1、第12講英語基本句式英語句型按功能分，可以分為：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；假設(shè)按結(jié)構(gòu)分，可以分為：簡單句、并 列句和復(fù)合句。按功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句一、陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法陳述句:陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達(dá)說話人看法（包括肯定和否認(rèn)）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.陳述句否認(rèn)式的構(gòu)成如果肯定陳述句的謂語局部含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be,那么只需在這些動詞后加not即可構(gòu)成 否認(rèn)式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）他在彈吉他。He is not p

2、laying the guitar.（否認(rèn)）他不在彈吉他。We can get there before dark（肯定）我們能在天黑前到那兒。We cant get thee before dark（否認(rèn)）我們不能在天黑前到那兒。如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，那么需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義 動詞前加dontdoesrft或didnt。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵?。He plays the violin well.（肯定）他拉小提琴拉得好。He doesn*t play the violin well（否認(rèn)）他拉小提請不算好。She won the game.（肯定

3、）她贏了比賽。She didrft win the game.（否認(rèn)）她輸了 比賽。（3）如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是have（有），除了 be利have之后加not之外，句中如果有some 要變?yōu)閍ny。如：There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup-He has some books. He has not any books.（4）除not以外，否認(rèn)詞no,never, nothing,nobody,few等也可構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如：There is something wrong with h

4、is bike.There is nothing wrong with his bike-I have seen the film.1 have never seen the film.二、祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號朗讀A.is thereB isnt thereC. is itD.isnt it11.long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.A.WhatB. What aC. HowD.How a12.Are you going to borrow a dicti

5、onary or a magazine?A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionaryD.Yes, both13.is it from the Childrens Palace to the Railway Station, Tom?About 10 minutes ride by bus.A. How soonB. How longC.How farD.How much14. John isnt a football coach, is he?A.No, but he was B. Yes, he isntC.Yes, he wa

6、sntD.No, he is15.I dont think he will come on time,A.do IB. dont IC.doesnt heD.will he16.-Jane wasnt in when Jack came, was she?,but she returned a few minutes later.A. No, she wasB. No, she wasntC. Yes, she wasD. Yes, she wasnt.17.have you been in Beijing?For five years.A. How manyB . How soonC. Ho

7、w long10.10.There is no water or air on the moon,二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換（對劃線局部提問）（對劃線局部提問）Mr. Black has been in China for six years.has Mr. Black been in China?Both of us do the dishes every day.（改為否認(rèn)句）us does the dishes every day.Jack has already finished reading the book.（改為否認(rèn)句）JackJackreading the book yet.Jenny r

8、ead her first Chinese book on her sixth birthday.（畫線局部提問）Jenny read her first Chinese book?I am interested in writing.（改為否認(rèn)句）I interested in writing.His grandparents live in Shanghai.（對劃線局部提問）his grandparents live?There are some apples in the basket.（改為否認(rèn)句）There apples in the basket. We will turn of

9、f the lights for an hour on Earth Day.（對劃線局部提問）you turn off the lights for an hour?She has bought a new TV for her mother.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?she a new TV for her mother?三、完成句子.你當(dāng)時沒有想到你兒子也許知道這個秘密了嗎？Didnt it to you that your son might be of the secret?不要擔(dān)憂，他會準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)這里。（完成譯句）. He will arrive here on time.不要熬夜，否那么你

10、會在課上打瞌睡Dont, or you will feel sleepy in class.當(dāng)你閱讀時，不要查閱每個生詞。（look）Don*t every word you don*t know while you are reading.能力提升Textl（2022.河北.邢臺市第二中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的 正確形式。My husband and I were watering 1 （flower） in the yard when an old man passing by 2（stop） to talk with us. He asked

11、 us to guess his age and I thought he was 75 years old. However, that was3 （obvious） wrong. He was actually 94! He said he couldnt find people to talk to. I invited him to sit on our bench. I asked him 4 was the secret to his longevity （長壽）.He told me that he had been a rich lawyer before retirement

