1、主謂一致.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，若主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要加-s或-es,具體變化同名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)。如：He goes to school at 8 every morning.不說(shuō)： He go.1）單數(shù)第三人稱作主語(yǔ)的詞包括：?jiǎn)螖?shù)人稱代詞：he, she, it不定代詞：each, everyone人名：John, Bill Gates等。普通單數(shù)名詞：my brother, English等。2）單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的變化有：be is; have has;其他動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s或-es,具體 變化同名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，work-works, study-studieso若主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第一、第二人稱或

2、復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永原形，不需要加-s或-es. 常見(jiàn)的這樣的主語(yǔ)有：?jiǎn)螖?shù)人稱代詞：I, you復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞：we, you, they復(fù) 數(shù)名詞：students, books等。.在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面，直接接動(dòng)詞原型。She can sing in English.He goes to school early. / He doesn go to school early. There be句型的主謂一致。研究下列句子：There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk.There be句型是一倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單

3、復(fù)數(shù)要與be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞 一致。. “數(shù)量詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致只與口數(shù)名詞連用只接單數(shù)的OneEacheveryOne boyEach boyEvery boy單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Every boy is smart.Every boy has a gift.Every boy studies hard.只接復(fù)數(shù)的Two, three, etc. Both A couple of A few Few Several Many A number ofTwo boysBoth boysA couple of boysA few boysFew boysSeveral boysMany boysA num

4、ber of boys復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Many boys are smart.Many boys have a gift.Many boys study hard.單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Much water is clean.Much water has bacteria.只與/、口數(shù)名詞連用A littleLittleMuchA great deal ofAlargeamount ofA little waterLittle waterMuch waterA great deal of waterA large amount of water與口數(shù)名 詞復(fù)數(shù)或 /、可數(shù)名 詞連用均 可Not anySomeA l

5、ot ofLots ofNot any boys, not any waterSome boys, some waterA lot of boys, a lot of waterLots of boys, lots of water接口數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；接/、可數(shù) 名詞時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Some water is clean.Some boys are smart.Plenty ofMost allPlenty of boys, plenty of water Most boys, most waterAll boys, all water在上述數(shù)量詞中，有些還可以接 of短語(yǔ)連用。具體用

6、法如下:All/most/some/any of +特指限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)或/、可數(shù)名詞 Most of my/these/the/JohHs books are interesting.Most of the information is useless.Many/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of + 特指限定詞 + 復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞Many of these students are good at English.總的規(guī)則：接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞 時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；接 不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Much/a little/little of +特指限定詞+/、可數(shù)名

7、詞Much of the water is wastedOne ofEach of+特指限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Every one ofOne of my students is good at English.Every one of my students is good at English.5.單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的關(guān)系一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這個(gè)符合英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法上致原則。但此種情況也有例外?，F(xiàn)在詳細(xì)歸納如下：Many a +名詞單數(shù)，雖為復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。There is many an error that he has neglec

8、ted.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a better education. (Many men and women hav e.)2)More than one+數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。There is more than one answer to this question.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting. 與此類似的另一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。More topics

9、than one have been discussed at the meeting.More persons than one were killed.a+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。One or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。A word or two is misused in the sentence.One or two words are misused in the sentence.對(duì)于集體名詞，如： party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government, committee, audience, public等

10、，貝要視t青況而定：a.若集體名詞被看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。b.若集體名詞被看成是有具體若干成員組成的，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。試比較：The public is the best judge.The public are requested to write down their names in this book.He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.There was a

11、large audience in the great hall.The audience were excited.但集體名詞：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等總是接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，而 mankind, humanity 接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams.5)定冠詞the+adj.

12、或過(guò)去分詞(1)若表示抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。(見(jiàn)a,b,c旬)（2）表示一類人，則為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。（見(jiàn)d,e旬）（3）有時(shí)根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷。（見(jiàn)f,g旬）The good in him overweight the bad.（抽象概念）他身上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)比缺 點(diǎn)多。The best is yet to come.The beautiful is not always the same as the good.The blind are unfortunate.The oppressed are to rise one day.The deceased was his mother武示單個(gè)的人

13、）The deceased were ten farmers.6.復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的關(guān)系這種情況下，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不能一概而論。不過(guò)一條原則是：（1）若復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞表示的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，則顯然要接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；（2）若復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞表示的是單數(shù)的概念，或?qū)⑵淇闯梢粋€(gè)整體部分，則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。這么說(shuō)來(lái)，在這種情況下，我們主要采用意義一致的原則來(lái)判斷主謂一 致。1）常見(jiàn)的表示成對(duì)概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：pants, trousers, scissors, sca底灰平），glasses, binoculars雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡），spectacles, bifocals （雙光眼鏡）。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用復(fù)數(shù)

14、。Where are my glasses?2）形式上是復(fù)數(shù)（詞尾加s）,但表示單數(shù)概念的詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Works（工廠卜 gallows（絞開(kāi)架）、politics, statistics, measles, diabetesPolitics is often a popular topic among people.Statistics is a science.單若politics, statistics不表示學(xué)科，而分別表示“政治觀點(diǎn)”，“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)” 時(shí)，則需要復(fù)數(shù)。Statistics prove that -.What are your politics?3）表示時(shí)間，重量，數(shù)額

15、的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，我們通常將它們看成一個(gè)整體，故 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The years is a moment in history.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.Two tons is enough.The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 milesis a long distance and Americans think 100 years is a long time.值得注意的是，若“數(shù)詞”單用，表示人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。

