1、.：.；電路的根本概念及定律 電源 source 電壓源 voltage source 電流源 current source 理想電壓源 ideal voltage source 理想電流源 ideal current source 伏安特性 volt-ampere characteristic 電動勢 electromotive force 電壓 voltage 電流 current 電位 potential 電位差 potential difference 歐姆 Ohm 伏特 Volt 安培 Ampere 瓦特 Watt 焦耳 Joule 電路 circuit 電路元件 circuit e

2、lement 電阻 resistance 電阻器 resistor 電感 inductance 電感器 inductor 電容 capacitance 電容器 capacitor 電路模型 circuit model 參考方向 reference direction 參考電位 reference potential 歐姆定律 Ohms law 基爾霍夫定律 Kirchhoffs law 基爾霍夫電壓定律 Kirchhoffs voltage lawKVL 基爾霍夫電流定律 Kirchhoffs current lawKCL 結(jié)點 node 支路 branch 回路 loop 網(wǎng)孔 mesh 支

3、路電流法 branch current analysis 網(wǎng)孔電流法 mesh current analysis 結(jié)點電位法 node voltage analysis 電源變換 source transformations 疊加原理 superposition theorem 網(wǎng)絡 network 無源二端網(wǎng)絡 passive two-terminal network 有源二端網(wǎng)絡 active two-terminal network 戴維寧定理 Thevenins theorem 諾頓定理 Nortons theorem 開路斷路open circuit 短路 short circuit

4、 開路電壓 open-circuit voltage 短路電流 short-circuit current 交流電路 直流電路 direct current circuit (dc) 交流電路 alternating current circuit (ac) 正弦交流電路 sinusoidal a-c circuit 平均值 average value 有效值 effective value 均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms) 瞬時值 instantaneous value 電抗 reactance 感抗 inductive reactance 容抗 capaci

5、tive reactance 法拉 Farad 亨利 Henry 阻抗 impedance 復數(shù)阻抗 complex impedance 相位 phase 初相位 initial phase 相位差 phase difference 相位領先 phase lead 相位落后 phase lag 倒相，反相 phase inversion 頻率 frequency 角頻率 angular frequency 赫茲 Hertz 相量 phasor 相量圖 phasor diagram 有功功率 active power 無功功率 reactive power 視在功率 apparent power

6、 功率因數(shù) power factor 功率因數(shù)補償 power-factor compensation 串聯(lián)諧振 series resonance 并聯(lián)諧振 parallel resonance 諧振頻率 resonance frequency 頻率特性 frequency characteristic 幅頻特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic 相頻特性 phase-frequency response characteristic 截止頻率 cutoff frequency 質(zhì)量因數(shù) quality factor 通頻帶 pass-ban

7、d 帶寬 bandwidth (BW) 濾波器 filter 一階濾波器 first-order filter 二階濾波器 second-order filter 低通濾波器 low-pass filter 高通濾波器 high-pass filter 帶通濾波器 band-pass filter 帶阻濾波器 band-stop filter 轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù) transfer function 波特圖 Bode diagram 傅立葉級數(shù) Fourier series 三相電路 三相電路 three-phase circuit 三相電源 three-phase source 對稱三相電源 symme

8、trical three-phase source 對稱三相負載 symmetrical three-phase load 相電壓 phase voltage 相電流 phase current 線電壓 line voltage 線電流 line current 三相三線制 three-phase three-wire system 三相四線制 three-phase four-wire system 三相功率 three-phase power 星形銜接 star connection(Y-connection) 三角形銜接 triangular connection(D- connecti

9、on ,delta connection) 中線 neutral line 電路的暫態(tài)過程分析 暫態(tài) transient state 穩(wěn)態(tài) steady state 暫態(tài)過程，暫態(tài)呼應 transient response 換路定理 low of switch 一階電路 first-order circuit 三要素法 three-factor method 時間常數(shù) time constant 積分電路 integrating circuit 微分電路 differentiating circuit 磁路與變壓器 磁場magnetic field 磁通 flux 磁路 magnetic ci