12、 but he wanted a 5 （peace） mind. Then someone advised him that he should try to help others to have peace of mind.Then, the new friend made a 6 (contribute) to charity. He gave away all his pension (退休金).He said he lived with his son and didnt need the money. He enjoyed 7 (talk) and accepted my offe

13、r of some desserts (甜點).After a few minutes, the desserts for his son 8 (pack) too and he gave me a silk scarf as9 gift. I am grateful for this chance, which makes me know that if you want peace of mind, do be helpful to others. This chance also reminded me 10 a valuable idea: To practice peace!Test

14、 2(2022.黑龍江.雙鴨山一中高一開學(xué)考試)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正 確形式。An American game that has traveled well is basketball. 11 is now played by more than 250 million people worldwide in an 12 (organize) way, as well as by countless others in informal games. Basketball began in 1891, when a minister, 13 (call) J

15、ames Naismith, was asked to teach a class of young men in Springfield, Massachusetts.The class was known 14 being difficult to teach and Naismith was told to invent a new game15 (keep) the young men busy. Then it was winter and very cold outside. It needed to be a game that could be played indoors.N

16、aismith 16 (think) back to his childhood in Canada where he and his friends had played a game which had involved (需要)trying to hit 17 big stone off a rock with smaller stones. He also remembered18 (watch) rugby players throw a ball into a box or fruit basket 19 had been raised up. Naismith made up t

17、he 20(rule) for the game in less than an hour. Most of them still apply in some form today.Test 3(2022.黑龍江.哈師大附中高一開學(xué)考試)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正 確形式。Chinas online food delivery platform Ele.me has carried out a new service of picking up garbage from its users in Shanghai 21 July 2019.The service

18、comes after 22 recently-released regulation on waste management in Shanghai. Individuals 23 throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and 24 (organize) can face fines up to 5,000 yuan.The trash taking service requires residents to sort 25 (they) own gar

19、bage before it 26 (pick) up by workers from Ele.me, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins.Its obvious that this service is 27 (convenience) to the old, especially to the disabled customers. _However, many netizens on Sina Weibo dont think Ele.me is providing a wonderfu

20、l service, saying it just wants 28 (make) money. They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. 29. many more peopledoubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing 30 the trash.Test 4(2022.黑龍江,哈師大附中高一開學(xué)考試)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正 確形式。Amsterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles (機(jī)動車)

21、from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets. The Netherlands 31(make) great efforts to protect the environment sincethe 90s.The Clean Air Action Plan, 32 is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is the newest measure. The new policy is important b

22、ecause air pollution in the Netherlands is above European standards,33 (cause) risks for respiratory (呼吸的)illnesses. nPollution is often a silent 34 (kill)said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible 35 the citys traffic.The city will stop using gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner

23、vehicles. Charging stations 36 (offer) to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will 37(probable) be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars. In Netherland, 30percent of commuter (通勤者) travel by bike. 38. cars are still major sources of particle mat

24、ter pollution.That is 39 they plan to ban all polluting cars.Hopefully, this policy will encourage other cities to ban polluting vehicles as well. In fact, Brussels is already considering 40 (adopt) the policy.第12講英語基本句式英語句型按功能分，可以分為：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；假設(shè)按結(jié)構(gòu)分，可以分為：簡單句、并 列句和復(fù)合句。按功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句一、陳述句

25、的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法陳述句:陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達(dá)說話人看法（包括肯定和否認(rèn)）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.陳述句否認(rèn)式的構(gòu)成如果肯定陳述句的謂語局部含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be,那么只需在這些動詞后加not即可構(gòu)成 否認(rèn)式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）他在彈吉他。He is not playing the guitar.（否認(rèn)）他不在彈吉他。We can get there before dark（肯定）我們能在天黑前到那兒。We cant get thee b

