1、專題 14 it 的用法【考綱解讀】根據(jù)近向幾年高考試題來看， it 一直是考查的重點，尤其是it, that 和 one 不同的指代功能。試題注重情景的設(shè)置， 需要利用特點語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，正確分析結(jié)構(gòu)，理解句意是做此類題目的關(guān)鍵。命題的熱點集中于以下幾個方面: .it/that/one 用法區(qū)別（ it 主要指代前面提到的同一物； one 用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞， 相當(dāng)于 a/an+ 單數(shù)名詞，表泛指概念，往往是同類而同一物； that 用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the 單數(shù) / 不可數(shù)名詞）it用在某些動詞后,如:enjoy,like,dis

2、like,resent,hate,don t mind,be fondof,feel like,see to 之后 , 即這些動詞后面的賓語從句前要加it 代替其后的從句用于強調(diào)句或固定句型（it is/was when/since/before ）中 作形式賓語或形式主語（主要代替ving,to do 或從句）考查it構(gòu)成的習(xí)語，it也常表示抽象的情況，屬于虛指.如:Take it easy.【知識要點】It 的用法（一）作人稱代詞it 代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（ it 代替前面的 cak

3、e ）Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （ it 代替后面的 air ）They say he has left town, but I don t believe it. （it 代替前面 They - town 分句中的情況）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.（ it 代替前面的 tree ）The baby cried because it was hungry.（ i

4、t 代替前面的 baby ）3、在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。. Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.Who is itIt s me.Who are singingIt is the children.- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。.-Do you still have the bicyc

5、le- No, I have sold it.- Is this knife yours- No. It is Xiao Zhang s. Mine isthe one on the desk.5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個。.The climate of South China is mild(溫和的);I like it very much. (it指 the climate of South China )The climate of Sout rh China is much better than that of Japan.(th

6、at指 the climate )(二)作無人稱代詞it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的 內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時間、距離、度量衡及情況等。It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).It is noon.It is a half hour s walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter（三）作強調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強調(diào)?！?It is （was） +所強調(diào)的 成分+ that （who） +其

7、它成分?！痹谶@個句型中，it本身沒有詞義。注意：在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when或where,而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習(xí)中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar. （that 引起強調(diào)句）（when引起時間狀語從句）It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar. （where 弓 I起定從）It was twelve oclock when we arrived thereIt was at twelve oclock that we arr

8、ived there. （that 弓 I 起強調(diào)句）（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語（賓語）為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it ,而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞 it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。.It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It 與 to go there on foot之間夾有 takes half an hou r 四個詞） We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it 與 that 從句中間夾有 strange ）

9、但有時it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。.You may depend on it that they will support you.（因為介詞 on 之后般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯句）（五）.it , one, that的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。-Why dont we take a little break-Didnt we just haveA. itB. that C. one D. thisThe Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work be

10、fore they can move in .A. theyIB. itC. one D. whichone用以指代同類事物中的任一，that特指性強，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過的同一事物。、代詞it用 法例句代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎代替指示代詞，起著this 或that的作用Is this your car N

11、o, it isn t.這是你的汽車嗎.不是。What s that It s a video.那是什么它是一錄像機(jī)。Whose room is this It is theirs.這是誰的房間，是他們的。指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒WhO s there It s me. (It s John)誰在那兒是我。(是約翰)Go and see who it is that rings. It s Bill.去看看是誰來的電話，是比爾。The Greens have a new baby. It s lovely.格林家什-個新生嬰兒。它很可愛。指時間，距離，自然現(xiàn)象（天氣，氣候，明

12、暗）量度，價值等It s Sunday today.今天是星期天。It s three months since he came here.自從他來到這里，已經(jīng)三個月了。How far is it to the Great Wall .到長城后多遠(yuǎn)It s getting dark.天快黑了。 How much is the coatIt s ninety dollars.這件衣服多少錢九十美元。、引導(dǎo)詞it用法例句形式主語代替不定式短語It is up to you to decide.這事要由你決定。It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.

13、聽說你恢復(fù)了健康，這使我很高興。代替動名詞短語It s no good smoking.吸煙沒有好處。It s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的時間來研究那個問題是值得的。代替主語從句It doesn t matter what you do.你干什么者B沒后關(guān)系。It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道這個消息。形式賓語代替不定式短語I consider it better to be early.我認(rèn)為能夠早一些更好。We found it impossib

14、le to get there before July .我們覺得，要在七月以前到達(dá)那里是不可能的。代替動名詞We thought it no use doing that.用法例句短語我們認(rèn)為做那事沒有用。代替賓語從句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .老師清楚地指出，.每個人都應(yīng)該按時交作業(yè)。三、it在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中強調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 其它強調(diào)部分例句說明主語It is I who am to blame.是我該爻責(zé)怪。

15、It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.昨天來的是你叔叔。原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)用 It is that(who)如果原句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，則用 It was that(who)。在強調(diào)時間，地點，原因或方式時 不要用 when, where, how, 必須 用 that 。賓語It was a new pen that Mother gave me .母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。狀語地點It was in the classroomthat I left myumbrella.我把雨傘就落在J教室里。時間It is at eleve

16、n that the train leaves.火車在,點皆禺H。方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。原因It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.正是因為他處境困難我才盡力幫助他。賓It was red that we painted the gate.補我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。It was chairman that they elected him .他們選他擔(dān)任的是主席的職務(wù)?！究键c詮釋】考點it的用法在英語中，運用it的場合

