1、精讀5第二版課文翻譯作者：日期：2Book5cataloguesLesson1WhoAreyouandwhatareyoudoinghere1Lesson2Twokinds.10Lesson3Goodsmove.Peoplemove.Ideasmove.Andcultureschange.21Lesson4Professionsfoewomen29Lesson5Loveisafallacy.34Lesson6Thewaytorainymountain.47Lesson7RewritingAmericanhistory.53Lesson8TheMerelyverygood.73Lesson9Al

2、goresNobelpeaceprizeacceptancespeech82Lesson10TheBluestEye.89Lesson11HowNewsbecomesopinionoff-limits101Lesson12TheIndispensableopposition105Lesson1WhoAreyouandwhatareyoudoinghereWelcomeandcongratulations:Gettingtothefirstdayofcollegeisamajorachievement.Youretobecommended,andnotjustyou,buttheparents,

3、grandparents,uncles,andauntswhohelpedgetyouhere.Itsbeensaidthatraisingachildeffectivelytakesavillage:Well,asyoumayhavenoticed,ourAmericanvillageisnotinverygoodshape.Wevegotguns,drugs,twowars,fanaticalreligions,aslime-basedpopularculture,andsomepoliticianswhoalittlerestraintherearentwhattheymightbe.T

4、omerelysurviveinthisAmericanvillageandtowinaplaceintheenteringclasshastakenalotofgritonyourpart.So,yes,congratulationstoall.Younowmaythinkthatyouveaboutgotitmade.Amidsttheimpressivecollegebuildings,incompanywithahigh-poweredfaculty,surroundedbythebestofyourgeneration,allyouneedistokeepdoingwhatyouve

5、donebefore:W/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlorkhard,getgoodgrades,listentoyourteachers,getalongwiththepeoplearoundyou,andyoullemergeinfouryearsasaneducatedyoungmanorwoman.Readyforlife.Donotbelieveit.Itisnottrue.IfyouwanttogetarealeducationinAmericayouregoingtohavetofightandIdontmeanjustfightagainstth

6、edrugsandtheviolenceandagainsttheslime-basedculturethatisstillgoingtosurroundyou.Imeansomethingalittlemoredisturbing.Togetaneducation,youreprobablygoingtohavetofightagainsttheinstitutionthatyoufindyourselfinnomatterhowprestigiousitmaybe.(Infact,themoreprestigioustheschool,themoreyoullprobablyhavetop

7、ush.)YoucangetaterrificeducationinAmericanowthereareastonishingopportunitiesatalmosteverycollegebuttheeducationwillnotbepresentedtoyouwrappedandbowed.Togetit,youllneedve,tostruggletoandstrisomeadmirablepeople.Icametocollegewithfewresources,butoneofthemwasanunderstanding,howevercrude,ofhowImightusemy

8、opportunitiesthere.ThisIbegantodevelopbecauseofmyfather,whohadneverbeento3collegeinfact,hedbarelygottenoutofhighschool.Onenightafterdinner,heandIweresittinginourkitchenat58ClewleyRoadinMedford,Massachusetts,hatchingplansabouttherestofmylife.Iwasabouttogoofftocollege,afeatnooneinmyfamilyhadaccomplish

9、edinlivingmemory.“Ithinkmightwanttobepre-law,”Itoldmyfather.Ihadnoideawhatbeingpre-lawwas.Myfathercompressedhisbrowandblewtwinstreamsofsmoke,dragon-like,fromhismagnificentnose.“Doyouwanttobealawyer?”heasked.Myfatherhadsomeexperiencewithlawyers,andwithpolicemen,too;hewasnotwell-disposedtowardeither.“

10、Imnotreallysure,”Itold/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlim,“butlawyersmakeprettygoodmoney,right?”Myfatherdetonated.(Thatwasnotuncommon.Myfatherdetonatedalot.)HetoldmethatIwasgoingtogotocollegeonlyonce,andthatwhileIwasthereIhadbetterstudywhatIwanted.Hesaidthatwhenrichkidswenttoschool,theymajoredinthesub

