1、 專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題一、選擇題civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military useattention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united

2、 states of Americaa direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction.its our duty to (comply with) the specification.dose your shop (supply) rebar ?neither I nor he (is) fond of music.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥)are widely used on the construction site.the production of steel h

3、as been increased (by) 70%.if the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed).( where ver) you go, you can see many buildings.dams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cos

4、t you will be offered).in modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the (surfaces) as direct as possible.besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be (durable).tensile failure of (reinforced) concrete happens

5、easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.concrete is (inherently) a porous material (多孑L材料)18-may I use your bike for a moment?-(by all means)(一定，務(wù)必).conclusions can be (drawn) from the above discussion.its a small country, yet has a lot of (potential) resources.a persons calorie requirements

6、vary (throughout).there is a computer syetem (with which) the company is experiencing problems. usually there is (less) traffic in the streets on weekday than on Sundays. The thief tried to open the locked door but (in vain). cracks would not only be unsightly but would (expose) the steel bars to co

7、rrosion by moisture and other chemical action.(having packed) their luggage, the tourists humed to the airport.generous public funding of basic science would (lead to) considerable benefits for the countrys health,wealth and security. .you are very selfish,its high time you (realized) that you are n

8、ot the most important person in the world,“ edgar said to his boss angrily.(even if) the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have include all variables and modeled accurately.remember that customers dont (bargain) about prices in the city.二、詞組互譯tensile strength 抗拉強度：compress

9、ive strength 抗壓強度construction engineering 建筑工程reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土raw material 原材料civil engineers 土木工程師assemblage technology 裝配技術(shù)simply supported beam 簡支梁continuous beam 連續(xù)梁framing member 框架構(gòu)件.bending strength 抗彎強度shearing strength 抗剪強度.bill of quantities 工程量清單.estimated cost 預(yù)算成本.the column-di

10、agonal truss tube 對頂柱桁架筒體.cash flow現(xiàn)金流動 .three-dimensional 三維的.English for specialized science and technology 專業(yè)夕卜i開.geotechnical engineering 巖土工程.foundation settlement 地基沉降.fundamental assumption 基本假設(shè).bending moment 彎曲力矩.shear stress剪應(yīng)力,剪切應(yīng)力.normal stress正應(yīng)力，法向應(yīng)力.on schedule 按時.be in equilibrium wi

11、th 與平衡.horizontal plane 水平面.vertical plane 垂直而.soil mechanics 土力學(xué).aerial photographs 航空攝影.sanitary engineering 衛(wèi)生工程.detrimental agents 有害因素.joint action 聯(lián)合作用.deformed bars 變形鋼筋.current situation（present situation）現(xiàn)狀.positive sequence 正序.negative sequence 逆序（負(fù)序）.fabrication plant加工廠（加工設(shè)備） .financial

12、budget 財政預(yù)算.divide by 除以.in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)（主管）.take account of 考慮到，顧及. spectacular achievements 驚人的成就.ultrahigh-rise buildings 超高層建筑.terminate contract解除合同（終止合同）.spandrel beams 外墻托梁47.encroach on 侵占，蠶食intersect surfaces 相交曲面.bundled-tube structures 束筒結(jié)構(gòu).take delivery of 取貨,提貨三、翻譯句子The term civil engin

13、eering originally came into use to distinguish it from military engineering .土木工程這個術(shù)語起初是用來與軍事工程相區(qū)別的，土木工程處 理 的是民用的永久性建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，而軍事工程則是主要負(fù)責(zé)處理臨時 性的軍用建筑。Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit.更多

14、的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸來使建筑物的剛性更強，以使 它們在風(fēng)荷載作用下在容許范圍內(nèi)擺動。Structural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel,take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway.鋼筋混凝土個鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)充分利用了整個建筑的固有的潛在的剛 度，因此不需要額外的加強材料來限制傾斜。

15、The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces and the control of drift in high-rise building.筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系的發(fā)展是為了提高高層建筑抵抗側(cè)向力和飄移的能 力。薄殼筒體使筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系又向前邁進了一步。With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings,the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss table may be

16、 used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelops while maintaining high efficiency. 隨著對更大更高的建筑的持續(xù)要求，框筒或?qū)斨旒芡搀w可能 被用在捆綁的形式以創(chuàng)作更大的筒體外殼，同時又保持了高效力。The principles of fluid mechanics can be applied to daily life as in the case of the planes,the movement of fish in water,and the circulation of blood i

17、n the veins.流體力學(xué)原理可以應(yīng)用到日常生活中，如：飛行的飛機、魚在水 中的游動及血管中的血液循環(huán)等情況。Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overload the system.人類或人類的活動引起的污染物已經(jīng)超過了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的承受能 力。The role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge between biology and technology by applying all the techniques to the job of cleaning t

18、he debris.環(huán)境工程師的作用是，通過將各種技術(shù)應(yīng)用于垃圾清理的工作中， 從而在生物與技術(shù)之間建造一座橋梁。Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane.測量是指為收集數(shù)據(jù)，以便在水平面內(nèi)畫出地球表面點的位置圖 的一種技術(shù)。10.The engineering marvels of the world ,starting from the pyramids to

19、 todays thin shell structures,are the results of development in civil engineering.1 l.As here understood ,it is the body of scientific knowledge which permits one to predict with a good degree of certainty how a structure of given shape and dimensions will behave when acted upon by known force or ot

20、her mechanical influences.正如由此處所知結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)是科學(xué)知識體系，它使得人們能很確定 地預(yù)測給定形狀和尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)在己知力或其他力學(xué)因素下的性能。12.This proposition is not an assumption but a fact,because any body or any portion thereof can be at rest only if all forces acting on it are in equilibrium .這一命題不是假設(shè)，而是事實，因為只有作用于物體或物體一部 分的力平衡時，它才能靜止。13.Actually,the

21、 joint action of two materials as dissimilar and complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent itself to purely catalytical treatment.實際上，像混凝土和鋼材這樣既復(fù)雜又不同的兩種材料的聯(lián)合作 用是非常復(fù)雜的，目前還不能對其進行純分析處理。14.from this study a list of all items of work is prepared, and related items earthen g

22、rouped together for listing on a master schedule.根據(jù)研究，列出施工工程的各項工作內(nèi)容，并將相關(guān)內(nèi)容歸為一 類，列在主要施工進度表上。15.other construction engineering duties are the layout of the work by surveying methods, the preparation of detail drawings to clarify the design engineers drawings for the construction crews, and the inspection of the work to ensure that it complies with plans and specifications.工程施工的其