1、2022-2023學(xué)年湖南省岳陽市湘陰縣賽頭中學(xué)高二英語下學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、 選擇題1. The people who have moved to the new settlements are holding a party as if they_ a festival.A. had been celebrated B. have been celebratingC. were celebrating D. would be celebrating參考答案：C2. Jack _ a moment before stepping through the doorway, because o

2、f his failure in the exam.A. paused B. mindedC. stopped D. hesitated參考答案：D考試失敗了肯定是不敢回家，所以才會(huì)在門口徘徊猶豫，故hesitate“猶豫；躊躇”符合句意。3. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving參考答案：C4. 語音知識(shí) (共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)（ ）1. passenger A. finger B. degree C.manager D. recognize（ ）2.

3、appreciate A predict B musician C process D emergency（ ）3.wrist A tiger B.tip C.lifelong D ninth（ ）4.butcher A budget B cube C trust D prejudice（ ）5.enemy A media B petrol C elect D reflect 參考答案：CBBDB略5. I am delighted to receive an invitation from you. _ your wedding, I should be pleased to attend.

4、 A. In charge of B. In response to C. In favor of D. In regard to參考答案：D6. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come參考答案：A略26.The medical research shows eating too much fat can _ heart disease and blood pressure, so you must be

5、more careful with your diet. A.contribute to B. refer to C. attend to D. devote to參考答案：A略8. A lot of companies have been affected during the financial crisis.Yes. But the financial situation in my company is beginning to _.A. take up B. rise upC. look up D. raise up參考答案：C9. My parents live in a smal

6、l village.They always keep candles in the house there is a power out.A.if B.unlessC.in caseD.so that參考答案：C提示:句意:我父母住在一個(gè)小村莊,他們經(jīng)常都備有蠟燭以防停電。if“如果”;unless“除非”;in case “以防,萬一”;so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,意為“因此”。10. It was a time _ volunteers from all over the world visited this nursing home regularly.A. whichB. what

7、C. whereD. when參考答案：D11. Marys red face suggested that she_shy, and her friends suggested that she_a deep breath.A. be; should take B. was, take C. should be; took D. was; takes參考答案：B12. The ship was so small that the captain had to refuse to _ more passengers for the sake of safety.A. take onB. tak

8、e upC. take offD. take in參考答案：A13. Looking at the _ of children playing in the garden ,the old man smiled happily. A. sight B. view C.scene D. scenery參考答案：C14. Well, Randy is not quite ready to make a decision yet.So, _, we have to wait, right?A. on the other hand B. in other words C. in particular

9、D. above all 參考答案：B15. What do you think of the girl?Not only _ well but also _ modest.Ashe works；she isBdoes she work；she isCdoes she work；is she Dshe works；is she參考答案：B二、 填空16. Today, the events _21_ in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can ins

10、tead be _22_ automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing _23_ videos. An entire community _24_ up aro

11、und the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically _25_ one persons face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political _26_ and actors.Tools for editing media _27_ have existed fo

12、r decadesthink Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all tha

13、t is required.The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be _28_, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil societyfrom a further loss of trust in media to the _29_ for electoral distortions. These t

14、echnologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with _30_ imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.參考答案：21. G 22. J 23. D

15、 24. F 25. H 26. C 27. E 28. K 29. B 30. I這一篇說明文。今天，那些看起來真實(shí)、聽起來真實(shí)的視頻和音頻記錄所記錄的事件根本不需要發(fā)生。它們可以由強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)軟件自動(dòng)生成。這些計(jì)算結(jié)果的通稱是“深度偽造”。文章介紹了“深度偽造”這一現(xiàn)象及可能產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：今天，那些看起來真實(shí)、聽起來真實(shí)的視頻和音頻記錄所記錄的事件根本不需要發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指視頻和音頻錄制的事件。G. captured“拍攝，錄制”。故G選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：它們可以由強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)軟件自動(dòng)生成。根據(jù)句意可知，此處

16、指自動(dòng)生成。J. generated“使形成；發(fā)生”。故J選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個(gè)詞最早出現(xiàn)在社交新聞網(wǎng)站Reddit上，是一個(gè)制作假視頻的賬戶的用戶名。根據(jù)上文The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.可知，此處指假視頻。D. fake“假的”。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：整個(gè)社區(qū)都圍繞著這些視頻的創(chuàng)作而興起。spring up“出現(xiàn)，涌現(xiàn)”，sprang是spring的過去式。F. sprang“涌出；躍出”。故F選項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他

17、們編寫軟件工具，讓任何人都可以自動(dòng)地將一個(gè)人的臉粘貼到另一個(gè)人的身上。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指用軟件工具將一個(gè)人的臉粘貼到另一個(gè)人的身上。H. paste“粘貼”。故H選項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：很快，它就被應(yīng)用到政治人物和演員身上。根據(jù)空前political及空后and actors可知，此處指政治人物。C. figures“人物”。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：手工編輯媒體的工具已經(jīng)存在了幾十年，比如Photoshop。列舉Photoshop這一款編輯數(shù)字照片或圖像的軟件工具，由此可知，此處指手工編輯媒體的工具，設(shè)空處修飾editing，使用副詞形式。E. manua

18、lly“手動(dòng)地；用手”。故E選項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：廉價(jià)、普遍的造假行為的后果可能是深遠(yuǎn)的，盡管要慢慢顯現(xiàn)出來。根據(jù)下文Plenty worry about the possible impact可知，此處指廉價(jià)、普遍的造假行為的后果可能是深遠(yuǎn)的。K. profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的”。故K選項(xiàng)正確。【29題詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多人擔(dān)心政客的虛假鏡頭可能會(huì)對(duì)公民社會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響從對(duì)媒體的信任進(jìn)一步喪失到選舉扭曲的可能性。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指選舉扭曲的可能性。B. potential“潛能，可能性”。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在一個(gè)已經(jīng)充斥著極端畫面的

19、世界里，深度造假似乎更有可能推動(dòng)這一趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)上文These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations.可知，此處指極端畫面。I. extreme“極端的”。故I選項(xiàng)正確。三、 閱讀理解17. 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVERAGE RESOURCES6

20、20 m3 waterIf we put fresh water and sea water together, we can each have 620 m3 water. But remember, sea water is too salty for us to drink if the factories dont process it first. So, 620 m3 is little. Saving water in daily use is important.0.5 hectares of forestsThere are 3.869 billion hectares(公頃

21、) of forests on Earth. But we are losing them mainly because we cut trees too much. If we calculate（計(jì)算）at the size of a football field, we are losing 343,000 football fields every day, or 1,431 per hour, or 24 per minute!1.5 centimeters long corals(珊瑚)All the corals that we have now spread for about

22、 100,000 km in 109 countries. But each of us can only have such a little piece, because seas are getting polluted and corals are dying.33 starsAccording to the latest report, there are 200 billion stars in the Milky Way. Each of us can have 33 of them. Unfortunately, we cannot see most of the 200 bi

23、llion stars from Earth. We can only see about 6,000 stars. If we dont use telescopes or we have bad weathers, we can only see about 2,000 stars.90kg riceOn average, we harvest 0.54 billion tons of rice each year round the world and each of us can have 90 kg. Asia produces and eats 90% of all the rice. How long will it take you to eat up this 90 kg rice?1 icebergLuckily, we still have icebergs to share when