11、jectsthatinterestedthem,andthatmyyoungerbrotherPhilipandIwereasgoodasanyrichkids.(Wewererichkidsminusthemoney.)WasntIinterestedinliterature?IconfessedthatIwas.ThenIhadbetterstudyliterature,unlessIhadinsideinformationtotheeffectthatreincarnationwasntjusthype,andIdbeabletoattendcollegethirtyorfortytim

12、es.IfIhadsuchinfo,pre-lawwouldbefine,andmaybeevenatourthroughinvertebratebiologycouldalsobetossedin.ButuntilIhadthereincarnationstufffromasolidsource,Ibettergettoworkandpickoutsome“Howaboutthesciencerequirements?”“Takeemlater,”hesaid,“youneverknow.”Myfather,WrightAukenheadEdmundson,MaldenHighSchoolC

13、lassof1948(byahair),knewthescore.WhathetoldmethateveningattheClewleyRoadkitchentablewastrueinitself,anditalsocontainsthegermofanideaaboutwhatauniversityeducationshouldbe.Butapparentlyalmosteveryoneelsestudents,teachers,andtrusteesandparentsseesthemattermuchdifferently.Theyhaveitwrong.Educationhasone

14、salientenemyinpresent-dayAmerica,andthatenemyiseducationuniversityeducationinparticular.Toalmosteveryone,universityeducationisameanstoanend.Forstudents,thatendisagoodjob.Studentswantthecredentialsthatwillhelpthemgetahead.TheywantthecertificatethatwillgivethemaccesstoWallStreet,orentranceintolawormed

15、icalorbusinessschool.Andhowcanweblamethem?/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlAmericavaluespowerandmoney,bigplayerswithbigbucks.Whenweraiseourchildren,wetelltheminmultiplewaysthatwhatwewantmostforthemissuccessmaterialsuccess.TobepoorinAmericaistobeafailureitstobewithoutdecenthealthcare,withoutbasicnecess

16、ities,oftenwithoutdignity.Thentherearethoseback-breakingstudentloanspeopleleaveschoolasservants,indenturedtopaymassivebills,sothatfirstjobbetterbeagoodone.Studentscometocollegewiththegoalofadiplomainmindwhathappensinbetween,especiallyinclassrooms,isoftenofnodeepanddetermininginteresttothem.4Incolleg

17、e,lifeiselsewhere.Lifeisatparties,atclubs,inmusic,withfriends,insports.Lifeiswhatcelebritieshave.Theideathatthecoursesyoutakeshouldbetheprimaryobjectiveofgoingtocollegeistacitlyconsideredabsurd.Intermsoftheirwork,studentsliveinthefutureand/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlnotthepresent;theylivewiththei

18、rprospectsforsuccess.Ifuniversitiesstoppedissuingcredentials,halfoftheclientswouldbegonebytomorrowmorning,withtheremainderfollowingfastbehind.Thefaculty,too,isoftenabsent:Theirreallivesarealsoelsewhere.Likemostoftheirstudents,theyaimtogeton.Theworktheyarecompelledtodotoadvancegettenure,promotion,rai

19、ses,outsideoffersis,broadlyspeaking,scholarlywork.Nomatterwhatanyonesaysthisworkhaspreciouslittletodowiththefundamentalsofteaching.Theproofisthatvirtuallynoundergraduatestudentscanreadandunderstandtheirprofessorsscholarlypublications.Thepublicsensesthisdisparityandsothinksoftheprofessorsworkasbeings

20、illyorbesidethepoint.Someofitis.Butthepublicalsosensesthatbecauseprofessorsdontpayfull-boreattentiontoteachingtheydonthavetoworkveryhardtheyvecreatedThisisradicallyfalse.Ambitiousprofessors,theoneswho,liketheirstudents,wanttogetaheadinAmerica,workfuriously.Scholarship,evenifpretentiousandalmostunrea