10、rcuit 磁感應強度 flux density 磁通勢 magnetomotive force 磁阻 reluctance 電動機 直流電動機 dc motor 交流電動機 ac motor 異步電動機 asynchronous motor 同步電動機 synchronous motor 三相異步電動機 three-phase asynchronous motor 單相異步電動機 single-phase asynchronous motor 旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場 rotating magnetic field 定子 stator 轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor 轉(zhuǎn)差率 slip 起動電流 starting curr

11、ent 起動轉(zhuǎn)矩 starting torque 額定電壓 rated voltage 額定電流 rated current 額定功率 rated power 機械特性 mechanical characteristic 繼電器-接觸器控制 按鈕 button 熔斷器 fuse 開關 switch 行程開關 travel switch 繼電器 relay 接觸器 contactor 常開(動合)觸點 normally open contact 常閉(動斷)觸點 normally closed contact 時間繼電器 time relay 熱繼電器 thermal overload rela

12、y 中間繼電器 intermediate relay 可編程控制器PLC 可編程控制器 programmable logic controller 語句表 statement list 梯形圖 ladder diagram 半導體器件 本征半導體intrinsic semiconductor 摻雜半導體doped semiconductor P型半導體 P-type semiconductor N型半導體 N-type semiconductor 自在電子 free electron 空穴 hole 載流子 carriers PN結(jié) PN junction 分散 diffusion 漂移 dr

13、ift 二極管 diode 硅二極管 silicon diode 鍺二極管 germanium diode 陽極 anode 陰極 cathode 發(fā)光二極管 light-emitting diode (LED) 光電二極管 photodiode 穩(wěn)壓二極管 Zener diode 晶體管三極管 transistor PNP型晶體管 PNP transistor NPN型晶體管 NPN transistor 發(fā)射極 emitter 集電極 collector 基極 base 電流放大系數(shù) current amplification coefficient 場效應管 field-effect t

14、ransistor (FET) P溝道 p-channel N溝道 n-channel 結(jié)型場效應管 junction FETJFET 金屬氧化物半導體 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) 耗盡型MOS場效應管 depletion mode MOSFETD-MOSFET 加強型MOS場效應管 enhancement mode MOSFETE-MOSFET 源極 source 柵極 grid 漏極 drain 跨導 transconductance 夾斷電壓 pinch-off voltage 熱敏電阻 thermistor 開路 open 短路 shorted 根本

15、放大器 放大器 amplifier 正向偏置 forward bias 反向偏置 backward bias 靜態(tài)任務點 quiescent point (Q-point) 等效電路 equivalent circuit 電壓放大倍數(shù) voltage gain 總的電壓放大倍數(shù) overall voltage gain 飽和 saturation 截止 cut-off 放大區(qū) amplifier region 飽和區(qū) saturation region 截止區(qū) cut-off region 失真 distortion 飽和失真 saturation distortion 截止失真 cut-of

16、f distortion 零點漂移 zero drift 正反響 positive feedback 負反響 negative feedback 串聯(lián)負反響 series negative feedback 并聯(lián)負反響 parallel negative feedback 共射極放大器 common-emitter amplifier 射極跟隨器 emitter-follower 共源極放大器 common-source amplifier 共漏極放大器 common-drain amplifier 多級放大器 multistage amplifier 阻容耦合放大器 resistance-c

17、apacitance coupled amplifier 直接耦合放大器 direct- coupled amplifier 輸入電阻 input resistance 輸出電阻 output resistance 負載電阻 load resistance 動態(tài)電阻 dynamic resistance 負載電流 load current 旁路電容 bypass capacitor 耦合電容 coupled capacitor 直流通路 direct current path 交流通路 alternating current path 直流分量 direct current component

