1、詞匯與語法1詞匯的學習成片的記憶單詞的構詞法人的記憶方法1. 詞根詞綴的記憶技巧單詞的前綴部分影響單詞的意思單詞的后綴部分履行語法功能：詞性emu n.鴯鹋1）通過已知學未知humble origin 卑微的出生humid adj. 潮濕的 human adj. 人類的inhume v. 埋葬exhume v. 挖掘spiritinspire 鼓舞，激勵；賦予某人靈感expire 到期；死亡respire 呼吸perspire 出汗、流汗Genius is 1% of inspiration and 99% of perspiration.2) 了解一個詞的根本含義minutemainju:t

2、 adj.極小的; 極少的 There were minute differences between the two copies.這兩冊之間存在著微小的差別。miniskirt minidiskminimizeminorminorityministermini- 任何事物的最尖端3）拼寫錯誤convenient separateadventureconventioninventpreventeventually2. 相似詞的記憶1）型似詞記憶法pray 祈禱prey 捕食，捕獵 eat1-34 compliment n.稱贊,恭維I was embarrassed by their com

3、pliment.對他們的稱贊我感到很不安complementvt.相輔相成 This wine complements the food perfectly.用這種酒配這種菜肴最妙不過了。2-7 arise vi.出現(xiàn),發(fā)生An opportunity has arisen. 機會來了。rise vi.上升，升高 The sun rises in the east.raise vt. 升起，舉起；撫養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)Its difficult raising a family on a small e. 依靠微薄的收入是很難養(yǎng)家的。arouse v.叫醒,喚醒,激起,睡醒 It took her som

4、e time to arouse her husband.她費了好一會兒才把丈夫叫醒。從后往前看都一樣dump 垃圾堆jump 跳躍lump 青春痘；腫塊tump 水泵1-1. A. intensive adj.密集的,徹底的,精細的,強調(diào)的 Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. 現(xiàn)正全力以赴來解決這場糾紛。The accident victims are in/have been taken into intensive care. 事故受害者在特別護理中已送進特別護理病房。Ahead of us lay ten d

5、ays of intensive training. 我們當前有十天的強化訓練。C. extensive adj.廣泛的,廣闊的,廣大的,大量的 The device had undergone extensive testing. 這種裝置經(jīng)受過廣泛的試驗。He has an extensive vocabulary. 他詞匯很豐富。B. expansive adj. 易膨脹的, 易擴張的 He greeted us with an expansive gesture (eg he stretched his arms wide) and a wide smile. 他手舞足蹈笑逐顏開地迎接

6、我們。After hed had a few drinks, Charles became very expansive. 查爾斯喝了幾杯酒，話就滔滔不絕了。1-6. acquire vt.獲得,學到,取得 We should try to acquire good habit.我們應該努力養(yǎng)成良好的習慣。inquire vt.詢問,查究 We inquired the way of a boy. 我們向一個男孩問路。require v.要求,需要,命令,規(guī)定 The director required that we should work all night.主任要求我們通宵工作。2-36

7、. preserve v.保護,保存,保持 (主要指為防止損害、變質(zhì)等而保存。) It is highly important to preserve the environment.保護自然環(huán)境至關重要。reserve v. 保留,預訂 (正式用詞，指為了將來的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。)Please reserve a seat for me. 請為我預定一個座位。retain vt.保持,保留,記住,聘請 (指繼續(xù)保持 )His speech could not retain the interest of his audience.他的講話不能保持住聽眾的興趣。sustain vt.

8、支持,持續(xù)His hope for future sustained him.對未來的希望支持了他。從前向后看都一樣candy n.糖果candle n. 蠟燭canal n.運河canoe n .獨木舟cannon n.加農(nóng)炮 can n.罐子sneeze v. 打噴嚏snore v. 打呼嚕snoopy adj. 愛探聽的,愛窺探的,愛管閑事的 1-3. confidential 秘密的, 機密的 adj. The results of conference are still confidential.會議決議仍保密。consistent adj.始終如一的,持續(xù)的,一致的 She is

9、 a consistent girl in her feeling.在感情方面她是個始終如一的女孩。What youre saying now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你現(xiàn)在說的話與上星期你說的不相符。1-5. desperation n. 絕望In desperation he opened the third envelope.絕望之中，他打開了第三個信封。despair n.絕望,失望 A person is most disappointed when he is in despair.一個人在絕望時最失望。dep