21、dable,isnonethelesslabor-intense.Onecanslaveforayearortwoonasinglearticleforpublicationinthisorthatrefereedjournal.Theseessaysarehonest:Theirfootnotesreflectrealreading,realassimilation,andrealdedication.Shoddyworkinwhichtheauthorcheats,cutscorners,copiesfromothersisquicklydetected.Thepeoplewhodothi

22、sworkhavehighlydevelopedintellectualpowers,andtheypushthemselveshardtoreachacertainstandard:Thattheresultshavealmostnopracticalrelevancetothestudents,thepublic,oreven,frequently,tootherscholarsisacentralelementinthetragicomedythatisoftenacademia.Thestudentsandtheprofes/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.html

23、sorshavemadeadeal:Neitherofthemhastothrowhimselfheartandsoulintowhathappensintheclassroom.Thestudentswritetheirabstract,over-intellectualizedessays;theprofessorsgradethestudentsfortheircapacitytobeabstractandover-intellectualandoftengenuinelysmart.Fortheiressayscanbebrilliant,inachillyway;theycanals

24、obeclippedofftheInternet,andoftenare.Whateverthecase,noonewantstoinvesttoomuchinthemforlifeiselsewhere.Theprofessorsaveshisenergiesfortheprofession,whilethestudentsaveshisforfriends,sociallife,volunteerwork,makingconnections,andgettinginpositiontoclasphandsonthetruegrail,thefirstjob.Nooneinthispictu

25、reisevil;nooneiscriminallyirresponsible.Itsjustthatsmartpeoplearepronetolookintomatterstoseehowtheymightgoaboutbutteringtheirtoast.Thentheybuttertheirtoast.Asfortheadmin/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlistrators,theirrelationtothestudentsoftenseemsbasednotonlovebutfear.Administratorsfearbadpublicity,s

26、candal,anddissatisfactiononthepartoftheircustomers.Morethananythingelse,though,theyfearlawsuits.Throwingastudentoutofcollege,forthisorthatpieceofbadbehavior,isverydifficult,almostimpossible.5Thestudentwillsueyoureyesout.OnekidIknew(andratherliked)threatenedonhisblogtomincehisdearandesteemedprofessor

27、(me)withasamuraiswordforthecrimeofhavingtaughtaboringclass.(TheclasswasalittleboringIhadadamnedcoldbutthepunishmentseemedabitsevere.)ThedeanofstudentslaughedlightlywhenIsuggestedthatthisbehaviormightbegroundsforsendingthestudentonabriefvacation.Iwas,youmightsay,discomfited,andshoweduptoclassforawhil

28、ewithmycellphonejiggeredtodial911withonetouch.Still,thiswassmallpotatoes.Co/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlllegesareevenleeryofdiscipliningguyswhohavecommittedsexualassault,orassaultplainandsimple.Insteadofbeingpunished,theseguysfrequentlystayaround,strollingthequadandswillingthelibations,anaffront(a

29、ndsometimesaterror)totheirvictims.Youllfindthatcheatingiscommonaswell.AsfarasIcandiscern,thestudentethosgoeslikethis:Iftheprofessorissolazythathegivesthesametesteveryyear,itsokaytogoaheadandtakeadvantageyouvebothgotbetterthingstodo.TheInternetisamokwithservicessellingtermpapersandthoseservicesexist,

30、capitalismbeingwhatitis,becausepeoplepurchasethepaperslotsofthem.Fraternityfilesbulgewitholdtestsfromavarietyofcourses.Periodicallythepublicgetsexercisedaboutthissituation,andtherearearticlesinthenationalnews.Buttheninterestdwindlesandmattersgobacktonormal.disgorgeddecorouslysuitednegotiators.Didmyp