18、 交流分量 alternating current component 變阻器電位器rheostat 電阻器resistor 電阻值resistance 電容器capacitor 電容量capacitance 電感器，線圈inductor 電感量，感應系數(shù)inductance 正弦電壓 sinusoidal voltage 集成運算放大器及運用 差動放大器 differential amplifier 運算放大器 operational amplifier(op-amp) 失調(diào)電壓 offset voltage 失調(diào)電流 offset current 共模信號 common-mode sign

19、al 差模信號 different-mode signal 共模抑制比 common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) 積分電路 integratorcircuit 微分電路 differentiatorcircuit 有源濾波器 active filter 低通濾波器 low-pass filter 高通濾波器 high-pass filter 帶通濾波器 band-pass filter 帶阻濾波器 band-stop filter 波特沃斯濾波器 Butterworth filter 切比雪夫濾波器 Chebyshev filter 貝塞爾濾波器 Bessel fi

20、lter 截止頻率 cut-off frequency 上限截止頻率 upper cut-off frequency 下限截止頻率 lower cut-off frequency 中心頻率 center frequency 帶寬 Bandwidth 開環(huán)增益 open-loop gain 閉環(huán)增益 closed-loop gain 共模增益 common-mode gain 輸入阻抗 input impedance 電壓跟隨器 voltage-follower 電壓源 voltage source 電流源 current source 單位增益帶寬unity-gain bandwidth 頻率

21、呼應 frequency response 頻響特性曲線response characteristic 波特圖 the Bode plot 穩(wěn)定性stability 補償 compensation 比較器 comparator 遲滯比較器 hysteresis comparator 階躍輸入電壓step input voltage 儀表放大器 instrumentation amplifier 隔離放大器 isolation amplifier 對數(shù)放大器 log amplifier 反對數(shù)放大器antilog amplifier 反響通道 feedback path 反向漏電流 revers

22、e leakage current 相位phase 相移 phase shift 鎖相環(huán) phase-locked loop(PLL) 鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測器 PLL phase detector 和頻 sum frequency 差頻 difference frequency 波形發(fā)生電路 振蕩器 oscillator RC振蕩器 RC oscillator LC振蕩器 LC oscillator 正弦波振蕩器 sinusoidal oscillator 三角波發(fā)生器 triangular wave generator 方波發(fā)生器square wave generator 幅度 magnitude

23、 電平level 飽和輸出電平電壓 saturated output level 功率放大器 功率放大器 power amplifier 交越失真 cross-over distortion 甲類功率放大器 class A power amplifier 乙類推挽功率放大器class B push-pull power amplifier OTL功率放大器 output transformerless power amplifier OCL功率放大器 output capacitorless power amplifier 直流穩(wěn)壓電源 半波整流 full-wave rectifier 全波整

24、流 half-wave rectifier 電感濾波器 inductor filter 電容濾波器 capacitor filter 串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源 series (voltage) regulator 開關型穩(wěn)壓電源 switching (voltage) regulator 集成穩(wěn)壓器 IC (voltage) regulator 晶閘管及可控整流電路 晶閘管 thyristor 單結(jié)晶體管 unijunction transistorUJT 可控整流 controlled rectifier 可控硅 silicon-controlled rectifier 峰點 peak point 谷

25、點 valley point 控制角 controlling angle 導通角 turn-on angle 門電路與邏輯代數(shù) 二進制 binary 二進制數(shù) binary number 十進制 decimal 十六進制 hexadecimal 二-十進制 binary coded decimal BCD 門電路 gate 三態(tài)門tri-state gate 與門 AND gate 或門 OR gate 非門 NOT gate 與非門 NAND gate 或非門 NOR gate 異或門 exclusive-OR gate 反相器 inverter 布爾代數(shù) Boolean algebra 真

26、值表 truth table 卡諾圖 the Karnaugh map 邏輯函數(shù) logic function 邏輯表達式 logic expression 組合邏輯電路 組合邏輯電路 combination logic circuit 譯碼器 decoder 編碼器 coder 比較器 comparator 半加器 half-adder 全加器 full-adder 七段顯示器 seven-segment display 時序邏輯電路 時序邏輯電路 sequential logic circuit R-S 觸發(fā)器 R-S flip-flop D觸發(fā)器 D flip-flop J-K觸發(fā)器 J

