1、智商只占七分之一智商只占七分之一 哈佛為什么錄取他第1章 名牌大學(xué)的錄取規(guī)則PAGE 20PAGE 21第1章名牌大學(xué)的錄取規(guī)則Enter to grow in wisdom; Depart to serve better thy country and thy kind.入校讀書增長(zhǎng)學(xué)識(shí)與智慧，畢業(yè)出師造福國(guó)家與人民。 哈佛大學(xué)德克斯特(Dexter)拱門銘文第1節(jié)麻省理工的招生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)麻省理工學(xué)院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology，簡(jiǎn)稱MIT)建立于1861年，它的師生隊(duì)伍里面曾經(jīng)有76人獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng) /ir/pop/awards/nobel.html

2、，2010年11月10號(hào)統(tǒng)計(jì)。、50人獲美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)(National Medal of Science)、35人贏得麥克阿瑟獎(jiǎng)(MacArthur Fellows)，大名鼎鼎的費(fèi)曼、丁肇中、貝聿銘、錢學(xué)森等都曾在這里工作或?qū)W習(xí)過。幾乎每一個(gè)對(duì)自然科學(xué)著迷的學(xué)生都把麻省理工學(xué)院作為理想的圣地。麻省理工曾經(jīng)被人們的傳言給搞得妖魔化了，比如“教室里的學(xué)生個(gè)個(gè)睡眼惺忪，幾乎從來不睡覺”，“能進(jìn)麻省理工的不是天才就是瘋子”，“你在校園里隨地吐一口痰，唾沫星子都能濺到幾個(gè)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)或者奧賽金牌得主的臉上”傳言總是越傳越神，人們也愿意給遙遠(yuǎn)的事物增添神秘感。而事實(shí)上，當(dāng)你走進(jìn)麻省理工或者其他任何一所世界名

3、校，里面的學(xué)生和教授都是實(shí)實(shí)在在、有血有肉的人，他們除了高負(fù)荷的學(xué)習(xí)和研究以外，也會(huì)享受平常的一切生活樂趣。離他們?cè)浇?，就越發(fā)感覺所謂的“天才”其實(shí)并不神秘，通過自身的努力和適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?，結(jié)合各種機(jī)遇，人人都可以做出和“天才”一樣優(yōu)秀的成績(jī)。曾經(jīng)有一位剛被麻省理工錄取的女生惴惴不安地寫信給錄取委員會(huì)副主任麥克 楊(Mikey Yang)，她擔(dān)心麻省理工學(xué)院會(huì)有太多的天才和瘋子而跟不上別人的步伐。麥克很熱心地做了答復(fù)并將回信貼在了麻省理工的錄取博客 。上面。學(xué)生寫道：此時(shí)此刻，我因麻省理工(的錄取)而倍感興奮。但考慮到和我未來一起學(xué)習(xí)的同伴，我也有一些其他的顧慮。在申請(qǐng)之初，我就深知麻省理工吸引著

4、全球最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的學(xué)生，我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心不如他們那樣光彩奪目。比如，幾乎所有和我交談過的人都曾參加過國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽，至少也是美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽，或者曾在一些科學(xué)競(jìng)賽中嶄露頭角(“西屋獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”、“本田青少年科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”、“英特爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”，隨你挑)，要不就發(fā)過專利或參加過校級(jí)乃至國(guó)家級(jí)的科學(xué)俱樂部。而我卻從未有過類似經(jīng)歷，我就是一個(gè)單純地喜歡數(shù)學(xué)、貓咪、植物和一些水管裝置的孩子，只知道麻省理工是個(gè)很棒的地方，那里的每個(gè)人都在不停地創(chuàng)造自己的杰作。我擔(dān)心自己趕不上這些孩子，因?yàn)槿狈蒲?、缺少大型?shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽的經(jīng)歷等，我會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他同學(xué)。我必須拼死掙扎才能取得好的分?jǐn)?shù)(我知道分?jǐn)?shù)并非一切，但我依然想考

