1、專題一詞法篇第2講名詞高考感知1(2021全國新高考卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _ (human) are.【答案與解析】1humans考查名詞。句意：你在(黃山)山頂一旦看到滾滾的云浪，就會提醒自己，我們人類是多么的渺小。根據(jù)空格后面的動詞are可知，這里的human要用復數(shù)形式。2(2021全國新高考卷)A company _ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switchin

2、g over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.【答案與解析】2 representative考查名詞。句意：一個公司代表回信告訴我，這家航空公司正在其1200個航班上將塑料杯更換為紙杯。由后面的“wrote back and told me”可知，此句中的主語是a company representative(公司代表)，company是名詞作定語，修飾后面的名詞。故填representative。3(2021全國新高考卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, bu

3、t we stopped at the different gates and _(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.【答案與解析】3watchtowers考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前面的 “gates and”可知，此處也要用復數(shù)形式，與前面的gates保持一致。故填watchtowers。4(2021全國新高考卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the tr

4、aveler to become educated about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _(develop) of the local areas.【答案與解析】4development考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結構可知，“the _ (develop) of the local areas”是動詞benefits的賓語，結合空格前面的the可知，這里

5、要用其名詞形式。故填development。5(2020全國卷改編)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with _(chopstick)【答案與解析】5chopsticks考查名詞。句意：下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗里，然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞，意為“筷子”，通常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。故填chopsticks。6(2020浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the_(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas

6、, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.【答案與解析】6seasons考查名詞。句意：后來，他們學會了因地制宜，在適當?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為可數(shù)名詞，應用復數(shù)形式。故填seasons。7(2020全國卷)The far side of the moon is of particular_(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so than the fa

7、miliar near side.【答案與解析】7interest考查詞形轉化。句意：月球背面讓科學家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應填名詞，be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。8(2020全國卷)Chinese New Year is a _ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案與解析】8celebration考查詞形轉化。句意：中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接

8、名詞形式。故填celebration。9(2020全國卷改編)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer _(vacation)【答案與解析】9vacation考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意：幸運的是，兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子，vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數(shù)名詞，后面不可加s表示復數(shù)。summer vacation 譯為“暑假”，是固定搭配。10(2020全國新高考卷)Historical _(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案與解析】10accuracy考查名詞。句意：

9、歷史的準確性很重要，但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語，位于形容詞historical之后，應使用名詞，意為“歷史的準確性”。故填accuracy。考情分析1給出名詞提示詞，考查名詞的數(shù)；2給出其他詞性的提示詞(通常為動詞、形容詞)，填寫名詞；3名詞的固定搭配?？键c突破考點一規(guī)則名詞的6種復數(shù)變化形式變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouthmouths以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglassglasses, matchmatches以輔音字母-y結尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountrycountries, factoryfactories變化規(guī)則例詞以元音字母-y結尾的

10、名詞在詞尾直接加-sholidayholidays，monkeymonkeys以-o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-sphotophotos有些在詞尾加-espotatopotatoes以-f，-fe結尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v再加-esselfselves，wolfwolves少數(shù)直接加-sbeliefbeliefs考點二可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的3種不規(guī)則變化形式變化規(guī)則例詞單復數(shù)同形deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish變內部元音footfeet, toothteeth, mousemi

11、ce，manmen, womanwomen外來名詞mediummedia(媒體), phenomenonphenomena (現(xiàn)象), analysisanalyses (分析)特別注意fish表示“魚肉”時，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“條數(shù)”時，其復數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同；但表示不同種類的魚時，其復數(shù)形式為fishes?？键c三合成名詞復數(shù)的2類變化形式1若有中心詞，則把中心詞變成復數(shù)；若無中心詞，則把最后一個詞變成復數(shù)。passerbypassersby, sisterinlawsistersinlaw, grownupgrownups2“man/womann.”變復數(shù)時，作定語的man/woman和

12、中心詞都要變復數(shù)，如：women engineers?？键c四常見的24個不可數(shù)名詞單詞詞義單詞詞義fun樂趣homework家庭作業(yè)progress進步equipment設備bread面包wealth財富knowledge知識room空間work工作weather天氣music音樂news新聞；消息單詞詞義單詞詞義traffic交通meat肉word消息luck運氣advice建議housework家務information信息furniture家具milk牛奶baggage/luggage行李orange橙汁man人類考點五抽象名詞的具體化抽象名詞(不可數(shù))具體化(表達個體概念時，是可數(shù)名詞

13、)surprise 驚訝a surprise 一件令人驚訝的事success 成功a success 一個(件) 成功的人(事)honour 榮譽an honour 一個(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure 失敗a failure 一個(件) 失敗的人(事)beauty 美；美麗a beauty 美麗的人或事物pleasure 樂趣a pleasure 一件樂事考點六名詞的修飾語名詞可以由名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、個別副詞、介詞短語或從句等來修飾，使名詞的語意更明確、更完整。表示數(shù)量的名詞修飾語通常有三類：(1)只修飾可數(shù)名詞few 很少幾個，幾乎沒有a few 幾個several 幾個many