26、efore dark（否認(rèn)）我們不能在天黑前到那兒。如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，那么需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義 動詞前加dontdoesrft或didnt。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵巍e plays the violin well.（肯定）他拉小提琴拉得好。He doesn*t play the violin well（否認(rèn)）他拉小提請不算好。She won the game.（肯定）她贏了比賽。She didrft win the game.（否認(rèn)）她輸了 比賽。（3）如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是have（有），除了 be利have之后加not

27、之外，句中如果有some 要變?yōu)閍ny。如：There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup-He has some books. He has not any books.（4）除not以外，否認(rèn)詞no,never, nothing,nobody,few等也可構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如：There is something wrong with his bike.There is nothing wrong with his MkeI have seen the film.1 have never seen the film

28、.二、祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號朗讀 時一般用降調(diào)。.肯定的祈使句：祈使句主語是you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼 語。Be quiet.You be quiet!“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。Do come back at once!Do be careful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時，必須用逗號與其余局部分開。Open the window, please.(4)let引導(dǎo)祈使句時

29、，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。Let Jack wait a minute. 讓 Jack 等一下。Lets go to school.我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧。(5)在祈使句中，Lefs和Let us是有區(qū)別的。Lefs包括說話者和聽話者，而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。Lefs go skating, shall we?(表示內(nèi)部的建議)我們一起去滑冰吧！Let us try again, will you?(表示向別人發(fā)出請求)讓我們再試一次吧，好嗎？.否認(rèn)祈使句通常以Dont或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:“Dont (Never)+動

30、詞原形+其他成分”。如：Dont do that again!Never leave today*s work for tomorrow!Don*t be late next time!三、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法L一般疑問句：一般疑問句的肯定形式一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have(有)開始，通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問 句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。Do you know Mr. Smith?Can you swim?一般疑問句的否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)在一般疑問句的否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡略

31、形式-nt那么 須將一1rt與一般疑問句句首的be, have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中，一般都采用簡略式。 Are you not a football fan?Arent you a football fan?.Will she not like it?Wont she like it?與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否認(rèn)還是肯定，全由答語的否認(rèn)或肯定來決定。假設(shè) 答語是肯定的，那么用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu);假設(shè)答語是否認(rèn)的，那么用no加否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)。Arent you a football fan?-Yes, I am./No, I am not.Won*t she l

32、ike it?Yes, she will./-No, she wont.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由 疑問代詞修飾時，用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答，讀時用降調(diào)。如：Who is on duty today?How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑問句：詢問職業(yè)、身份:What is your father?He is a doctor.詢問姓名

33、或關(guān)系:一Who is that boy?He is Jack.詢問相貌特征:-What is she like?/What does she look like?She is tall.詢問 目的:一What did they come here for?-To attend a meeting.詢問原因：一Why did they come here?Because they have a meeting to attend.詢 問 天氣:-How is the weather today?/What is the weather like today?Ifs fine.詢問顏色:-Wha

34、t dolor is her skirt?-Its red.詢問尺寸What size does he wear?He wears 40.詢問幾點:一What time is it?-Its 7:30.詢問星期幾:一What day is today?Its Tuesday.詢問日期:What is the date today?Its May 2nd.詢問持續(xù)多長時間:How long have you been here?For five months.詢問長度:一Howlong is the bridge?Its 500 metres.詢問距離（多遠(yuǎn)）:How far is it fro

35、m here to the zoo?Its 6 kilometers.詢問頻度（多經(jīng)常）:一How often do you come back?Once a week.詢問時間經(jīng)過（多快）:-How soon will she arrive?In an week.詢問 數(shù)量：一How many jackets do you have?Three.詢問價格:How much is it?/How much does it cost?Five dollars.詢問高度:一How tall is she?/How high is the tower?She 1.73 metres.Ifs 450