5、取體面的分?jǐn)?shù)以便日后申請(qǐng)研究生院)或是找到研究機(jī)會(huì)，至少也能向教授表明我有拿得出手的東西，可事實(shí)上，我不確定相比2011級(jí)的其他同學(xué)我能拿出來什么。我一度做好了心理準(zhǔn)備奔赴戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，不管未來的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)會(huì)有多重、有多繁忙，我確信我會(huì)熱愛學(xué)習(xí)(其實(shí)我很享受這樣的狀態(tài)，比如我能從解決化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)問題和數(shù)學(xué)問題中獲得樂趣，但是我真的沒有天賦，我只是學(xué)生中的“農(nóng)民”，而不是“詩(shī)人”，希望這種類比能說得通)，然而此時(shí)我非常糾結(jié)。如果您認(rèn)為我這種人也能在麻省理工有不俗表現(xiàn)，那自然很好，但如果您不這么認(rèn)為，請(qǐng)盡量坦白地告訴我。您在麻省理工的感覺怎樣呢？如果不介意，能告訴我一些關(guān)于您的親身經(jīng)歷嗎？比如，您也曾是美國(guó)數(shù)

6、學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽的選手嗎？感謝您百忙之中閱讀我的來信，希望我的語言不是很狂躁。Mikey的回復(fù)：別擔(dān)心。在來到麻省理工之前，我從沒聽過“英特爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”、“西屋獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”、“本田青少年科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”，更不知道什么“美國(guó)生物奧林匹克競(jìng)賽”、“美國(guó)化學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽”或者“美國(guó)物理奧林匹克競(jìng)賽”。我甚至連科學(xué)展覽和研究競(jìng)賽都不知道。沒有開玩笑，我參加了美國(guó)高中數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽的預(yù)賽，成績(jī)還不錯(cuò)，之后就沒有更進(jìn)一步的活動(dòng)(我聽說過美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)邀請(qǐng)賽，但從沒想過要參加)。在我申請(qǐng)麻省理工之前，也和你有同樣的感覺?！奥槭±砉さ膶W(xué)生比我可牛多了，我進(jìn)來絕對(duì)是個(gè)意外，我估計(jì)是這里最菜的學(xué)生了?！边@真的是我當(dāng)時(shí)自言自語的內(nèi)容。我也完全

7、理解你的“詩(shī)人”和“農(nóng)民”的比喻。他們會(huì)討論“那個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)證明是多么迷人”、“這道物理題的解答優(yōu)雅而有趣”，而我只能坐在那里說：“哦，至少我把單位寫對(duì)了，是吧？”或者用笨辦法花20倍的時(shí)間解一道題，然后說：“嘿，起碼答案是對(duì)的。管我用了兩個(gè)小時(shí)還是兩分鐘?！惫?。但不管怎樣，我們言歸正傳。來到麻省理工之后，我找到的樂子比我想象的要多(和朋友外出、兜風(fēng)，參加派對(duì)，看電視、電影，玩電子游戲，雖然不是一直這樣，但大多數(shù)時(shí)間是這樣的。別告訴我家長(zhǎng)哦)。在4年的本科生活中，我參加了一個(gè)無伴奏聲樂俱樂部，制作過兩張唱片，在一個(gè)古典樂隊(duì)唱歌，做過一個(gè)宗教俱樂部成員，定制了一個(gè)本科研究生機(jī)會(huì)計(jì)劃，有了很多值得終身

8、結(jié)交的朋友和難忘的回憶。但是，等等，那學(xué)習(xí)呢？我以4.8的GPA(滿分5.0)順利畢業(yè)，并且玩得很開心。(不是我自大，我只是想讓你知道你可以邊玩邊拿高分。)相信我，確實(shí)是有很難的課業(yè)的(不全是玩樂和游戲)。但事實(shí)上，如果你不認(rèn)為自己能夠在繁重的壓力下挺過來，并且在學(xué)業(yè)、社交、情感、體魄、思想等各方面“挺”得很好，那么你是不會(huì)被錄取的。麻省理工講究的是培養(yǎng)完整的學(xué)生，而不是學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)器，校園生活也不只是課堂，而是一切。在被錄取之前，你至少經(jīng)過了5輪不同的篩選：“她不僅能做得很好，而且能在其中十分享受，她將成為校園社區(qū)的一員，她能交到很棒的朋友，尤其是她與麻省理工十分匹配?！鼻闆r基本上都是這樣。麻省理