31、alfold?Nope,hesnotthetype.Buthedidnotenjoytheprocess.Whatcollegesgenerallywantarewell-roundedstudents,civicleaders,peoplewhoknowwhatthesystemdemands,howtokeepmatterslight,notpushtoohardforaneducationoranythingelse;peoplewhogettheircredentialsandleavetheprofessorsalonetodotheirbrilliantwork,sotheymay

32、riseandenhancetherankingsoftheuniversity.Suchstudentsleaveandbecomedonorsandso,intheirownturn,contributeimmeasurablytotheuniversitysstanding.vedoneafinejobskatingonsurfacesinhighschoolthebestwaytogetanacross-the-boardoutstandingrecordandnowtheyreoncampustocutafewmorefigureeights.Inaculturewherethema

33、joranddeterminingvaluesaremonetary,whatelsecouldyoudo?Howelsewouldyouliveifnotbygettingallyoucan,succeedingallyoucan,makingallyoucan?Theideathatauniversityeducationreallyshouldhavenosubstantialcontent,shouldnotbeaboutwhatJohnKeatswasdisposedtocallSoul-making,isonethatyoumightthinkprofessorsanduniver

34、sitypresidentswouldbediscreetabout.Notso.ThisviewinformedanaddressthatRichardBrodheadgave6totheseniorclassatYalebeforehedepartedtobecomepresidentofDuke.Brodhead,animpressive,articulateman,seemstotakeashiseducationaltouchstonetheDukeofWellingtonspreceptthattheBattleofWaterloowaswonontheplayingfieldso

35、fthecoursesisntreallywhatmatters.Infiveyears(orfivemonths,orminutes),thestudentislikelytohaveforgottenhowtodotheproblemsetsandwillonlyhazilyrecollectwhathappensintheninthbookofParadiseLost.Thelegacyoftheircollegeyearswillbealegacyofdifficultiesovercome.Whentheyfaceequallyarduoustaskslaterinlife,stud

36、entswilltaptheiroldresourcesofdetermination,andtheyllwin.Allright,theresnothingwrongwiththisasfarasitgoesafterall,thestudentwhowritesabrilliantfortythesisinahardweekhaslearnedmorethanalittleaboutherinnerresources.Maybeitwillgiveherneededconfidenceinthefuture.Butdoesntthecontentofthecoursesmatteratal

37、l?Ontheevidenceofthistalk,no.Tryingtofigureoutwhetherthestuffyougistrueorfalseandrereadinfraught,controversialactivity.Doingsorequiresenergyfromtheprofessorwhichisbetterspentonothermatters.Thiskindofperspective-alteringteachingandlearningcancausethethingswhichadministratorsfearaboveallelse:trouble,a

38、rguments,badpress,etc.Afterthekid-samuraiepisode,thechairofmydepartmentnotunsympatheticallysuggestedthatthiswasthesortofincidentthatcouldhappenwhenyoubroughtacertainintensitytoteaching.AtthetimeIfoundhisremarkataddetached,butmaybehewasright.So,ifyouwantaneducation,theoddsarentwithyou:Theprofessorsar

39、eoffdoingwhattheycalltheirownwork;theotherstudents,whovedopedoutthewaytheplaceruns,arebusyleavingtheprofessorsprimaryfunctionofYaleUniversity,itrecentlybeensaid,istocreateprosperousalumnisoastoenrichYaleUniversity.Sowhymaketrouble?Whynotjustgoalong?Lettheprofsroamfreeintherealmsofpurethought,letyour

40、selvespartyintherealmsofimpurepleasure,andletthestudent-servicesgangassertfewerprohibitionsandnewerdelightsforyou.Youllgetagoodjob,youllhaveplentyoffriends,youdrivewayofyourown.Youllalso,ifmyfatherandIareright,betrulyandrighteouslyscrewed.Thereasonforthisissimple.Thequestatthecenterofaliberal-artsed