27、-K flip-flop 主從型觸發(fā)器 master-slave flip-flop 置位 set 復位 reset 直接置位端direct-set terminal 直接復位端direct-reset terminal 存放器 register 移位存放器 shift register 雙向移位存放器bidirectional shift register 計數(shù)器 counter 同步計數(shù)器 synchronous counter 異步計數(shù)器asynchronous counter 加法計數(shù)器 adding counter 減法計數(shù)器 subtracting counter 定時器 time

28、r 去除清0clear 載入 load 時鐘脈沖 clock pulse 觸發(fā)脈沖 trigger pulse 上升沿 positive edge 下降沿 negative edge 時序圖 timing diagram 波形圖 waveform 脈沖波形的產(chǎn)生與整形 單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器 monostable flip-flop 雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器 bistable flip-flop 無穩(wěn)態(tài)振蕩器 astable oscillator 晶體 crystal 555定時器 555 timer 模擬信號與數(shù)字信號的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 模擬信號 analog signal 數(shù)字信號 digital signal AD轉(zhuǎn)

29、換器analog -digital converter (ADC) DA轉(zhuǎn)換器 digital-analog converter (DAC) 半導體存儲器 只讀存儲器 read-only memoryROM 隨機存取存儲器 random-access memoryRAM 可編程ROM programmable ROMPROM常見英文縮寫解釋按字母順序陳列：ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit. 公用IC CPLD: Complex Programmable Logic Device. 復雜可編程邏輯器件 EDA: Electronic De

30、sign Automation. 電子設計自動化 FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array. 現(xiàn)場可編程 門陣列 GAL: Generic Array Logic. 通用陣列邏輯 HDL: Hardware Description Language. 硬件描畫言語 IP: Intelligent Property. 智能模塊 PAL: Programmable Array Logic. 可編程陣列邏輯 RTL: Register Transfer Level. 存放器傳輸級描畫 SOC: System On a Chip. 片上系統(tǒng) SLIC: System Le

31、vel IC. 系統(tǒng)級IC VHDL: Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language. 超高速集成電路硬件描畫言語ASIC公用集成電路Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.公用集成電路。一個在一個芯片上定制設計的硬件。address bus 地址總線A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of t

32、he peripherals withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2n such locations.一個銜接處置器與一切外設的，用來通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被處

33、置器用來選擇在特定外設中的存儲器地址或存放器。假設地址總線有n條電子線路，處置器能獨一尋址高達2n的地址空間。application software運用軟件Describes software modules specific to a particular embedded project. The application software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, simply because each embedded system has a different application.用來描畫一個特定

34、的嵌入式工程中的某一軟件模塊。運用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式平臺，只是由于每一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)有不同的運用軟件。assembler匯編編譯器A software development tool that translates human-readable assembly language programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understandand execute.一個能把人可讀的匯編言語程序轉(zhuǎn)換四處置器可了解和運轉(zhuǎn)的機器指令的軟件開發(fā)工具。assembly language匯編言語A huma

35、n-readable form of a processors instruction set. Most processor-specific functions must be written in assembly language.一種人可讀的處置器指令集的方式。大多數(shù)處置器相關的功能必需用匯編言語編寫。ADIMMadvanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高級雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊 AMRAudioModem Riser；音效調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機板附加直立插卡 AHAAccelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架構(gòu) ASK IRAmplitu

36、de Shift Keyed Infra-Red，長波形可挪動輸入紅外線 ATX: AT Extend擴展型AT BIOSBasic Input/Output System，根本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng) CSEConfiguration Space Enable，可分配空間 DB: Device Bay，設備插架 DMIDesktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口 EBExpansion Bus，擴展總線 EISAEnhanced Industry Standard Architecture，加強形工業(yè)規(guī)范架構(gòu) EMIElectromagnetic Interference，電