9、工的確有很多天才，有的甚至超越了麻省理工對(duì)天才的定義。我4年的大學(xué)生涯中見到過很多。但你知道嗎？有些朋友，直到認(rèn)識(shí)他們兩三年，我才知道他們的特長(zhǎng)和天賦(比如，我是大三還是大四才知道我的朋友中有加州任天堂游戲比賽冠軍、兒童節(jié)目明星，有的去非洲幫助過視覺受損兒童，有人多次在普特南數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽中名列前茅，有的參與過人類基因組計(jì)劃，有人擁有自己的設(shè)計(jì)公司)，但是當(dāng)人們到了這里，很多人都把天賦收斂了起來(除非在特定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn))。他們就是普通的學(xué)生，渴望認(rèn)識(shí)陌生人，并且對(duì)擁有和自己相似特質(zhì)的朋友而感到超級(jí)興奮。所以不要擔(dān)心。我知道你即將要經(jīng)歷的磨練，就像那些已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過全部并且已經(jīng)登陸彼岸的人們一樣，我知道你

10、是一定一定沒有問題的。附原文學(xué)生來信：So, mainly at this point I am very excited for MIT, but I am having some second thoughts. Concerning my peers. When I applied, I was well aware of the fact that MIT attracts the best and brightest. and Im a bit worried that Im not as bright and shiny as the others. For example, al

11、most all the people Ive talked to have been to the IMO or at least the USAMO or have won some science competition or another (Westinghouse, YES, Intel, take your pick) or have patented something, or have taken their schools science club to nationals. And Ive never done any of that. Im basically a ki

12、d who likes math, cats, plants and some plumbing and thought MIT seemed like a cool place because everyone was always building one thing or another, all the time. But now Im worried that I wont be able to catch up to these kids and as a result, coming in with no research experience or major math com

13、petition experience or etc. will pull me far behind my classmates and Ill struggle to get good grades (I know grades arent everything, but Id like to get decent enough grades to apply for graduate school) or find research opportunities or basically show professors that I have something to offer. whe

14、n in fact Im not sure I have anything to offer in comparison to the rest of the class of 2011.I was really psyched to go despite the notoriously huge workload because I was pretty sure that Id love doing the work, no matter how much there was (I really enjoyed, for example, doing stoichiometry probl

15、ems and math problems. theyre fun for me, but I dont have any true talent for them. Im a peasant of a student, not a poet if that makes any sense at all), but now Im more worried than anything. Please feel free to be honest. if you think that my sort of person can still do well at MIT, thats great.

16、but if not, be as brutally honest as necessary!So how was your experience at MIT? If you dont mind, can you tell me a bit about yourself? Like, were you one of those USAMO kids?Thanks again for your time, and I hope I dont sound too hysterical :)麥克的回復(fù)Dont worry. I had never heard of Intel, Westingho

17、use, or IMO before coming to MIT. I did not know a USABO, USNCO, or USPhO existed. I didnt even know science fairs and research competitions existed. No joke. I took the pre-AMC (back then it was called the AJHSME, and the AMC was called the AHSME - American (Junior) High School Math Exam), did okay

18、 on it, and never went any farther (I had heard of the AIME but wasnt even close to being considered for that test). And I felt exactly like you even before I applied to MIT. MIT students are way smarter than me. I mustve gotten in by accident. Ill be like the dumbest one there is what I seriously t

19、old myself. And I totally get your poet vs peasant analogy. people would talk about how elegant a math proof was, or how neat and interesting the solution was to that physics problem, while I would just sit there and say heck, did I at least get the units right? or use brute force to solve the probl

20、em in a way that took 20 x longer than it should have and said hey, I still got it right in the end, who cares if it took 2 hours instead of 2 minutes? Haha.But anyways, back to the original point. I came to MIT, and seriously, I probably had way more fun than I was supposed to. (Hanging out with fr

21、iends in my living group, going on road trips, having spontaneous parties, watching TV shows and movies, playing video games. Not all the time, but most of the time. Dont tell my parents.) Over my four years, I sang with an a cappella group, helped record and produce 2 CDs, sang in a classical group

22、, was part of a religious club, did a UROP, and made many lifelong friends and memories.But wait. what about the academics? I graduated with a 4.8 GPA (out of 5.0) - and I honestly had a blast. (I hope that didnt come off as arrogant - I just wanted to let you know that you can have a lot of fun and