16、Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in that accident.Few know the fact.4）復(fù)數(shù)的專有名詞后面都接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：a. The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada. 不過(guò)特殊的有：the United Nations, the United State#勻看作一個(gè)整體，故用單 數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。7.并列主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的關(guān)系1）由and連接的多個(gè)成分，若表示一種事物

17、或一種概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；若 表示的是多個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our college tonight. （writer 和translator是指同一個(gè)人）The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight.（t匕 處指兩個(gè)人）The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.（同一課）The tenth and the last less

18、on are translated by him?（個(gè)不同的課）2）若and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，且and后面的名詞有相關(guān)的副詞（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well 等）修飾，貝謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與 and 前 面的名詞保持一致。因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)句子的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是and前面的名詞，此時(shí)and與前面的名詞之間常有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing.Tom, and not Jim, has gone there.That the sun and not

19、 the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.Jack, and perhaps Williams, has been there.Jack, and particularly his parents, is fond of this music.3)兩個(gè)表示不同物質(zhì)的名詞，雖由and連接，但習(xí)慣上此兩樣?xùn)|西常常被同 時(shí)使用，這時(shí)我們將二者看作是一整體，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的 這樣的名詞有：Bread and butter is my

20、favorite breakfast.Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people.The fork and knife is hard for me to useor連接的并列主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞形式與 or最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。He or I am to go.Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.every and(every)each ，and(each),any and(any)，no and(no)，many a - and(man

21、y a) 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Every hour and every minute is important.Every man, woman and child is an important being.Every boy and girl has to have his hair neatly combedMany a man and (many a) woman has wished he or she had had a better education.eitheror，not only- but also，neither.nor，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)與 or, but(a

22、lso), nor后面的詞一致。Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting.Not only their teacher but also the students are required to attend the meeting.7)與第六點(diǎn)形成對(duì)照的是，“主語(yǔ)+with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, including, in addition to, added to, except, beside

23、s, rather than,accompanied by+另一主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。Mary, along with her sisters, attends the sessions regularly.The students as well as the teacher are required to attend the meeting.I, as well as they, am ready to help you.8.在of結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)這類情況較為復(fù)雜，且不總是那么具有規(guī)律性。基本可歸納如下：像 kind, type, sort,

24、class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, mak妤表示類別的名詞，總的規(guī)律是：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)與of前面的名詞形式保持一致。What kind of rice is served in that restaurant?This kind of apple is sour.The kind of apples is sour.Apples of this kind are sour.What kinds of rice are served in that restaurant?A pair of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，看作整體，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。A pai

25、r of gloves/glasses is on the table.但是：Five pairs of gloves are on sale.3)the+最高級(jí)+of+ n.復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)The most elaborate of all bird nests is the large, doomed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.A number of/An average of/A total of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量the number/average/total of+S詞復(fù)數(shù)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體.A t

26、otal of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.An average of ten thousand dollars a day are sent by this post office.The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars.The total of 10 thousand dollars donated last month was sent to theflood-stricken areas.A part of +單數(shù)名詞-單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)名詞-復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

27、與止匕類似 的還有:the rest/remainder of, most of, plenty of, 分?jǐn)?shù)（如 two-thirds）+of,百分?jǐn)?shù)+of等等。它們的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)依of后名詞而定，名詞是單 數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)；名詞若是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)。A part of the apple is bad.A part of the apples are bad.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.A third of their composition has been corrected.A

28、 third of their compositions have been corrected.Three-fourth of the people are 川iterate.9.從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題（名詞從何，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）1）主語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，主何謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Children interfering in their parents right to remarry has become a social problem.When I can complete it is still unclear.What I said and did is o

29、f no concern to you.2）定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致請(qǐng)認(rèn)真比較下列例句One of those men likes to drive fast.He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast.He is one of those men who like to drive fast.歷年真題：Mr. Well, together with all the members of his family, for Europe thisafternoon.（2004 51）D.A. are to leaveB. are le

30、avingC. is leavingleaveIt is futile to discuss the matter further, because doing to agree uponanything today. (2003 50)A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are就近原則，在neither - nor結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，a)當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。The

31、re is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.b)當(dāng)eitheror與neithernor, 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的 主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

32、The statistics that living standards in the area have improved drastically inrecent times.(2006-62)A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove52. All the Presidents Men one of the important books for historians whostudy the Watergate Scandal.A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remainingof the tw

33、ins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All單項(xiàng)練習(xí)：He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for threeyears.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has beenShe is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is pa

34、ying wellD. are paying wellA library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offeredD. have offeredEither you or the headmaster the prizes to those gifted students at themeeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand outNot on

35、ly I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination afteranother.A. isB. areC. amD. beThe number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent fordifferent reasons.A. were, was B. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,to go to unive

36、rsity.So do I.A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hopedof the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; areEvery possible means to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are used C. has been used D. have bee

37、n usedWhen and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decidedWhen and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decidedJack is so poor that even five doll

38、ars a big sum to him.A. isB. areC. addD. equalPart of the books arrived.A. isB. have C. was D. hasThere in this room.A. are too many rooms B. are too much roomC. are plenty of rooms D. is plenty of roomEvery hour and every minute important.A. isB. have C. was D. willIn some markets there may be only

39、 one seller.is called a monopoly.A. Situation as this B. Such kinds of situationC. Such a situation D. A situation of soBy the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay B. have stayedC. will have stayed D. have been stayingShe resorted to when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolen B. stealC. stoleD. stealingIf Tom wins tomorrow, he thirty races in the past four ye