1、2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試北京卷英語(yǔ)第一局部知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題;每題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The womans eye fell on the mans

2、 face, and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 . The woman looked over at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fir

3、e in her eyes. I was beginning to get 4 , too.The train moved on. The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to 6 the half-open window 一 one leg went over it. The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the

4、woman. She seemed to be in 9 , and then reality dawned （顯現(xiàn)）.Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window/1 the man said as he gave the child back to her. So I have been watching the whole time/ The woman was 10 , and so was I.l.A. guiding.A. adjusted.A. air.A. nervous.A.

5、 almost.A. drag.A. grabbed.A. alarm.A. sorrow.A. astonishedB. botheringB. changedBJoyB. embarrassedB. stillB. climbB. rockedB. quarrelB. reliefconfusedwatchingC. packedC. spaceC. angryC. hardlyC. knockC. touchedriskD. monitoringwavedD. restD. disappointedD.evenD. pushD. pickedD. noiseC. panicC. conc

6、ernedD. painD. inspired第二節(jié)（共10小題;每題1.5分，共15分）閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括 號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Why do we dream? Scientists arent completely sure, and they have diverse 11 （idea）. Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 12 happe

7、ned during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.BSam is an in-real-life streamer （播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 14 a cold night, he came acros

8、s a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her home.C地傳達(dá)了絕望和需要的面孔時(shí)，作者決定加入這一組織;再根據(jù)尾段可知，通過(guò)加入這一組織，作者影響了十名伊拉

9、克 兒童。據(jù)此可以推知，第一印象并不可信。故B項(xiàng)正確?！倦y句分析】When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.(Para. 3)分析:該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;we had collected為省略了 that的定語(yǔ)從句，該從句修飾 先行詞supplies;it hit sb. that為固定句型，意為某人突然想到

10、n,it為形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句;we were to build that day為省略了 that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞kit。譯文:當(dāng)我看到我們提供的各種物資時(shí)，我突然想到，我們那天要做的每一套用具最終都將送到伊拉克兒童的手 中。【高級(jí)句式】I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(學(xué)期)project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.(Para. 1)分析:該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中wh

11、en引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the day。C語(yǔ)篇類型:議論文主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然災(zāi)害防范全球崩潰文章大意:本文介紹了極端天氣、食品不平安和飲用水短缺等問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球崩潰，并且許多領(lǐng)域的研究者們一致 認(rèn)為這樣的情況很可能在本世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)。幾百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者發(fā)出警告:政策制定者和我們其他所有人必須公 開(kāi)參與，努力降低全球崩潰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。核心素養(yǎng):本文旨在引導(dǎo)考生從人類命運(yùn)共同體的視角看待人類社會(huì)開(kāi)展中存在的問(wèn)題。地球只有一個(gè)，唯有居安思 危、通力合作，才能有效化解全球性危機(jī)給人類文明帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)。.D【命題意圖】考查理解詞匯的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥扛鶕?jù)第三段第一句可知，在當(dāng)前技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的一些國(guó)家，新冠

12、肺炎疫情仍未得到控制,經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)蔓延，因 此，呼吁公眾參與這些不可思議的事情是尤為恰當(dāng)?shù)?，故D項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線詞的意義最為接近。germane”貼切，恰當(dāng)，與 有密切關(guān)系”;relevant”緊密相關(guān)的，切題的，.A【命題意圖】考查理解觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥扛鶕?jù)第五段中的And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.turn out fine”可知, 人們很可能選擇忽視這些警示信息，我們都希望事情能順利，由此可推斷，這會(huì)讓作者感到很擔(dān)憂，故A項(xiàng)正確。.B【命題意圖】考查推斷的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥拷Y(jié)合語(yǔ)境可

13、知，”正如一位詩(shī)人寫(xiě)的”是為了說(shuō)明作者前面的觀點(diǎn)，因此作者對(duì)于這一觀點(diǎn)是贊成的，故B 項(xiàng)正確?！竞诵膯卧~】Para. 3: unthinkable 6.難以想象的;不可思議的 Para. 5: disturbance .干擾;動(dòng)亂【核心短語(yǔ)】Para. 6: make the best of充分利用【詞綴變形】Para. 1: credible M.可靠的,可信的credibility .可信性一incredible M.難以置信的;極好的 Para. 3:flexibility .靈活性;彈性flexible必.靈活的;柔韌的;可彎曲的Para. 4: originator幾倉(cāng)始人;創(chuàng)造者;