23、 still get good grades in your classes!)Believe me, there was definitely hard work involved (it was not ALL fun and games) but really, you wouldnt have been admitted if you didnt think you could not only survive but THRIVE here academically, socially, emotionally, physically, mentally (and every oth

24、er lly way). MIT is about educating the entire student, not *just* the academics, and the college experience is not *just* the classes - its EVERYTHING. You literally passed through *at LEAST* 5 different rounds of screening before you were definitively admitted to MIT; we said not only can she do t

25、he work, but shes going to have fun, shell add to the campus community, shell be able to make great friends, and above all, shes a great match for MIT. Or something to that extent.Yes, there are geniuses at MIT, even for MIT standards. I met plenty of them throughout my four years. But you know what

26、? I couldnt even tell for most of them - I had plenty of friends where I didnt learn about their special and unique talents until after having known them for 2-3 years (examples: I didnt learn until junior or senior year that some of my friends consisted of: California State Nintendo Champion. a chi

27、ld TV show star. placed in the Putnam for more than one year. went to Africa to help vision-impaired children. worked on the Human Genome project. owned his own design company. etc. etc. etc.). But when people get here, everyone pretty much leaves a lot of that at the door (unless it comes up specif

28、ically). Theyre all students just like anyone, eager to meet new people. and it was incredibly exciting to have friends like them.So dont worry. I know exactly what youre going through, and as someone whos been through it all and is on the other side now, I know youll be juuuuust fine. :) 麥克提到的“與麻省理

29、工十分匹配”，正是麻省理工錄取學(xué)生的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。具備這些“匹配”素質(zhì)的學(xué)生已經(jīng)將一只腳邁進(jìn)了麻省理工的大門，其中包括：1. 肩負(fù)與麻省理工共同的使命讓世界變得更好請(qǐng)注意，讓世界變得更好的方法很多我們并不期待哪個(gè)學(xué)生能在他們15歲時(shí)就會(huì)治療世上所有的疾病，但可以輔導(dǎo)一個(gè)小孩學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)能夠改變世界，說服一個(gè)參議員修改苛政也能改變世界這樣的例子不勝枚舉。2. 與人合作的精神這里的核心精神就是合作：在校園中隨處可見。麻省理工很多的難題集(我們對(duì)家庭作業(yè)的愛稱)都是需要小組協(xié)作來完成的；跨院系實(shí)驗(yàn)室非常普遍；麻省理工一直以跨學(xué)科研究著稱；資源開放活動(dòng)在這里開展得轟轟烈烈；出版和分享成果是學(xué)術(shù)研究的中心。營(yíng)造合作的

30、氛圍是麻省理工社區(qū)的重要組成部分。如果你喜歡獨(dú)立工作，那也很好！不過在這里你可能不會(huì)特別開心。3. 自發(fā)主動(dòng)的勁頭研究項(xiàng)目、種子基金、有趣的講座不會(huì)自動(dòng)上門。在麻省理工機(jī)遇很多，就看你能不能抓住。對(duì)于那些積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)生能充分利用自己身邊優(yōu)勢(shì)的人，麻省理工能提供的資源是無可比擬的。4. 敢于冒險(xiǎn)的精神麻省理工希望招收的學(xué)生不僅有能力取得成功，更要有勇氣直面失敗。人們?cè)诿半U(xiǎn)的時(shí)候會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)堅(jiān)韌 因?yàn)轱L(fēng)險(xiǎn)導(dǎo)致成功與導(dǎo)致失敗的幾率相當(dāng)。最具創(chuàng)造力的成功人士(在麻省理工比比皆是)都明白：失敗是生活的一部分，只要保持專注不言放棄，最終一定會(huì)達(dá)到目標(biāo)。5. 實(shí)踐創(chuàng)造的能力麻省理工是個(gè)活躍、需要?jiǎng)邮謱?shí)踐的地方。創(chuàng)