17、較多。從它在句中的作用和意義來看，it的用法可分為三類：1 .指代作用(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。如：Although we cannot see it , there is air all around us .雖然我們看不見空氣， 但它卻在我們的周圍。(2)代替前面的整個句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease, but it isn t true .據(jù)說他已經(jīng)病死了，但這不是真的。(3)用在答語中代替指示代詞this , that。如：一 What is this這是什么一 It s a

18、 bike .是自行車。(4)代替不能或沒有必要區(qū)分性別的或某些習(xí)慣說法中的人。如：The baby cried because it Was hungry .嬰兒哭是因為餓了。(嬰兒習(xí)慣上不區(qū)分性別)一 Who is knocking at the door誰在敲門一 It s me.是我 o(5)指環(huán)境、情形等。如：I can t st and it any long rer.我再也不能容忍這種情況了。Take it easy .別緊張。 It doesn t matter .沒關(guān)系。(6)指度量衡單位、時間、距離、季節(jié)、天氣及自然現(xiàn)象。如： It s getting colder and

19、 colder now . 現(xiàn)在越來越冷了。It is winter now .現(xiàn)在是冬天了。2.形式作用(1)形式主語當(dāng)動詞不定式、形式或從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語之后，而用 it作句子的形 式主語。如：(I)It s no use cryi ng over spilt milk .諺覆水難收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman .諺十年樹木，百年樹人。(2)形式賓語,當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、v-ing形式或賓語從句時，往往把真正的賓語放在補足語后面，而用it作形式賓語，放在賓語補足語之前。如：You must make i

20、t clear to them that the situation is serious. 你必須向他表明形勢是嚴(yán)峻的。）They thou ght it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events .他 們覺得和客人們談近來發(fā)生的事情很困難。特別提示形式賓語用在“主語 +謂語動詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞appreciate , dislike , hate , like , love , make（按時到達(dá)，成功）等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時，往往在從句前 加形式賓語it 。如:1 would appreciate

21、 it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付現(xiàn)金的話，我會不勝感激。The boy Jikes it when you do that .那個男孩喜歡你那樣做。3 .強調(diào)作用it可以用來改變句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分得到強調(diào)。強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： It is/was+ 所強調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。（ 2010 高考英語遼寧卷，33） The fact that she was foreign made difficult forher to get a job in that country A so B. much C. that D. it【答案

22、】D【解析】句意：她是外國人的事實使得她在哪個國家很難找到工作?？疾閕t的用法。句中for her to get a job in that country是動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做 made的賓語，difficult是賓語補足語，此處要用 it做形式賓語，其他詞沒有這種用法。（ 2010 高考英語大綱全國II 卷，14） The doctor thought would be good for youto have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it【暮窠】D【解析】著察土的用法,句意為一醫(yī)生認(rèn)為對你來說休個假很好.,這里首先考察的是 think后接的

23、是一個賓語從句,這個賓語從句里含到了結(jié)構(gòu)父市g(shù)ood for比to如城l在 這里it作的是形式賓諳，豬法比可以作形式主語或者形式民語.（09 四川）6. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy.A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B?！窘馕觥恳馑际牵何蚁矚g這個前面有一個美麗花園的房子，但是我沒有足夠多的錢去把它買下來。第一句話中的 this house表明在該語境中是特指的用法，所以答案為it ,表示特指。該題容易誤選 one,要注

24、意的是one表示泛指?！究键c定位】it/that/one 用法區(qū)別（09 浙江）7. I ve read another book this week.一Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you readthat counts.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it【答案】D【解析】 句中not how much you read but what you read ” 足以做動詞 count 的 主語，所有選D使之構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型?！究键c定位】本題考查強調(diào)句型和名詞性從句。0 09 北京）2. Being a parent

25、 is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with extra stress.A. it B. them C. one D. him1答案】C1解析】本題較難但根據(jù)句意出作二名家長并不是很容易，并且作為一名有著特殊需 要的孩子家長，由于當(dāng)這種特殊需要的核子家長而帶來額外的壓力制翁髓代，也指代 上文 being -the parent of a child with- special neeis 內(nèi)容，carry 的賓語為estxa !也抬, sith it表示原因，

26、防止俁選C.,由此可知選四【考點定位】 考查代詞it用法。（2006 年浙江卷， 4） is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It【答案】D.【解析】本題考查 it作形式主語，代替 that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy , 而其他選項均不可以充當(dāng)形式主語。（2006 年 I

27、, 26） If I can help, I dont like working late into the night.A. so B. that C. it D. them【答案1 C【解析】此題著查讓的特寐用法,北可用于某些動詞之后，無確切的含義，構(gòu)成習(xí)語口 此處Ifl亡止意為,如果我有辦法的活：=有時戲們也可以說成It tail t helped Sc Th?re is uo help fcr it.表示-實在沒有辦法:常見口語中帶A的慣用語工（ycu紀(jì)懂 了，明白了;直了吧，別提了.休想，不可能;DoH tmw山?？谥В▌e人道謝時回答）不 客氣汀ake it easy別急，1S慢來:Fak號it+W間把 定在（某時）：It all depei也那要看借 況而定一 hard to招丫情況很難說一 It uomE一口 nothmg沒什么結(jié)果（2006 年安徽卷， 34） Catherine bought a postcard o