14、提出者originate u.起源;創(chuàng)造origin .起源;源頭Para. 5: severity九嚴(yán)重嚴(yán)格;猛烈-severe M.嚴(yán)峻的;艱巨的;十分嚴(yán)重的 Para. 6: preparedness九準(zhǔn)備好的狀態(tài);愿意prepared。力準(zhǔn)備好prepare也使做好準(zhǔn)備D語(yǔ)篇類型:議論文主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然時(shí)間新的計(jì)時(shí)方式文章大意:時(shí)間并不是一個(gè)絕對(duì)值，沒(méi)有人可以很準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)出時(shí)間。作者最近提出了一種新的計(jì)時(shí)方式，以自然活動(dòng) 為參考來(lái)記錄時(shí)間，從而增強(qiáng)人們關(guān)愛(ài)自然、與自然和諧相處的意識(shí)。核心素養(yǎng):本文介紹了一種特殊的計(jì)時(shí)方式。這種計(jì)時(shí)方式表達(dá)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中“天人合一”的思想內(nèi)涵，有助于人

15、 們認(rèn)識(shí)到人與自然和諧相處的意義和價(jià)值。31.B【命題意圖】考查理解段落主旨要義的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥康谝欢蔚那皟删淞信e圣奧古斯丁和愛(ài)因斯坦的例子是為了說(shuō)明最后一句Even advanced physics can decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking”,由此可知本段主要講每個(gè)人都 有自己判斷時(shí)間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。.D【命題意圖】考查理解目的的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥扛鶕?jù)第二段中的三個(gè)問(wèn)句和第三段首句中的“a new approach”可知,這些問(wèn)題的提出都是為

16、了引出下一 段中作者提出的計(jì)時(shí)方法，故D項(xiàng)”介紹一種方法”正確。.C【命題意圖】考查推斷的能力。【答案分析】根據(jù)第三段中的If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you71! see the opposite effect”可以推斷，如果將來(lái)河流的平均流速更快，那么河流時(shí)間會(huì)比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間 （原子表）走得快，反之亦然，故C項(xiàng)正確。.C【命題意圖】考查推斷的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥扛鶕?jù)第四段中的Anyone who op

17、ts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies”可以推斷，我們應(yīng)該與自然和諧相處，故 C 項(xiàng)正確?！竞诵膯卧~】Para. 1: state-of-the-art。的.最先進(jìn)的Para. 4: counteract也抵消;抵抗【核心短語(yǔ)】Para. 2: what if假使將會(huì)怎么樣Para. 4: in relation to關(guān)于;涉及【詞綴變形】Para. 1: decisively odu.果斷

18、地;堅(jiān)決地decisive。4.決定性的;果斷的;堅(jiān)決的 Para. 3: conceptualize v. 將概念化conceptual 力.概念的第二節(jié)語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)音樂(lè)與健康音樂(lè)有利于身心健康語(yǔ)境概述:本文主要介紹了聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)促進(jìn)我們的心理健康，對(duì)我們的身心有很大的益處。.F考查上下文銜接。空前一句講到了對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)音樂(lè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被認(rèn)為是一種令人愉悅的消遣方式，空后一句 講到了音樂(lè)對(duì)心理健康的益處是不容置疑的，所以空處應(yīng)與音樂(lè)對(duì)于心理健康的益處有關(guān)，因此F項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.B考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后講到的”然而，出于相同的理由，如果有人痛苦難耐，音樂(lè)是非常有益的”和Howev

19、er 一詞可推知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是音樂(lè)的壞處，因此B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.D考查上下文銜接。本段第一句講到了很多人喜歡在晚上睡覺(jué)前聽(tīng)舒緩的音樂(lè)，空后講到了盡管這種觀念的有 效性仍待評(píng)估，因此空處講到的應(yīng)該是晚上睡覺(jué)前聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的好處，因此D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.G考查上下文銜接。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處講到的是一項(xiàng)研究,所以空處講到的應(yīng)該是參與者的研究表現(xiàn)，且空后一 句講到了當(dāng)音樂(lè)的速度減慢時(shí)，他們的壓力和焦慮水平會(huì)變得較低,對(duì)心率的影響似乎也變小了。由此可推知，空處講 到的應(yīng)該是音樂(lè)較快時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，因此G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.E考查上下文銜接。結(jié)合空后講到的但是將收音機(jī)開(kāi)大音量可能對(duì)其他一系列健康問(wèn)題有益可知，空處講到的 應(yīng)該

20、是音樂(lè)的好處，因此E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。第三局部書(shū)面表達(dá)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)篇類型:議論文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)人際交往論辯的重要性語(yǔ)境概述:本文主要介紹了作為解決問(wèn)題的一種方式，“論辯”對(duì)于健康有很多好處。.Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.【命題意圖】考查理解具體信息的能力。【答案分析】 根據(jù)第二段中的Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and

21、 issues related to those concerns”可知，論辯就是和對(duì)方陳述你的擔(dān)憂，討論與這些擔(dān)憂相關(guān)的感受和事情。41.It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.【命題意圖】考查理解具體信息的能力。【答案分析】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的This may be because more life experience.what does not”可知，隨著年齡和閱歷的 增加,我們會(huì)越來(lái)越明白生活當(dāng)中什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。42.Resolving a