31、新過程有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而且很麻煩！讓污漬沾滿你的雙手，去嘗試新的東西往往是獲得成功的最好方法。我們?cè)谶@里運(yùn)用理論去解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的問題；我們拉丁文的校訓(xùn)翻譯過來是：勤于思，敏于行。換句話說，你不能只沉迷于動(dòng)腦，更要善于動(dòng)手。6. 精力集中、富有求知欲和激情將我們錄取的重點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)而言之：你應(yīng)當(dāng)全身心投入那些對(duì)你意義重大的事情 (至于具體什么事我們不會(huì)介意)，要勇于探索，但探索的領(lǐng)域?qū)幦蔽銥E，質(zhì)量遠(yuǎn)高于數(shù)量。就申請(qǐng)大學(xué)而言，你不需要做過很多的事情，只要潛心做好幾件你真正在意的事情就足夠了。7. 麻省理工的集體精神麻省理工的集體是由好人組成的。我們彼此呵護(hù)，相互扶持。我們互相激勵(lì)，取得超越潛能的成績(jī)和夢(mèng)想。我們期待

32、錄取那些自發(fā)的、能維系麻省理工集體精神的人。8. 平衡生活與學(xué)習(xí)的能力努力學(xué)習(xí)，盡情玩耍。不管以前你聽到過什么傳聞，在麻省理工不只是學(xué)習(xí)。想在這里吃得開，你必須安排一些時(shí)間讓自己“停工”，放飛身心。因此我們也希望你能在高中時(shí)期偶爾給自己放個(gè)假。我們申請(qǐng)表格里的第三個(gè)問題是：“請(qǐng)告訴我們一件你做過的單純出于喜歡而做的事情?！边@不是陷阱，請(qǐng)動(dòng)腦回答。9. 最后請(qǐng)牢記，不存在能夠與麻省理工“完美匹配”的類型當(dāng)我們錄取一批學(xué)生進(jìn)入麻省理工，就如同組織一個(gè)1 000人的隊(duì)伍去攀登崎嶇而秀麗的大山。誠(chéng)然我們期望大家都是訓(xùn)練有素、體力充沛的隊(duì)員，但我們也希望每個(gè)人能為團(tuán)隊(duì)增添有用、有趣的元素。比如迷人的氣質(zhì)

33、、幽默感、奇特的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，以及各種天賦、才能、興趣愛好或成就。再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們不是招收一批量產(chǎn)的完美登山隊(duì)員，而是尋覓一群能夠互相支持、相互啟迪與激發(fā)靈感的人才。附原文 。Alignment with MITs mission to make the world a better place. Remember that there are many ways to make the world better - were not looking for applicants to have cured all infectious disease in the world by the tim

34、e theyre fifteen. Tutoring a single kid in math changes the world. Lobbying a senator to change bad policy changes the world. There are thousands of examples.Collaborative & cooperative spirit. The core of the MIT spirit is collaboration and cooperation: you can see it all over the Institute. Many o

35、f the problem sets (our affectionate term for homework) at MIT are designed to be worked on in groups; cross-department labs are very common; MIT is known for its interdisciplinary research; the Open Source movement is powerful here; publishing and sharing of results is the center of academic resear

36、ch. Fostering a collaborative environment is an important part of the MIT community. If you enjoy working alone all the time, thats fine! But youre probably not going to be particularly happy here.Initiative. Research projects and seed money and interesting lectures arent simply handed to students o

37、n silver platters here. Opportunities abound at MIT, but they must be seized. For those students who take initiative - who take advantage of whats around them - MITs resources are unparalleled.Risk-taking. MIT wants to admit people who are not only planning to succeed, but who are not afraid to fail

38、. When people take risks in life, they learn resilience as a result - because risk leads to failure as often as it leads to success. The most creative and successful people - and MIT is loaded with them - know that failure is part of life and that if you stay focused and dont give up, goals are ulti

39、mately realized.Hands-on creativity. MIT is an active, hands-on place. Innovation is risky and messy! Getting your hands dirty and trying something new is often the best way to achieve success. We apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems here; our latin motto means Mind and Hand. In other

40、words, you shouldnt just enjoy thinking, you should also enjoy doing.Intensity, curiosity, and excitement. (We used to summarize this as simply passion before various components of the college admissions machine turned it into a buzz-word and stripped it of its meaning.) In a nutshell: you should be

41、 invested in the things that really mean something to you (were not particularly picky as to what). Explore! Choose quality over quantity - you dont have to do a million things to get into college. Put your heart into a few things that you truly care about and that will be enough.The character of th

42、e MIT community. Our community is comprised of good people. People who take care of each other and lift each other up. People who inspire each other to work & dream beyond their potential. Were looking to admit people who by nature will sustain the qualities of this community.The ability to prioriti

