAGEREF _Toc264614301 h 14HYPERLINK l _Toc264614302 The restructuring of titles PAGEREF _Toc264614302 h 14HYPERLINK l _Toc264614303 The restructuring of discourse patterns PAGEREF _Toc264614303 h 15HYPERLINK l _Toc2646143046.3.2

14、 Addition PAGEREF _Toc264614304 h 17HYPERLINK l _Toc264614305 The addition to cultural and historical background PAGEREF _Toc264614305 h 17HYPERLINK l _Toc264614306 The addition to political writing and economic phrases PAGEREF _Toc264614306 h 18HYPERLINK l _Toc2646143076.3.3 Omission PAGEREF _Toc26

15、4614307 h 19HYPERLINK l _Toc2646143087. Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc264614308 h 22HYPERLINK l _Toc264614309Acknowledgements PAGEREF _Toc264614309 h 23HYPERLINK l _Toc264614310References PAGEREF _Toc264614310 h 241. IntroductionWhile the world is getting smaller and smaller, the relationship between diffe

16、rent countries bees more and closer. China,in which people from different partsin this ever smallerglobalis working as an essential member, doing her best to create a friendly and harmonious contact with all other nations. Therefore, foreign publicityand its translation are of vital importance. With

17、 the efforts of the governments and variouskinds of other organizations, foreignpublicity translation enjoys a boomin recent years. Under the framework of Relevance Theory, this paper studies the subjectivity of the translator for foreign publicity translation from the cognitive perspective. As a co

18、gnitive theory, Relevance Theory stresses the importance of “man. Translator always plays an indispensable role in prehending, interpreting, and rendering the source te*t. Besides, under dynamic conte*t, this paper regards translation as two ostensive-inferential munication process, finding the Opti

19、mal Relevance among various information, infer and understand true municative intention, in an overall and scientific way.2. Foreign publicity translationForeign publicity translation means the foreign publicity translation being translated into another language by the translator. And these material

20、s cover various kind of fields, such as social, political, cultural aspect. As foreign publicity translation is meant for e*ternal output, it can be regarded as a “window to Chinas interaction with other members in the international munity. In order to present a good foreign publicity translation ve

21、rsion, the translator must keep in mind the characteristics of foreign publicity translation. The translation should be targeted to the foreign readers, showing the municative intention and the connection between publicity and politics, besides, ensuring it is positive.2.1 The definition of foreign

22、publicity translationAs the name implies, foreign publicity translation refers to the translation, bothas a product and as a process, of foreign publicity materials. Publicity, according to Websters New World College Dictionary, carries themeaning of “any information, promotional material, etc. whic

23、h brings a person, place,product or cause to the notice of the public and the definition e*tends into “the workor business of preparing and disseminating such material. Chinese foreign publicitycan be considered as the spread and promotion of information concerning Chineseissues through the means of

24、 mass media, such as books, newspapers, broadcasting,television, the Internet, and international conferences etc. to foreign countries11.With Chinas tremendous development and opening-up, almost everyfield needs foreign publicity, so foreign publicity translation is a bridge or a tool for Chinas mun

25、ication with the outside world.2.2 The characteristics of foreign publicity translationFirst, foreign publicity translation should betarget-reader oriented.Eugene A.Nida insisted thatthe reader of a translated te*t should be able toprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original r

26、eaders of the te*t can understand and appreciate it2118.The reader ofForeign publicity materials is “foreigners and overseas Chinese who dontknow China but are interested in China,and through reading the materials they can get as much as information. Thus readers can build apositive image of China a

27、nd are willing to e*change and interact with other members in theworld.Besides, some pre-treatments should be done to meet the needs of the foreignreaders, due to the differentcultural backgrounds,values and thinking patterns between English and Chinese. Second, foreign publicity translation enjoys

28、a municative nature.It is“an intentional municationcarried out by a source to change the attitudes of audience members322. The reader is not only captiveor passive receivers of the translation but also participator of this give-and-take process. This process is not a monologue of the translator, but

29、 adialogue between the municator and receiver.Third, there is a close relationship between e*ternal publicity and politics.On one hand,foreign publicity materials must be accord with the countrys politics;and on the otherhand,foreign publicity,when it functions in a good way, help e*ert a good and p

30、rofound influence on the image and status of one country. Fourth, publicity materials are always positive publicity translation. It is natural every country wants to set up a good and objective image rather than a poor or arrogant image in the whole world.3. The translators subjectivityThe translato

31、r is the subject of the translation. Under the prerequisite of respecting the original te*t, the translator has to meet the needs of target culture to realize the purpose of translation. He embodies his subjectivity in his self-conscious awareness, humane quality and aesthetic creativity when select

32、ing the te*t, the purpose of the culture and translation methods. The significance of the translators subjectivity is definite. Because it is important in understanding the nature , the process, criticism and disciplinary development of translation. 3.1The definition of the subjectivity of the trans

33、lator Subject,a philosophical term,is defined as the one that has the capacity to perceiveand practice352-53.Translators subjectivity refers that, as the subject of translation, in order to realize the goalof translation, the translator would take advantage of his subjective initiative with theprere

34、quisite of respecting the source version422. The main feature of translators subjectivityis the awareness of the cultural consciousness, human character, and cultural and aesthetic creativity422.Based on various materials collected, the translators subjectivity in this thesis refers to the subjectiv

35、ity application of the translator shown inthe translation process; it is featured by initiative, objectivity, as well as creativity capacity. Specifically, it consists of the translators cultural awareness, aesthetic assessment, and creativity ability, etc.That is to say, the subjectivity in transla

36、tion denotes thesubjectivity and inter-subjectivity of all subjects containing the translator,the author and the readers419-24.3.2 The Significance of Translators SubjectivityThe present research on the translators subjectivity prevailing intranslation studies is of great significance in several asp