22、rguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.【命題意圖】考查推斷的能力?！敬鸢阜治觥扛鶕?jù)第三段中的“When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity （情緒反

23、響）of those who avoided an argument”可知,解決爭(zhēng)端會(huì)讓情緒反響減半，故increases your reactivity局部錯(cuò)誤, 正確表達(dá)應(yīng)為“Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivityno43.Besides, resolving an argument can eliminate bigger problems or troubles when they are still small. Lastly, it can also be of benefit for the atmosphere

24、 of the whole team if you are in one, as you can have a deeper understanding of each other.【命題意圖】考查推斷的能力。【答案分析】解決爭(zhēng)端還有其他的好處，如將問(wèn)題消滅在萌芽狀態(tài)、促進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì)氣氛和加深彼此了解等,考生也可根據(jù) 自己的理解合理拓展。第二節(jié)【寫(xiě)作思路】.寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：原因因生病無(wú)法赴約；建議下周六去2022北京冬奧會(huì)舉辦地之一張家口游玩。.無(wú)法赴約類書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作框架：正文一般要求在第一段先表達(dá)歉意;第二段介紹無(wú)法赴約的原因及補(bǔ)救措施等;最后再次表達(dá)歉意并希望對(duì)方回復(fù)。 【范文賞讀】Dear Jim,

25、Im sorry that I wont be able to go hiking with you this Saturday（賓語(yǔ)從句）.I began to cough yesterday morning, so I went to see a doctor. She told me it was a bad cold, and I would have to stay at home for a few days. Td really like to spend some time with you. Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zha

26、ngjiakou next Saturday? Its one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Please let me know what you think of my idea（賓語(yǔ)從 句）.Again, Im so soiry about the inconvenience. Hope to hear from you soon.Li HuaThere 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 yea

27、rs, 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 （result） in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings s

28、how a critical need 20 （invest） in disaster prevention. 第二局部閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分） 第一節(jié)（共14小題;每題2分，共28分）閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship （實(shí)習(xí)）at UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have complet

29、ed your full-time university studies; orYou are studying in a graduate program for a masters degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.What are the requirements?You must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good comma

30、nd （掌握）of either English or French.You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa: You should

31、 obtain the necessary visas.Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid （有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will pro

32、vide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period.Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.Your application will be acces

33、sed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.21.According to this passage, applica

34、nts are required to . A. hold a masters degree in scienceB. have international work experience C. be fluent in either English or French D. present a letter from a technical institution 22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period? A. Limited medical insurance coverage.B. Training in communi

35、cation skills.C. A medical certificate for work.D. Financial support for travel.23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form?Contact UNESCO managers.Get access to the database.Keep a motivation letter at hand.Work in a team for six months.BI remember the day during our first

36、week of class when we were informed about our semester （學(xué)期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）. My first impression of the organization was that it

37、was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of t

38、he Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair （絕望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits one kit, one child.The most rewarding day for our group was project day

39、, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel onc

40、e our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling

41、 I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.24.

42、How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?It would affect his/her initial plans.It would involve traveling overseas.It would not bring him/her a good grade.It would not live up to his/her expectations.25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the pr

43、oject?Images of Iraqi children.Research by his/her classmates.C. A teachers introduction.D. A representatives comments.26.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to .become OIC volunteersfurther their educationstudy in foreign countriesinfluence other children27.What can we concl

44、ude from this passage?A. Ones potential cannot always be underrated.First impression cannot always be trusted.Actions speak louder than words.He who hesitates is lost.CHundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers

45、and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as a credible scenario （情景）this century1.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global co

46、llapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also

47、 unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars? warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned wi

48、th identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories （簽署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the ecological footprint concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footp

49、rint of humanity, nit seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,1 Johnson said in an email.Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their

50、 speed, severity and harm1. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent （執(zhí)著）on quieting hope

51、that ignores preparedness. Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,1 they say, and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future/.What does the underlined word germane1 in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Scientific.B. Credible.C. Original. D. Rel

52、evant.As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is .A. worriedB. puzzledC. surprisedD. scared.What can we learn from this passage?The signatories may change the biophysical limits.The author agrees with the message of the poem.The issue of collapse is being prioritized. D. The globa

53、l collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Todays state-of-the-art atomic （原子的）clocks have p

54、roven Einstein right. Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditi

55、ons to set the tempo （節(jié)奏）of human life? Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate （調(diào)節(jié)）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently, I conceptualized a new

56、approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. Were now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental ch

57、anges. Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregulariti

58、es and long-term trends in river dynamics. Its a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （時(shí)間框架）,and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the plane

59、t. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time

60、to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people corrected official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems were developi