43、ze balance. Work hard, play hard. Despite what you may have heard, this place is NOT all about work. To be successful here, you must prioritize some measure of down-time. Therefore we like to see that youve prioritized some down-time in high school as well. Question #3a (Tell us about something you

44、do simply for the pleasure of it) is not a trick question. Answer it wisely.Last but not least, remember that no one profile - no matter how impressive - represents the perfect match.When we admit a class of students to MIT, its as if were choosing a 1,000-person team to climb a very interesting, fa

45、irly rugged mountain - together. We obviously want people who have the training, stamina and passion for the climb. At the same time, we want each to add something useful or intriguing to the team, from a wonderful temperament or sense of humor, to compelling personal experiences, to a wide range of

46、 individual gifts, talents, interests and achievements. We are emphatically not looking for a batch of identical perfect climbers; we are looking for a richly varied team of capable people who will support, surprise and inspire each other.第9條會(huì)讓那些期待標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案的人讀著很惱火，麻省理工錄取的人沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型！那這些原則究竟有什么用？“到底我該怎么做才能進(jìn)入麻

47、省理工？”曾有學(xué)生向我吼。對(duì)于這么急切的問題，我只能先答一句說了等于沒說的話：“當(dāng)你能夠被麻省理工錄取時(shí)，自然就進(jìn)去了?！焙呛?，聽我慢慢分解。其實(shí)看似不可控制的第9條麻省理工招生沒有固定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型，實(shí)際上是可以被把握并攻破的。很簡(jiǎn)單，就是“做你自己”！每個(gè)人的天賦、經(jīng)歷，以及由經(jīng)歷影響的思想、個(gè)性都是不可復(fù)制的，做真正的自己就能做到獨(dú)一無二必然能成為任何集體中獨(dú)具色彩的一員。所以關(guān)鍵的是，你能不能做到麻省理工要求的前8條：胸懷世界、與人合作、自發(fā)主動(dòng)、敢于冒險(xiǎn)、善于平衡那么，究竟怎么做才能達(dá)到這8條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢？我們一起來求證。首先，這些“與麻省理工匹配”的“看點(diǎn)”是招生委員會(huì)總結(jié)出來的。站在他們的

48、立場(chǎng)來看，每年要在4個(gè)多月的時(shí)間從20 000多名申請(qǐng)者中挑選出2 000多個(gè)最佳人選，只能盡量去關(guān)注那些能夠體現(xiàn)學(xué)生優(yōu)秀本質(zhì)的表象比如是否樂于助人，是否發(fā)表過專利，是否會(huì)玩、會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)、善于合作和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)等等。但是，作為表象的東西是不能夠用來指導(dǎo)行動(dòng)的，不然就會(huì)顯得很假。比如一塊瑞士手表，其優(yōu)秀的質(zhì)量體現(xiàn)在機(jī)芯的打磨程度和發(fā)出的聲音、標(biāo)志與表盤的制作、雕刻等方面。如果你想要做一塊好表，不能只是膚淺地讓機(jī)芯發(fā)出類似的聲音或者模仿勞力士雕刻的字體，而是一定要在根源上研究機(jī)芯的工作原理與制造工藝，且要選擇貨真價(jià)實(shí)的材料。贗品模仿得再像也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如真品。真正優(yōu)秀的人可以做到“一直被模仿，從未被超越”。所以，我

49、們必須站在一個(gè)申請(qǐng)者的角度，挖掘出藏在名校錄取原則(表象)背后的理論優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的本質(zhì)。當(dāng)你具備了一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的人應(yīng)該具有的特征，你的所作所為、言談舉止自然能夠展現(xiàn)出錄取官員看中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這也正是名校招生的本質(zhì)錄取那些在本質(zhì)上優(yōu)秀的人，而不是裝得優(yōu)秀的人。廢話了這么多，那么到底什么叫“優(yōu)秀的本質(zhì)”？這，正是本書第2章到第8章所講述的：超越年齡的眼界、深入執(zhí)著的探索、獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣、分步實(shí)現(xiàn)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)、影響世界的魅力、與“牛”共舞的經(jīng)歷、系統(tǒng)思考的智商。第2節(jié)常春藤的面試官培訓(xùn)常春藤聯(lián)盟(Ivy League)是指美國(guó)東北部著名的8所大學(xué)：哈佛大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)、達(dá)特茅