10、ressionn.沮喪,蕭條 During the depression, millions of the unemployed wandered around in the streets. 經(jīng)濟蕭條時期，有好幾百萬的失業(yè)者在街頭游蕩。1-8. transform v. 指人或物在形狀、外觀、形式、性質(zhì)等方面發(fā)生的徹底變化，失去原狀成為全新的東西。We should try to transform heat into power.我們應該設法將熱轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。transfer v. 一般表示轉(zhuǎn)送、移交或遷移，尤指交通運輸中的換乘或職務的調(diào)動等 He was soon transferred

11、to another post. 他很快被調(diào)職。transmit vt.傳達,傳染,傳送,代代相傳The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. 世界杯決賽現(xiàn)在正向五十多個國家現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播。2-2 immaginative adj.富于想象力的 He is an imaginative writer. 他是個富有想象力的作家。immaginary adj. 想象的, 虛構的All the characters in this book are imaginary. 這本書中的人物都是虛構的。2-4 res

12、pectable adj.值得尊重的She is a respectable woman.她是個受人尊敬的女子。respectful adj.指對人表示尊敬或敬意。I hope you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你對父親有禮貌些。respective adj.分別的,各自的 He drove them both to their respective homes.他駕車把他們分別送到家里。2) 意近詞dramatically; radically; drastically;one hundred percent;entirely;

13、completely2-14 bare adj. 1.光禿禿的, 無遮蔽的 2.赤裸的 The boy likes to walk on the sand with bare feet.這男孩喜歡赤足在沙灘上走。Blank 1.空白的, 空著的 Suddenly my mind went blank.猛然間我的腦子里一片空白。2.茫然的, 無表情的 There was a blank look on his face.他臉上毫無表情。Hollow 1.空的 Bamboo is a sort of hollow plant.竹子是一種中空的植物。2.凹的 He has hollow cheeks

14、.他的雙頰凹陷。3.空洞的 He gave a hollow laugh.他發(fā)出低沉空洞的笑聲。Vacant 1.未被占用的, 空的 There were many vacant seats in the theatre.劇院里有許多空座位。2.(指職位)空缺的 Are there any vacant positions in your firm?你們公司有空缺嗎?3) 同類詞的記憶 p84）生活中的單詞lottosecuritycounter-strikecanon動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在am, is , are, do, doesam/is/are doinghave/h

15、as donehave/has been doing將來will/shall dowill/shall be doingwill/shall have donewill/shall have been doing過去was, were, did, v-edwas/were doinghad donehad been doing過去將來would/should dowould/should be doingwould/should have donewould/should have been doing但是常見的只有九種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、

16、過去完成時、過去將來時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時。常用的時態(tài)只有八種。1一般現(xiàn)在時1) 表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day等時間狀語。2) 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。3) 有時該時態(tài)可表示按計劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，句中都帶有時間狀語，但限于少數(shù)動詞如 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。例如：He goes to school every day.If you come this afternoon,

17、well have a meeting.2一般過去時1) 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復發(fā)生的動作。2) 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用“used to”和“would +動詞原形”。注意：used to表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。另外“be used to + 名詞或動名詞”表示“習慣于”。例如：He worked in a factory in 1986.I used to smoke when I was a college freshman. 3. 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)，其表達形式除了“will或 shall+動詞原形”外，還有以下

18、幾種形式。l) “be going to+動詞原形”，表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。例如：We are going to have a meeting today2) go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive 等詞可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作；有時用一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。例如：Im leaving for Beijing.3) “be to+動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如： The boy is to go to school tomorrow4) “be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：We

19、are about to leave4現(xiàn)在進行時1) 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，由“to be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構成，另外“系動詞+介詞或副詞”也表示進行時的意義。例如：What are you doing?The bridge is under construction2) 表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如 have, be, hear, see, like 等詞一般不用進行時。5. 過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一時刻、某一階段正進行的動作，由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構成。例如:He was reading a novel when I came in6.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時由“h

20、ave十過去分詞”構成。其使用有以下情況：1)現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成，而對現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時間狀語。2)現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去。常用 for 或 since 表示一段時間的狀語或 so far, now, today, this week/month/year 等表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語。例如:He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如 come, go, die, marry, buy 等的完成時不能與

21、 for，since 等表示一段時間的詞連用。7過去完成時l) 過去完成時由“had+過去分詞”構成。過去完成時的動詞表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等詞引導的時間狀語。例如：By the end of last year we had built five new houses.2) 過去完成時的動詞還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去。例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8. 過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去的某時間看來將要