36、metres.選擇疑問句：選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇 局部”。選擇局部由or連接，or前面的局部讀升調(diào)，or后面的局部讀降調(diào)。選擇疑問句不能用ves或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。Is your bag yellow or black? Its black.Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do-Which do you like better, singing or dancing?I like dancing better.反意疑問句：反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后

37、附加一個意思與之相反的簡短問句，問對方是否整同的錯問句。附加問句的 否認(rèn)式必須縮寫。（1）肯定的陳述句后跟否認(rèn)的附加問句，否認(rèn)的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。I am your teacher, arent I? He didnt study hard, did he?（7）如果陳述句中含有否認(rèn)詞never（從不，決不）。hardly（幾乎不），否認(rèn)不定代詞或形容詞，如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，那么附加問句只能用肯定式。如：.They hardly write to each other, do they?He has

38、 found nothing, has he?.Few people knew the secret, did they?當(dāng)反意疑問句是“否認(rèn)陳述句+肯定附加問句”時，英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異，英語回答時只看實際 情況，假設(shè)答語的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語的具體內(nèi)容是否認(rèn)的就用“No+否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)”，而 譯成漢語時，那么必須把yes譯“不是”，把no譯成“是的”。You wont be away fbr long, will you? -Yes,I will/-No, I wont.I dont think shell come by b汰e, will she?Yes,

39、she will/-No she wont四、由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號!”，讀時用降調(diào)，感嘆句往往由what 或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞。what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：What+a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）.What a beautiful city it is!What an interesting story she told!What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）What expensive watches they ar

40、e!.What terrible weather it is!2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（l）How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）How cold it is !How hard he works!How +陳述句（主語+謂語）.How he loves his son!-How I miss you!How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句住語+謂語）How tall a tree it is!這個樹多高?。。?）上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。如：What a clever boy he is !How clever the boy is!.What a cold day it is

41、!How cold it is !句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句簡單句 簡單句就是由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）即一套句子主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句，含有兩個或更多的相互并列的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫做并列各分句靠連詞和逗號、分號來連接，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：（1）分句+并列連詞+分句；（2）分句+分號+分句。復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句又稱主從復(fù)合句，由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句為句子的主體，從句不 能獨立，只能做句子的一個成分。如：He likes English and hates PE.（簡單句）This is the first time she has come to China

42、and she likes here.（并歹U句）When David was waiting for the bus, he saw a little boy crossing the street alone.（復(fù)合句）一、簡單句的五種基本句型LS+V一主語+謂語（不及物動詞），后可跟狀語The bus stopped suddenly.S ViTom hasnt arrived yet.S Vi【注意】有些動詞可用作及物和不及物動詞，用作不及物動詞時與副詞連用，表達(dá)主語的特性，常帶有被 動色彩。如：Her new book sells well.（sell 的主動形式表達(dá)“被賣”）Pro

43、tein digests slowly.（digest 的主動形式表達(dá)“被消化”）Your new pen writes smoothly.（write 的主動形式表達(dá)“被用來寫”）2.S+V+P一主語+系動詞+表語，后可跟狀語連系動詞主要有:be （am/is/are）,look,sound,smell,taste,feel;stay/keep, seem, appear turn/get/become/growo 表語可 以是名詞，形容詞，動詞不定式，V-ing形式，V-cd形式，介詞短語或句子等）。The skirt looks beautiful.S VPMv dream is to

44、be a teacher.S V P【注意】（1）常用于表達(dá)處于某種狀態(tài)的系動詞有beseem,look,appear,feel, sound, smell,taste等。He looks pale and he must fall ill.Lets play football./Sounds great（2 達(dá)“變得”“被證明”的系動詞有 become, get, turn, grow, prove,come 等。It got colder when night came.時一般用降調(diào)。.肯定的祈使句：祈使句主語是you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時可以有主語或

45、稱呼 語。Be quiet.You be quiet!“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。Do come back at once!Do be careful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時，必須用逗號與其余局部分開。Open the window, please.(4)let引導(dǎo)祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。Let Jack wait a minute. 讓 Jack 等一下。Lets go to school.我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧。(5)在祈使句中，Lefs和Let us是有區(qū)別的。Lef