50、斯學(xué)院、康奈爾大學(xué)、布朗大學(xué)。這8所名校的招生選拔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本上可以代表所有名校的錄取原則。美國(guó)名校在錄取的過程中，除了參考申請(qǐng)者提交的書面材料以外，還會(huì)盡可能多地了解申請(qǐng)人的第一手信息，“招生工作是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)肅、非常重要的任務(wù)”。校方獲取學(xué)生第一手資料的最佳手段就是面試。如果有人在書面材料當(dāng)中“裝”得優(yōu)秀，那么在面試當(dāng)中，之前的一切假象都會(huì)“見光死”。當(dāng)然，面試的初衷絕對(duì)不在于此，而是要更準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)現(xiàn)人才，并讓人才認(rèn)可學(xué)校。面試分為校內(nèi)面試(on-campus interview)和校外面試(off-campus interview)兩種，其中校外面試又分為電話面試、校友面試、網(wǎng)上面試等形式，總之

51、就是要了解到一個(gè)“活生生”的申請(qǐng)者，從而超越紙面上的了解。曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)申請(qǐng)卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)機(jī)械工程博士項(xiàng)目的女生，她遠(yuǎn)在美國(guó)的導(dǎo)師選擇了一個(gè)更具挑戰(zhàn)的面試形式給中科院的研究生講一節(jié)課。因?yàn)槟敲?dǎo)當(dāng)時(shí)有一個(gè)朋友在中科院任教授，該教授和他的學(xué)生當(dāng)了一次“面試官”。那么，作為一名面試官，他需要提供哪些方面的“情報(bào)”給錄取委員會(huì)來決定一個(gè)學(xué)生的命運(yùn)呢？我有幸搞到了一所常春藤大學(xué)給校友面試官培訓(xùn)的手冊(cè)，他們的校外面試通常由住在(或工作在)申請(qǐng)者附近的校友主持。因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)校友都以母校為榮，自然希望和最優(yōu)秀的晚輩共享榮譽(yù)，由他們來把關(guān)非常合適。但是，這樣的校友只是臨時(shí)為學(xué)校工作，流動(dòng)性大，有不少是面試的新手，

52、他們需要一份指導(dǎo)材料。不開玩笑，面試官也是需要培訓(xùn)的，這可是件嚴(yán)肅、神圣的工作！比如，有的菜鳥面試官會(huì)問：“如果被面試的人碰巧是我的朋友怎么辦？”參考答案是：“請(qǐng)向?qū)W生或者家長(zhǎng)解釋清楚，面試官并沒有作出錄取決定的權(quán)力，但肯定會(huì)幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)一步了解我們學(xué)校。你可以幫學(xué)生安排一次校園觀光，或者建議他們向招生辦公室咨詢更詳細(xì)的信息。到了面試的時(shí)間，你可以親自來主持；但更明智的做法是，找一位不認(rèn)識(shí)該申請(qǐng)人的面試官一起參加面試。”還有摩拳擦掌、充滿幻想的面試官會(huì)問：“我能為特別頂尖的申請(qǐng)人額外做些什么嗎？”參考答案是：“寫一份全面的面試報(bào)告，寫多少頁(yè)都沒有問題。如果你認(rèn)為得到了一些并沒有體現(xiàn)在申請(qǐng)者遞交的

53、書面材料中的信息，請(qǐng)向招生辦公室說明。注意不要向申請(qǐng)人作出過度承諾或者預(yù)測(cè)錄取結(jié)果，學(xué)生被錄取之后再和他/她聯(lián)系。很多地方在錄取消息發(fā)布之后會(huì)舉辦新生聚會(huì)，請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)那些被錄取的學(xué)生參加；但是不要慫恿候補(bǔ)名單里的學(xué)生參加，因?yàn)閺暮蜓a(bǔ)名單轉(zhuǎn)成正式錄取的概率很低?！泵嬖嚭苤匾?，但是不可怕。如果了解了面試官的底線和原則，我們就可以盡情地展示自己的優(yōu)秀，為申請(qǐng)?zhí)硪话鸦?。下面附上校方?duì)面試官的技巧指導(dǎo)。面試工作技巧：1. 保持面試過程的低調(diào)與自然，讓人感到放松隨意。面試時(shí)間不要超過60分鐘，面試官要搜集細(xì)節(jié)信息并對(duì)申請(qǐng)者成為本校學(xué)生的潛力作出公正評(píng)價(jià)。面試官是申請(qǐng)者和學(xué)校之間的一座重要橋梁，你要努力開拓申請(qǐng)

