1、初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)解說和練習(xí)全初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)解說和練習(xí)全初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)解說和練習(xí)全一、一般此刻時(shí)：見解：常常、頻頻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及此刻的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,monthonceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本構(gòu)造：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do發(fā)問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞。在

2、中，當(dāng)主語是時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用形式，即常在后加-s或-es。一、he,she,it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：HelikeswatchingTV.他喜愛看電視。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二點(diǎn)吃午飯。Itlookslikeacat.它看起來像只貓。(口訣：I用am，you用are，is用于它，單數(shù)名詞用is，都用are)二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱號(hào)作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：HanMeilookslikehermother.看起來像她的母親。BeijingisinChina.北京在中國(guó)。1/36UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔常做蛋糕。三、數(shù)可數(shù)名或this/that

3、/the+數(shù)可數(shù)名作主，是第三人稱數(shù)。如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.是合用的物。Thisbookisyours.本是你的。四、someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代this,that作主，是第三人稱數(shù)。如：Everyoneishere.大家到了。Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.腕表有缺點(diǎn)。五、作主第三人稱數(shù)。如：Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在里。Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主，看作第三人稱數(shù)。如：6isaluckynumbe

4、r.6是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字?！尽慷⒁话闳ィ阂娊猓喝ツ硞€(gè)里生的作或狀；去性、常性的作、行。狀：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof,5oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般去的構(gòu)（可分三不同樣的構(gòu)）2/361.Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞，amis的過去式為was;are的過去式為were必然句式：主語+be(was,were)+其余.否認(rèn)句式：主語+be(was,were)+not+其余.一般疑問

5、句：Be(was,were)+主語+其余？注：在這種組成中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要依據(jù)主語采用was/were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)必然句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式，否認(rèn)句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和does的過去式did.必然句式：主語+動(dòng)詞（過去式）+其余否認(rèn)句式：主語+didnt動(dòng)+詞（原形）+其余【didnot=didn】t一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞（原形）+其余【do,does的過去時(shí)均為did】？注：1.did和didnt是組成一般過去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，其特色是要在此后跟動(dòng)詞的原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過去時(shí)Idomyh

6、omeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改寫句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否認(rèn)句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday？Yes,Idid./No,Ididn一t.(般疑問句)神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)含有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，是十分相像，請(qǐng)注意察看。3/36必然句式：主語+神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+其余否認(rèn)句式：主語+神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+其余.一般疑問句：神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+其余？注：神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式：cancould,maymight,mustmust，will-would，

7、should-should。4.特別疑問句式：特別疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其余？特別疑問詞+神態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過去式+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其余？特別疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其余？Whatwasyourformername？你從前叫什么名字？WhywashelateforschoollastMonday？上禮拜一他為何遲到？Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago？20年前她能做什么？規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式1.一般狀況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后邊加-ed。looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cook

8、ed2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d。liveliveduseusedtaste-tasted3.以“輔音字母+y結(jié)”尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y改為i,再加ed。studystudiedtrytriedflyflied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，尾端只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加ed。stopstoppedplanplannedstop-stoppedpreferpreferred基本用法表示過去某個(gè)特準(zhǔn)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。4/36Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚忽然病倒了。表示過去的習(xí)慣性或常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Shewe

9、nttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在鄉(xiāng)間時(shí)常常在河畔漫步。表達(dá)過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床，提水，打掃房間此后出去漫步。【練習(xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmla

10、stweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?_he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.GaoShan_(put)upthep

11、icturelastnight.I_(sweep)theflooryesterday.5/36What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?Herfather_(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.Ilistenedbut_(hear)nothing.Howmanypeople_(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求變換句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑問句）_Frank_a

12、ninterestingbookabouthistory?2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow.（劃線發(fā)問）What_he_?3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.（否認(rèn)句）Thomas_RMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.（劃線發(fā)問）_family_lastweek?I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.What_Tom_(do)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch

13、)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She_(stay)athomeand_(do)somecleaning.6/36When_you_(write)thissong?I_(write)itlastyear.Myfriend,Carol,_(study)forthemathtestand_(practice)Englishlastnight._Mr.Li_(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Ye

14、s,he_.How_(be)Jimsweekend?It_(benot)bad._(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she_.三、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)：見解：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。組成：be+此刻分詞。be應(yīng)為，應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?！咀ⅰ縿?dòng)詞此刻分詞的變化規(guī)則一般狀況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing，如：work-workingstudy-studying動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾，要去-e加-ing，如：make-makingdance-dancing重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ing，如：put-puttingbegin-b

15、eginning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-ie變?yōu)閥再加-ing，如：lie-lyingtie-tying寫出以下動(dòng)詞的此刻分詞形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_變化：7/36式：主語+be(am,is,are)+其余.式：主語+be(am,is,are)+not+其余.Be(am,is,are)+主語+其余？+be(am,is,are)+主語+此刻分詞+其余？對(duì)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的的回答，它不可以夠夠用Yes或No直接作答，要依據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)狀況回答。用法（包含高級(jí)用法)：4,此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞

16、連用時(shí)帶有。Hesalwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜愛跟他人吵嘴。Sheisconstantlyworryingabouthersonshealth.她不斷地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)憂著。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那個(gè)男孩老是問問題。這種狀況常與always老是，usually平常，continually不斷的，constantly常常的，forever永久、老是等副詞連用。5,有的此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和同義。用此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問者的關(guān)切心情。Howareyoufeelingtoday?（Howdoyoufeeltoday?）你今日感覺怎樣？Ia