46、s包括說話者和聽話者，而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。Lets go skating, shall we?(表示內(nèi)部的建議)我們一起去滑冰吧！Let us try again, will you?(表示向別人發(fā)出請求)讓我們再試一次吧，好嗎？.否認(rèn)祈使句通常以Dont或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:“Dont (Never)+動詞原形+其他成分”。如：Dont do that again!Never leave todays work for tomorrow!Don*t be late next time!三、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成

47、形式及基本用法L一般疑問句：一般疑問句的肯定形式一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have(有)開始，通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問 句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。Do you know Mr. Smith?Can you swim?His dream came true.Her story proved true.只肉體或精神上由強(qiáng)變?nèi)?，或者指物由好變壞，用如go bad/deaf/madThe meat went bad.The radio has gong wronggo和turn還可用于指人或物顏色的變化。如：He turned /went blue with co

48、ld.他凍得臉色發(fā)青了。(5)turn后可以加年齡或時間，表示到達(dá)或超過某個時間或年齡。He turned 50 last Sunday.Its tuned midnight.*說明:turn還可指變成“什么樣的人”這時候，做表語的名詞前一定不加冠詞。Her parents want her to turn doctor=Her parents want her to become a doctor.(6)常用keep, remain, stay,continue表示“保持“某種狀態(tài)Tom kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his

49、 job.Tom 對這次事故保持沉默，以免丟了工作。* George remained a farmer while his brother went to the city.The corner shop stays open until 11:30 in summer3.S+V+O一主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語:謂語動詞一般為及物動詞，局部不及物動詞后面跟介詞后，也可接 賓語。I like English.S V DOShe likes watching TV.S V DOShe wants to go shopDing.S V DOTom gets to school at 6:00am

50、.S VDOJim is making ajdtS V DO 4. S+V+IO+DO一主語+謂語（雙賓動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語。雙賓語中指人的稱為“間接賓語”，指物的稱為直接賓語”。接雙賓語的動詞有buy, give, show, tell, teach,offer等。一般直接賓語(DO)為物(不能用人稱代詞代替)，間接賓語(10)為人。 以give, lend, tell, send, show, pass為代表的動詞可將間接賓語改為to引導(dǎo)的短語。(to表示“方向”， 側(cè)重動作的方向)如：She gave me a pen.S V 10 DOShe bought him a book.

51、S V 10 DO*說明:此句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為S+V+DO+tofor+IO結(jié)構(gòu)，如上述兩句可分別改為:*She gave a pen me.She bought a book him.(2)以buy, make, sing, cook, get為代表的動詞可將間接賓語改為由for引導(dǎo)的短語。(for表示“為了”，側(cè)重動作的受益者。)Mother bought me a new pair of shoes.=Mother bought a new pair of shoes for me.He cooked us a delicious meal.=He cooked a delicious mea

52、l for us.5.S+V+0+0C一主語+謂語+復(fù)合賓語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要有adj./n./to do/adv./prep.和分詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后原來的賓語變成主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語也變成主語補(bǔ)足語。如：I find English easy.S V o ocThey keep theijLgyes closed.SV o ocShe asked rne to go shopping.S V 0 OCShe makes me laugh.S V 0 OCI wish yqu a good holiday.S V o OCI can hear Tom singing

53、 an English songSV 0 OC(1)感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式變被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)補(bǔ)出too如：He often made his sister cry but today he was made to cry by his sister.當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語的賓補(bǔ)是從句，不定式或動名詞短語時，應(yīng)用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在賓補(bǔ)之后。如：He made it a rule to go jogging every morning.He found it impossible for him to finish the task ahead of time.檢測訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、單項