37、磁干擾 ESCDExtended System Configuration Data，可擴展系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù) FBCFrame Buffer Cache，幀緩沖緩存 FireWire火線，即IEEE4規(guī)范 FSB: Front Side Bus，前置總線，即外部總線 FWH Firmware Hub，固件中心 GMCHGraphics & Memory Controller Hub，圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心 GPIsGeneral Purpose Inputs，普通操作輸入 ICHInput/Output Controller Hub，輸入/輸出控制中心 IRinfrared ray，紅外線 IrDAi

38、nfrared ray，紅外線通訊接口可進展局域網(wǎng)存取和文件共享 ISA: Industry Standard Architecture，工業(yè)規(guī)范架構(gòu) ISAinstruction set architecture，工業(yè)設置架構(gòu) MDCMobile Daughter Card，挪動式子卡 MRH-RMemory Repeater Hub，內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)處置中心 MRH-SSDRAM Repeater Hub，SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)處置中心 MTHMemory Transfer Hub，內(nèi)存轉(zhuǎn)換中心 NGIONext Generation Input/Output，新一代輸入/輸出規(guī)范 P64H64-bit

39、PCI Controller Hub，64位PCI控制中心 PCBprinted circuit board，印刷電路板 PCBAPrinted Circuit Board Assembly，印刷電路板裝配 PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect，互連外圍設備 PCI SIGPeripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group，互連外圍設備專業(yè)組 POSTPower On Self Test,加電自測試 RNGRandom number Generator，隨機數(shù)字發(fā)生器 RTC: Real Ti

40、me Clock實時時鐘 KBCKeyBroad Control，鍵盤控制器 SAPSideband Address Port，邊帶尋址端口 SBASide Band Addressing，邊帶尋址 SMA: Share Memory Architecture，共享內(nèi)存構(gòu)造 STDSuspend To Disk，磁盤喚醒 STRSuspend To RAM，內(nèi)存喚醒 SVR: Switching Voltage Regulator交換式電壓調(diào)理 USBUniversal Serial Bus，通用串行總線 USDMUnified System Diagnostic Manager，一致系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測

41、管理器 VIDVoltage Identification Definition，電壓識別認證 VRM Voltage Regulator Module，電壓調(diào)整模塊 ZIF: Zero Insertion Force, 零插力 主板技術 Gigabyte ACOPS: Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention SystemCPU過熱預防系統(tǒng) SIV: System Information Viewer系統(tǒng)信息察看 磐英 ESDJEasy Setting Dual Jumper，簡化CPU雙重跳線法 浩鑫 UPTUSB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口 芯片

42、組 ACPIAdvanced Configuration and Power Interface，先進設置和電源管理 AGPAccelerated Graphics Port，圖形加速接口 I/OInput/Output，輸入/輸出 MIOC: Memory and I/O Bridge Controller，內(nèi)存和I/O橋控制器 NBC: North Bridge Chip北橋芯片 PIIX: PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator加速器 PSE36: Page Size Extension 36bit，36位頁面尺寸擴展方式 PXB: PCI Expander Bridge，PCI

43、加強橋 RCG: RAS/CAS Generator，RAS/CAS發(fā)生器 SBC: South Bridge Chip南橋芯片 SMB: System Management Bus全系統(tǒng)管理總線 SPDSerial Presence Detect，內(nèi)存內(nèi)部序號檢測安裝 SSB: Super South Bridge，超級南橋芯片 TDP: Triton Data Path數(shù)據(jù)途徑 TSC: Triton System Controller系統(tǒng)控制器 QPA: Quad Port Acceleration四接口加速 BBSP板卡支持包See board support package.見boa

44、rd support package。binary semaphore(二元信號)A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex.一種只需兩種形狀的信號。也叫互斥信號。board support package板卡支持包Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the packag

45、e developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.軟件包的具有平臺依賴性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發(fā)者提供。樣例源程序必需能在需要時被修正、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的部分銜接起來。bond-out processor 外合處置器A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals brought