41、ucationisnotaluxuryquest;itsanecessityquest.Ifyoudonotundertakeit,youriskleadingalifeofdesperationmaybequiet,maybe,intime,veryloudandI7/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlamnotexaggerating.Foryourisktryingtobesomeoneotherthanwhoyouare,which,inthelongrun,iskilling.Bythetimeyoucometocollege,youwillhavebeen

42、toldwhoyouarenumberlesstimes.Yourparentsandfriends,yourteachers,yourcounselors,yourpriestsandrabbisandministersandimamshaveallhadtheirsay.Theyveletyouknowhowtheysizeyouup,andtheyveletyouknowwhattheythinkyoushouldvalue.Theyvegivenyouasharpandprotractedtasteofwhattheyfeelisgoodandbad,rightandwrong.Muc

43、hisontheirside.Theyhaveconfrontedyouwithscripturesholybooksthat,whatevertheiractualprovenance,havegivenpeoplewhattheyfeeltobewisdomforthousandsofyears.Theyvegivenyoufamilytraditionsyouvelearnedthewaysofyourtribeandyourcommunity.And,too,youvebeentested,probed,lookedatupanddownandthrough.Thecoachknows

44、whatyourathleticprospectsare,scoresthatrelegateyoutothisorthatabilityquadrant,andyourteachershavegotyoupegged.Youare,asFoucaultmightsay,theintersectionofmanyevaluativeandpotentiallydeterminingdiscourses:youboy,yougirl,havebeenmade.AndcontraFoucaultthatsnotsobad.Embeddedinallofthemajorreligionsarepro

45、foundtruths.Schopenhauer,whodespisedbeliefintranscendentthings,nonethelessthoughtChristianitytobeofinexpressibleworth.HecouldneintbelievthedivinityofJesus,orintheafterlife,buttoSchopenhauer,adeeppessimist,areligionthathadasitscentralemblemthefigureofamanbeingtorturedonacrosscouldntbeentirelymisleadi

46、ng.TotheChristian,Schopenhauersaid,painwasatthecenteroftheunderstandingoflife,andthatwasjustasitshouldbe.OnedoesnotneedtobeasharshasSchopenhauertounderstandtheuseofrel/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmligion,evenifonedoesnotbelieveinanotherworldlygod.Andallofthoseteachersandcounselorsandfriendsandthepro

47、gnosticatinguncles,theditheringaunts,thefathersandmotherswiththeirhopesforyourfulfillmentortheirfulfillmentinyoushouldnotnecessarilybecastasideorignored.Familieshavetheirwisdom.Thequestion“Whodotheythinkyouareathome?”isneveranidleone.Themajorconservativethinkershavealwaysbeenveryseriousaboutwhatgoes

48、bythenameofcommonsense.EdmundBurkesawcommonsenseasalooselymade,butoftenprofound,collectivework,inwhichhumanityhasdepositeditshard-earnedwisdomtheprecipitateofjoyandtearsovertime.Youhavebeenraisedinproximitytocommonsense,ifyouvebeenraisedatall,andcommonsenseissomethingtorespect,thoughnotquitepeaceunt

49、otheformidableBurketorevere.Youmaybeallthatthegoodpeoplewho/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlraisedyousayyouare;youmaywantalltheyhaveshownyouisworthwanting;youmaybesomeonewhoistrulyyourfatherssonoryourmothersdaughter.Butthenagain,youmaynotbe.Forthepowerthatisinyou,asEmersonsuggested,maybenewinnature.Yo

50、umaynotbethepersonthatyourparentstakeyoutobe.Andthisthoughtisbothmoreexcitingandmoredangerousyoumaynotbethepersonthatyoutakeyourselftobe,either.Youmaynothavereadyourselfaright,andcollege8“alienatedmajesty.”Readingthegreatwriters,youmayhavetheexperiencethatLonginusassociatedwiththesublime:Youfeelthat