22、發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由“should/would+動詞原形”構成。第一人稱用 should，其他人稱用 would。例如：They were sure that they would succeed.9. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時由“have(has)+ been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進行的動作。有些詞，如 work, study, live, teach 等用現(xiàn)在完成進行時與用現(xiàn)在完成時意思差不多。例如： I have worked here for three years I have been working here for three years.但多

23、數(shù)動詞在這兩種時態(tài)中表示不同意思。例如： I have written a letter. (已寫完) I have been writing a letter. (還在寫)注意：表示短暫動作的動詞，如 finish, marry, get up, come, go 等不能用這種時態(tài)。 動詞的語態(tài)當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時,謂語的形式用主動語態(tài)；當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞“be+過去分詞”構成，時態(tài)通過 be 表現(xiàn)出來。 時態(tài)謂語動詞的被動式例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are + done/v-edYou are required to do this.一

24、般過去時was/were + done /v-edThe story was told by her.一般將來時will/shall be + done/v-edThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are + being+ done/v-edThe road is being widened.過去進行時was/were + being +done/v-edThe new tool was being made.現(xiàn)在完成時has/have + been +done/v-edThe novel has been read.過去完成時h

25、ad + been + done/v-edHe said that the work had been finished.過去將來時would/should + be doneHe said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被動結構：1) 短語動詞的被動結構：用于這類被動結構的短語動詞要作為整體看待，即要把它們看作單字及物動詞。例如：The baby is looked after carefully.2)有些動詞形式上是主動結構，但表示被動的意思: 具有及物意義的不及物動詞的被動意義在主語是物的句子里，有些動詞的主動形式可以表示被動意

26、義。常用的這類動詞有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等。例如：The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。Your composition reads well. 你的作文讀起來很不錯。This pen writes smoothly. 這支鋼筆好用。 動名詞主動形式表示被動意義通常是物作 want, need, require 等動詞的主語時（也可以是人）表示事物（或人）客觀

27、上需要，用動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義。例如：The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打掃。這種用法的動名詞改用不定式一般式的被動形式后也可表同樣意義。例如：The classroom wants to be cleaned.05年到2010年時態(tài)與語態(tài)真題總結再現(xiàn)05年詞匯與結構單選題26、I dont remember the boiler during these years.A、being repairedB、having been repairedC、to be repairedD、to have been rep

28、aired【解析】選B. “我不記得這些年修過燒水壺”。remember having done sth表示：記得已經(jīng)做過的事情。修理水壺用repair the boiler,所以此處用完成時的被動態(tài)形式。06年詞匯與結構單選題22. The number of members in the club -to two hundred.A. were limitedB. limitsC. was limitedD. limited【解析】選C. the number of后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，且表示人數(shù)受到限制，須用被動態(tài)。07年詞匯與結構單選題21. Mary is one of the

29、brightest students who form New York University.A. graduatedB. have graduatedC. had graduatedD. has graduated【解析】選B. 本句前半句（“Mary is”）是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，由于一句話中要保持時態(tài)一致，定語從句中也應該是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。答案中B和D是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，同時考慮到主謂一致，即who的先行詞是students，因此選擇B。35. Do not disturb me. I letters all morning and have written six so far.A. writeB. am

30、writingC. was writingD. have been writing【解析】選D. 這里考察的是時態(tài)。And前后是并列句，后半句是have written six，是完成時態(tài)，前半句也可考慮是完成時態(tài)。同時句中有all morning強調(diào)一上午連續(xù)不斷地在做某事，因此，此處需要的是現(xiàn)在完成進行時。42. When a machine is , suitabe materials must be chosen for its parts.A. buildingB. buildC.to buildD. to be build【解析】選D. machine和動詞build的關系是被動的

31、，這里的被動態(tài)只有D 一項。55. The passagers out of the exit when we arrived at the airport.A. were just comingB. just cameC. are just comingD. just come【解析】選A。從句是過去時態(tài)，因此全句時態(tài)應統(tǒng)一為過去時態(tài)。本句意思是，我們到達機場的時候，旅客們正好正從出口出來。強調(diào)的是正在發(fā)生的動作come。因此這里應使用過去進行時。08年詞匯與結構單選題48. All the books can be used to your reading comprehension.A. trainingB. trainC. be trainedD. being trained【解析】選B?？梢杂盟械臅鴣碛柧?/p>