14、很多many a 很多a number of 若干(2)只修飾不可數(shù)名詞little 很少，幾乎沒有a little 一點much 很多a good/great deal of 很多a bit of 一點a large amount of 大量的(3)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞some 一些a lot of 很多l(xiāng)ots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足夠的most 大多數(shù)的the rest 剩下的all 全部的quantities of 大量的a quantity of 大量的a mass of 大量的masses of 大量的考點七名詞的構詞法1形容詞變名詞的后

15、綴后綴例詞-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率 fluentfluency流利accurateaccuracy準確性privateprivacy私密-domfreefreedom自由wisewisdom明智；智慧后綴例詞-cedifferentdifference差異silentsilence沉默-nessweakweakness弱點kindkindness仁慈carelesscarelessness粗心大意darkdarkness黑暗-thstrongstrength力氣；強項warmwarmth溫暖；熱情truetruth真實wide

16、width寬后綴例詞-y-ty-itydifficultdifficulty困難cruelcruelty殘酷；殘暴safesafety安全disabledisability無能；殘疾responsibleresponsibility責任2動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapproveapproval批準arrivearrival到來survivesurvival幸存proposeproposal提議-anceappearappearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guideguidance指引；指導performperformance表演；節(jié)目-enceexistexistence存在；生存preferpre

17、ference偏愛referreference參考；查閱后綴例詞-ionattractattraction吸引constructconstruction建設educateeducation教育evaluateevaluation評估graduategraduation畢業(yè)discussdiscussion討論-ationexpectexpectation期待；期望explainexplanation解釋considerconsideration考慮imagineimagination想象力starvestarvation挨餓inviteinvitation邀請；請柬后綴例詞-(s)sionde

18、cidedecision決定admitadmission接納；準許入學-inghearhearing聽力beginbeginning開始-mentachieveachievement功績；成就argueargument辯論；論據(jù)treattreatment對待；治療equipequipment設備-urefailfailure失敗presspressure壓力后綴例詞-turemixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture離開；出發(fā)-yrecoverrecovery恢復；痊愈discoverdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他growgrowth成長；發(fā)展choosechoice選擇va

19、ryvariety多樣化tendtendency趨勢3表示“人”的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。常見的表示“人”的后綴有：后綴例詞-erteachteacher老師villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人-arlieliar說謊者-eeemployemployee雇員interviewinterviewee被面試者traintrainee受訓練人；學員后綴例詞-orinventinventor發(fā)明家actactor男演員educateeducator教育家；教師-essactactress女演員godgoddess女神hosth

20、ostess女主人；女主持人-eseChinaChinese中國人JapanJapanese日本人-anAmericaAmerican美國人AustraliaAustralian澳大利亞人后綴例詞-ianmusicmusician音樂家historyhistorian歷史學家politicspolitician政治家；政客-istnovelnovelist小說家specialspecialist專家tourtourist旅行者；觀光者-antserveservant仆人participateparticipant參加者assistassistant助手；圖書管理員技巧點撥語法填空解題“3定向”

21、1根據(jù)修飾詞確定名詞的單復數(shù)形式(1)不定冠詞a, an后用名詞單數(shù)形式；(2)有these, those, several, many, all, both, a pair of, a variety of, different或數(shù)詞等修飾時，名詞用復數(shù)形式；(3)名詞前有one of, among時用名詞復數(shù)形式。2根據(jù)謂語動詞確定名詞的單復數(shù)形式名詞作主語時，如果一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語動詞是動詞原形或are，要考慮用名詞的復數(shù)形式。3根據(jù)常識和句意確定名詞的單復數(shù)形式表示兩個(或兩個以上)的可數(shù)名詞及并列名詞時，名詞需用復數(shù)形式。對點特訓.單句語法填空1This mode of travel

22、provided _(protect) from robbers who might attempt to rob the valuable goods being transported.2Nowadays，the traditional material has taken on a modern look in the_(hand)of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition.【答案】1protection2hands3When visiting the home of a colleague from

23、one of these_(country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.4The fare depends on distance, and is payable to the _(conduct) of buses.【答案】3countries4conductors5It was he who first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without _(consider) of their so

24、cial status.6This was highly unusual given that the birds normally preferred to observe humans from a _(distant)【答案】5consideration6distance7Its aim is to honour and celebrate Americas children and stress the _(important) of love as they grow up.8Ordinary people soon decided that putting fried fish a

25、nd chips together was a very tasty _(combine) and so was born the dish of fish and chips!【答案】7importance8combination9It has been described as one of the “seven _ (wonder) of the modern world” by the Guardian.10They might not be used to having total _(free) in how they plan their days and nights.【答案】

26、9wonders10freedom.寫作運用1昨天我去了老師的辦公室。_【答案】1I went to the teachers office yesterday.2幾天后，我把手表拿回來了。_3在過去的5年里，這里發(fā)生了一些變化。_【答案】2Several days later, I got my watch back.3Some changes have taken place in the past five years.4每個硬幣都有兩面(即每件事情都有兩面性)。_5我們應該努力克服困難。_【答案】4Every coin has two sides.5We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.語法填空Sometimes we have 1_(agreement) with people.When this happens，the important thing is to try not to let a calm 2_(discuss) turn into a heated quarrel