46、 out to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system. 一種特殊版本的處置器，它有一些，內(nèi)部的信號能傳到達外置的針腳上。一個外合處置器絕大多數(shù)情況下只用在模擬器上，從來不會被特意用在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)上。Breakpoint 斷點A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of the

47、 processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools. 一個在程序中的地址，在那里程序的執(zhí)行被停頓，并且處置器的控制轉(zhuǎn)換到了除錯程序。大多數(shù)除錯工具提供添加與刪除一個斷點的機制。2CISC復雜指令集計算機Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors ge

48、nerally feature variable-length instructions, multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose registers. Intels 80 x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contrast with RISC. 復雜指令集計算機。對一種處置器架構(gòu)的描畫。CISC處置器普通產(chǎn)生變長的指令，多種地址格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用存放器。Intel的80 x86家族是是典型的CISC處

49、置器。相對于RISC而言。CPU中央處置器Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions.中央處置器。處置器中執(zhí)行指令的那一部分。Compiler編譯器A software development tool that translates high-level language programs into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute.把高級編程

50、言語程序轉(zhuǎn)換到只需特定的處置器能了解和執(zhí)行的機器指令的一種軟件開發(fā)包。context 上下文The current state of the processors registers and flags.處置器當前的形狀和標志。context switch上下文切換The process of switching from one task to another in a multitasking operating system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running ask and restoring the

51、 previously-saved context of the other. The piece of code that does this is necessarily processor-specific.在多義務操作系統(tǒng)中我一個義務切換到另一個的過程。上下文切換包括保管正在運轉(zhuǎn)的義務的上下文和恢復早先保存的另一個義務的上下文。做這個任務的一段代碼必需具有處置器特權(quán)。counting semaphore計數(shù)信號A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt

52、 to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore.一種用來跟蹤多個一樣類型資源的信號燈。僅僅在一切可用的資源都被用完了時才阻塞。相對二元信號而言。critical section臨界段A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of t

53、he software. See also race condition.一段必需按次序執(zhí)行的代碼，并且不能被中斷，否那么不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競爭情況。cross-compiler交叉編譯器 A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.一個運轉(zhuǎn)在不同的平臺上的編譯器，其中之一能產(chǎn)生目的

54、代碼。交叉編譯器在主機上運轉(zhuǎn)并且產(chǎn)生目的機的目的代碼。DDMA直接內(nèi)存訪問Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA controller.直接內(nèi)存訪問。一種直接在兩個外設通常

55、是內(nèi)存和I/O設備之間進展數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)募夹g，它只需處置器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設進展管理。DRAM動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM contro

56、ller.動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器。一種RAM，存儲在其設備中的數(shù)據(jù)被定期刷新時才干保管它的內(nèi)容。刷新周期普通由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成。Data bus數(shù)據(jù)總線A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals with which it communicates. When the processor wants to read (write) the contents of a memory location or register within a particular peri

57、pheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the contents on the data bus.銜接處置器與一切外設進展通訊的電子線路集。當一個處置器想去寫讀某一特定外設中的存儲器地址或存放器中的內(nèi)容時，處置器設置地址總線并在數(shù)據(jù)總線上接納傳輸內(nèi)容。Deadline死線The time at which a particular set of computations must be completed. See also real-time system.一個特定計算必需被完成的

58、時間。請看實時系統(tǒng)。Deadlock死鎖An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, waiting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by fol

59、lowing certain software design practices.一種不希望出現(xiàn)的軟件形狀，在這個形狀下，一切的義務由于等待一個只需在這些被阻塞義務之一才干產(chǎn)生的事件而被阻塞。假設死鎖發(fā)生，獨一處理的方法是重啟動硬件。但是，經(jīng)過可靠的軟件設計實際活動通?？梢苑乐顾梨i的發(fā)生。debug monitor除錯監(jiān)視程序A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and communicates

60、 with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primitive commands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remove breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger combines these primitives to fulfill higher-level requests like pr