54、者對(duì)于我們學(xué)校的了解，并做一次愉快的公關(guān)。向申請(qǐng)者指出面試官只是為申請(qǐng)者和招生辦公室服務(wù)的，你并不能作出最終的錄取決定。2. 努力去獲得除了考試分?jǐn)?shù)、班級(jí)排名等一般信息之外的東西，雖然這些有利于我們?cè)u(píng)估申請(qǐng)者。面試官應(yīng)當(dāng)深入了解申請(qǐng)人為什么參與了以前的活動(dòng)，或者他/她為什么對(duì)某些學(xué)科感興趣。3. 如果與其他人一起擔(dān)任面試工作，那么一份綜合的評(píng)估要優(yōu)于某個(gè)人的單獨(dú)評(píng)價(jià)。面試報(bào)告打分應(yīng)當(dāng)反映一個(gè)面試小組的共識(shí)，所以你要表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)感受，尤其是反對(duì)意見。4. 面試小組的人員組成非常重要，請(qǐng)盡量保持小組的成員來自不同的班級(jí)、不同的性別等。5. 我們收到的申請(qǐng)來自一大批具有不同背景的學(xué)生，有的對(duì)面試應(yīng)

55、對(duì)自如，有的可能沒有接受過正統(tǒng)教育 在美國(guó)，申請(qǐng)讀大學(xué)的人既有在正規(guī)學(xué)校讀書的學(xué)生，也有從小不接受學(xué)校教育的學(xué)生，比如在家自學(xué)或者由家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行教育指導(dǎo)的學(xué)生。而不適應(yīng)面試場(chǎng)合。請(qǐng)注意收斂自己的偏見，對(duì)所有申請(qǐng)人的顧慮保持敏感。6. 牢記招生委員會(huì)只能在每10個(gè)申請(qǐng)人中錄取1個(gè)，相應(yīng)的面試評(píng)估也要和這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的激烈程度保持一致。盡量保證你寫的報(bào)告翔實(shí)具體，因?yàn)榇朕o含糊或者泛泛而談的報(bào)告遠(yuǎn)不如有實(shí)例支撐的那些有用。7. 面試者可能會(huì)向你詢問他們被錄取的可能性，這是個(gè)很好的時(shí)機(jī)同他們談?wù)撘幌挛覀冧浫∵^程的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。一個(gè)具體的答案可能會(huì)無意間誤導(dǎo)申請(qǐng)者，因?yàn)樵诒举|(zhì)上，如果不全面審閱申請(qǐng)材料、對(duì)所有申請(qǐng)人作出

56、一個(gè)全方位的評(píng)估，是不可能算出錄取的概率的。面試官可以告知申請(qǐng)者，他們的材料會(huì)被有權(quán)作出錄取決定的招生官員很仔細(xì)很仔細(xì)地審閱。8. 如果面試者失約，招生辦公室需要知道具體原因，我們默認(rèn)面試官會(huì)盡可能諒解申請(qǐng)者并重新安排時(shí)間。否則，面試評(píng)估表格請(qǐng)盡快寄回我們。附原文Suggested Tips for Interviewing1. Keep the interview informal and low key; try to put the candidate at ease. The interview should last no more than 60 minutes. Intervie

57、wers should seek to obtain specific information and make fair evaluations of an applicants promise as a prospective student. Interviewers serve as an important liaison between the College and the applicant. Strive to further the applicants understanding of our school and to create a favorable public

58、 relations impact. Point out to the applicant that interviewers seek to be of service to candidates as well as to the Office of Admissions, and that you do not make a final decision in the selection process. 2. Attempt to get beyond test scores, class standing, and other general information. Althoug

59、h that information is helpful in assessing a candidates promise, interviewers should seek to gain greater insight as to why the applicant participates in certain activities or why he/she is particularly interested in specific subjects. 3. If interviewing with others, a composite assessment is more h

60、elpful than an individual assessment. The interview reports summary rating should reflect a consensus of the interviewing team. You should feel free, however, to discuss dissenting opinions in your summary statement. 4. The composition of your interviewing team is very important. Please make an effo