54、選擇Work hard,you will succeed sooner or later.A. andB. butC. alsoD. or【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：努力工作，你遲早會成功的。A.and和；B. but但是；C.also也；D.or否者。 固定句型：祈使句/名詞詞組，and/or+表示將來的陳述句。此處是遞進(jìn)的并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。應(yīng)選A。Emily, you are playing video games again! Study hard,you will fail in the coming exam.A. thenB. soC. andD. or【答案】D【解析

55、】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：艾米麗，你又在玩電子游戲了！努力學(xué)習(xí)吧，否那么你在接下來的考試 中會不及格的。A. then然后，表順承；B.so所以，表結(jié)果；C and和，表并列；D. or否那么，表條件。本句 是“祈使句+。計陳述句”固定句型，表示在以祈使句為條件下的相反假設(shè)，意為“否那么，要不然”。根據(jù)句意結(jié) 構(gòu)和語境，應(yīng)選D。On May Day, Kelly helped her mother a lot with housework.work she has done!A. What a hard B. What hardC. How a hard D. How hard【答案】B【解析

56、】考查感嘆句。句意：在五一節(jié)，Kelly幫媽媽做了很多家務(wù)。她做了多么艱苦的工作啊!分析句子可知，此 處是一個感嘆句，由名詞work是不可數(shù)名詞，其感嘆句表達(dá)可為what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！ 應(yīng)選B項。Lets go and play football,?一Thats wonderful.A. will youB. do youC. wont weD. shall we【答案】D【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意： 讓我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱?，好嗎？太好了。根?jù)句意可知，空格處應(yīng)用 反意疑問句，“Lets”開頭的句子，反意疑問句應(yīng)用“shall we”，表示征求對方的意見。應(yīng)選D項。一Id l

57、ike to find some information about Hainan Island. Would you please teach me to surf theInternet?With pleasure.A. whatB. whenC. howD. where【答案】c【解析】考查“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意： 我想找一些關(guān)于海南島的資料。你能教我怎么上 網(wǎng)嗎？樂意效勞。A.what什么；B.when什么時候；C.how怎樣，如何；D. where在哪里。分析句子可知，句中涉及“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句中詢問的是上網(wǎng)的方法，故應(yīng)用“how”，意為“怎樣，如 何”

58、。應(yīng)選C項。Put on your coat,you will catch a cold.A. soB. butC. andD. or【答案】D【解析】考查連詞。句意：穿上外套，不然你會感冒的。固定句式，祈使句+。計陳述句（一般將來時）， or意為否那么，不然，結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)選擇D項。the boy is to learn to talk!A. How slowB. How slowly C. What a slow D. What a slowly【答案】A【解析】考查感嘆句。句意：這男孩學(xué)說話真慢！此處感嘆表語slow,應(yīng)用how,構(gòu)成“How+形容詞+主語 +謂語！”句型。應(yīng)選A。. is

59、 the population of Henan?A. How much B. HowC. WhatD. How about【答案】C【解析】考查特殊疑問句。句意:河南有多少人口?A. How much多少；B.How如何；C. What什么；D. How about 什么怎么樣。詢問人口，需用：What9s the population of.?o 應(yīng)選 C。I dont think he will come tonight,A. wont heB. will heC. does heD. doesn*t he【答案】B【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：我認(rèn)為他今晚不會來，會嗎?反意疑問句中，當(dāng)

60、陳述局部為I think （believe, suppose） that等時，疑問局部通常與從句的保持一致，并且要否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移。應(yīng)選B項。There is no water or air on the moon,?A. is thereB. isnt thereC. is itD. isn*t it【答案】A【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：月球上既沒有水也沒有空氣，是嗎?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此題考查反意疑 問句，其構(gòu)成為：陳述局部肯定句+疑問局部否認(rèn)句（即“前肯后否”）;陳述局部否認(rèn)句+疑問局部肯 定句（即“前否后肯”）;本句陳述局部含有否認(rèn)詞no,表示否認(rèn)，所以疑問局部用肯定形式，排除B和D； th