37、ects. It plays anindispensable role in e*ploring the essence, process, criticism anddisciplinary construction of translation and is to be specifically analyzed as follows:Firstly, the status of the translators subjectivity is significant inunderstanding the essence of translation. The translators su

38、bjectivity has crucial meaning in the cognition of the essence of translation. The development of the translators subjectivity is related to the development of translation theory and practice.Translation can be seen as a kind of selective activity, in which the translator uses a language to e*press

39、the meaning of another language. It is obvious that the further study of thetranslators subjectivity will hasten the new cognition of the essence of translation.Secondly, the study of the translators subjectivity will help todeepen the new e*ploration of the whole translation process. We regard the

40、translator as the manipulator of translation and translation as a creative representation requiring the translators subjectivity. Yuan Li said that In fact, when we do not linger to interpret translations in the translated te*t as the shadows that are equivalent to the source te*t, but to regard the

41、 translated te*t as a self-efficient product as a result of series of shifts and amendments on the basis of the translators own aesthetic orientation and the historical conte*t, it es immediately that we are confronted with the issue of the translation subjectivity and the corresponding space to e*e

42、rt such subjectivity5402. So there es the key point oftranslation studies: the process of translation cant be e*plored withoutthe study of the relationship between the translator and other elements.Thirdly, the study of the translators subjectivity can provide newperspectives and development for tra

43、nslation criticism. The subject of translation criticism is not only theoriginal work and the readers, but also the translator and theenvironment he lives in as well as some other elements. There is plementary relationship between these subjects despite of the different function they posses. But tra

44、nslation criticismmakes the subjective factors of the translator outstanding, and the study of the translator in turn provides meaningful materials and new principles fortranslation criticism. Fourthly, the study of the translators subjectivity can providemethodological instruction for the developme

45、nt of translatology and otherdisciplines. Because we also study the translatorssubjectivity from the inter-subjectivityof all subjects in translation.Whenscience and social science are bined asone disciplinebased on practice, we can never treat translatology separated with otherdisciplines, but depe

46、ndent on the methodology used in social andnatural science.Relevance TheoryRelevance Theory points that human language munication involves the informative intention and municative intention and ostensive-inferential process. That is, the speaker e*presses to deliver the information , and the listene

47、r infers the intention of the speaker to reach an conclusion, The key to successful munication is find out the optimal relevance according to the cognitive and municative principles of Relevance.4.1 A general introduction of Relevance Theory Relevance Theory is presented by Sperber and Wilson and it

48、 is based oncognitive pragmatics. In humanmunication, people can understand the meaning of utterance mostly depending on relevance.Relevance, as a core notion in Relevance Theory, is defined by Sperberand Wilson like this: An assumption is relevant in a conte*t if and only if ithas some conte*tual e

49、ffects in that conte*t 6125.Among so many details of speech and behaviors, people tend to put their attention on the information that is ma*imal relevance and mostly worthy to take their time to handle.Between the readerscognitive environment and the municators cognitive environment, people can find

50、 more relevance with less processing effort and more conte*t effect. Later the influence ofRelevance Theory is beyond the field of pragmatics. Sperber and Wilsons studentGutt finished his dissertation Translation and Relevance which studies a new field oftranslation phenomena and shows how they can

51、be connectedunder the relevancetheoretic framework. Relevance Theory regards translation a dynamic ostensive-inferential interpretation of the primitive language.4.2 Principle of RelevanceWhen translating, the translator needs to try his best make close to the understanding about the intention of th

52、e original writer with his own language petence and inferential ability, that is, looking for the optimal relevance through the source te*t and the conte*t. Also, the translator must be aware of the cognitive environment he is in, and achieve the successful municative intention under the municative

53、principle. 4.2.1 Cognitive Principle of Relevance Principleis a reasonable e*planation of human cognition which is about basic human assumptionpsychology. Sperber&Wilsonrelevance, also the First Principle offormulate acognitive principle ofRelevance:Human cognition tends to be geared to the ma*imiza

54、tion of relevance658. Its known that the aim of the human cognitive system is to effectively correct and improve the cognitive environment of the individual. According to Sperber andWilson, the individual receive and analyze the information according to the total cognitive environments in which he i

55、s in, all the facts that are clear to him.That is the way his physical environments functions and he also uses his cognitive abilities to receive and infer in this process. Thus the cognitiveenvironment consists of not only all the facts that he is aware of, but also allthe facts that he is capable

56、of being aware of, in his physicalenvironments municative Principle of Relevance Translation is a munication activity.So does the foreign publicity translation under the framework of Relevance Theory.municative principle of Relevance is meant for the optimal relevance for which people seek i

57、n this munication process. Sperber and Wilson argues that a rational municator must intend thestimulus she uses to appear relevant enough to the addressee to attract his attention andmake him willing to spend the effort needed for prehension6260. In making the speech, themunicator is e*pected to gai

58、n a certain amount of relevance on the side of theaudience and the audience is willing to spare their processing effortsso as to interpretingmunicators informative and municative intentions. municators audiences are assumed by Sperber and Wilson as rational, and a rational audience willnot e*pectthe

59、res nomore relevance than the municator is willing and able to reach. Andpoint of e*pecting the municator to give information she doesnt posses orproduce a stimulus she is unable to e to mind at that time. So “a rational municatorintends her stimulus to appear as relevant as is patible with her abil

60、ities andpreferences 6 Optimal RelevanceOptimal relevance is a crucial concept in RT. The two general principles do adequately e*plain how ostension and inference works. It follows from the cognitive principles of relevance that human attention and processing resources are allocated to infor