51、youhaveactuallycreatedthetextyourself.Forsomehowyourpredecessorsaremoreyourselfthanyouare.Thiswasmyownexperiencereadingthetwowriterswhohaveinfluencedmethemost,SigmundFreudandRalphWaldoEmerson.TheygavewordstothoughtsandfeelingsthatIhadneverbeenabletorendermyself.Theyshonealightontotheworldandwhatthey

52、saw,suddenlyIsaw,too.FromEmersonIlearnedtotrustmyownthoughts,totrustthemevenwheneveryvoiceseemstobeontheotherside.Ineedthewherewithal,asEmersondid,tosaywhatsonmymindandtotaketheinevitablehits.MuchmoreIlearnedfromthesageaboutcharacter,aboutloss,aboutjoy,aboutwritingcontinuetoholdinmindoneofEmersonsmo

53、stmemorablepassages:“Society-stockcompany,isjointinwhichthemembersagree,forthebettersecuringofhisbreadtoeachshareholder,tosurrenderthelibertyandcultureoftheeater.Thevirtueinmostrequestisconformity.Self-relianceisitsaversion.Itlovesnotrealitiesandcreators,butnamesandcustoms.”Emersonsgreatnessliesnoto

54、nlyinshowingyouhowpowerfulnamesandcustomscanbe,butalsoindemonstratinghowexhilaratingitistobuckthem.WhenhecametoHarvardtotalkaboutreligion,heshockedtheprofessorsandstudentsbychallengingthedivinityofJesusandthetruthofhismiracles.Hewasntinvitedbackfordecades.FromFreudIfoundagreatdealtoponderaswell.Idon

55、tmeanFreudtheaspiringscientist,buttheFreudwhowasaspeculativeessayistandinterpreterofthehumannearlyeverysignificanthumanideal.Hegoesafterreligion.Hesaysthatitcomesdowntothelongingforthefather.Hegoesafterlove.Hecallsit“theoverestimationoftheeroticobject.”Heattacksourdeforcharismaticpopularleaders.Were

56、drawntothembecausewehungerforabsoluteauthority.Hedeclaresthatdreamsdontpredictthefutureandthattheresnothingbenevolentaboutthem.Theydisguisedfulfillmentsofrepressedwishes.Freudhassomethingchallengingandprovokingtosayaboutvirtuallyeveryhumanaspiration.IlearnedthatifIwantedtoaffirmanyconsequentialideal

57、,IhadtotalkmywaypastFreud.Hewasandisaperpetualchallengeandgoad.Neverhastherebeenamoreshrewdandimaginativecartographerofthepsyche.Hisseparationoftheselfintothreeparts,andhissenseofthefraught,anxious,butoftennegotiablerelations/b436ae4d256db091cd1ac78ea.htmlamongthem(negotiablewhenyou9cometothegamewit

58、haFreudianknowledge),doesagreatdealtohelponenavigateexperience.(ThoughsometimesandthisIowetoEmersonitseemsrighttoletthepsychefallintocivilwar,acceptingbarragesofanxietyandgriefforthisorthatgoodreason.)Thebattleistomakesuchwritersonesown,towinnowthemoutandtofindtheiressentialtruths.Weneedtoseewhereth

59、eyfallshortandwheretheyexceedthemark,andthentodevelopthemalittle,astheideasthemselves,onecomestosee,actuallydevelopedothers.(BothEmersonandFreudliveoutofShakespearebutonlyagiantcanbetrulyinfluencedbyShakespeare.)Inreading,Icontinuetolookforonethingtobeinfluenced,tolearnsomethingnew,tobethrownoffmyco

60、urseandontoanother,betterway.Myfatherknewthathewasdissatisfiedwithlife.Heknewthatnoneofthedescriptionspeoplehadforalwaysout-of-jointwithlifeasitwas.Hehadtalent:MybrotherandIeachgotabouthalftherawabilityhepossessedandthatstakenusthroughlifewellenough.Butwhattodowiththattalenttherewastherubformyfather