17、mlooking（look）forwardtoyournextvisit.我希望你下次再來。Whyareyoulooking（doyoulook）sosad?為何你看起來這么愁云滿面的樣子呢？【練習(xí)】一.填空題1MrZheng_(read)abooknow.8/362.Therabbits_(jump)now.3.Look!TomandJohn_(swim).Mybrother_(make)akiteinhisroomnow.Look!Thebus_(stop).We_(have)anEnglishclassnow.8.They_(catch)butterfliesnow.9.He_(do)a

18、nexperimentnow.They_(collect)stampsnow.Look!He_(dive)now.Tom_(watch)TVinthediningroom.Thedoctors_(get)offthebus.Comeon.They_(leave)now.It_(eat)fishnow.Myfather_(work)intheofficenow.17.Whereisyourmother?She_(answer)thephone.18.Theteachers_(run)now.二、按要求改寫句子1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.否認(rèn)句：_一般疑問句：_必然回答

19、：_9/36否認(rèn)回答：_Theboy提：_造句:1).she,thewindow,open,now.(用內(nèi)行成句.)_2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(成句)_3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.改(成否認(rèn)句)_4.)Youaredoingyourhomework.(用I作主改寫句子)_5).they,thetree,sing,now,under.(用內(nèi)行成句.)_6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.改(成一般疑)_去行：（一）見解：表示去某段或某一刻正在生或行的行或作。(二)構(gòu)：were/were+V-i

20、ng.(三)志：1.atthis/thattime,2.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),3.at+點(diǎn)+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，whensb/sth.didsth.lasteveningthewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。比方：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.10/36一般過去時(shí)的必然句、否認(rèn)句、疑問句及簡(jiǎn)單回答。必然句:主語+was/we

21、re+V-ing+其.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.否認(rèn)句:主語+was/were+not+V-ing+其.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3.一般疑問句：was/were主語+V-ing+其?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?必然回答：Yes,Iwas.否認(rèn)回答：No,Iwasnt.特別問句:疑問詞was/were主語+V-ing+其?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?(五)基本用法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。

22、(用介詞短語和從句來表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.過(去某一時(shí)辰)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(過去某一時(shí)辰)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein我.們正在吃晚餐時(shí)電話響了（?從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情。thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）Lucywasworkingallday.（過去某一段時(shí)間）WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonin

23、eoclocklastnight.3.在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是連續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么主從句都要過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。11/36Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是連續(xù)的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗車時(shí)我在做飯。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）when和while的用法差別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間。所以when在狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞能夠停止性動(dòng)詞，也能夠是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間。while從句中的動(dòng)詞必然是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作

24、能夠是同時(shí)，也能夠是先后生；while則重申主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when指引的時(shí)間狀語從句。后用一般過去時(shí)。While后邊一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。假如從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while指引，Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【練習(xí)】1.I_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplate2

25、.They_atthistime.A.talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary_.12/36A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday4.I_whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.wh

26、ileC.whatMybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rodeIfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.workedB.wasworking.Cisworking8.-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-I_theshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhenthebe

27、llrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling11.-Whatsthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingWhat_fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?A.haveyoudone

28、B.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing13.-Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer.13/36-Oh,ImsorryI_dinneratmyfriendshome.A.hadB.washavingC.have14.Mymother_whilemyfather_TV.A.cooked,waswatchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watched15.whenIgothome,myson_themusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtoC.waslistening二、動(dòng)詞

29、填空。1.John_（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_（walk）homewhentherain_（begin）.3.-What_you_（do）attenoclockyesterday-I_study）inclassWhileHarry_（have）breakfast,LilytelephonedhimI_(write)aletterattenlastnight.Itwassix.TheGreens_(have)supper.Whenyou_(knock)atthedooryesterday,I_(do)somewashing.Whilemymother_(watch)T

30、V,I_(make)akite._you_(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterdayafternoon?MrsGreen_(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改寫句子。1.IwasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOlanded.（對(duì)劃線部散發(fā)問）_you_whentheUFOlanded?14/36Theyplayedtennisyesterdayafternoon.(用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改寫句子)They_tennisat5:00yesterdayafternoon.Whil

31、eitwasraining,theplanetookoff.（改為同義句）Itwasraining_theplane_off.昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙。Myfather_anewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.電話響時(shí)，我媽媽在做晚餐。Mymother_whenthephone_.當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，我報(bào)了警。_thealienwasbuyingasuvenir,I_thepolice.Iwaswashingmyshoesatthattime（.改為一般問句）_yourshoesatthattime?五、此刻達(dá)成時(shí)：見解：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響或結(jié)果

32、，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（一）組成：主語have/hasV過去分詞?！癶ave/has如”何使用需記清。當(dāng)主語是I，you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have；單數(shù)主語后跟has。也就是說have/has需同主語的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。（二）用法接觸一：必然句式此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的必然句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。如：WehavejustfinishedourhomeworkShehasgonehome15/36注意：1）句式中的have或has是助，has用于第三人稱數(shù)，其他人稱一律用have。2）句式中have（has）和去分之可用just插入。3）把句式成，常常用“已”、“”、

33、“”或“了”等。接觸二：疑句式在達(dá)成的一般疑句式是把助have或has提到主從前。如：Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet？特別疑句及反意疑句構(gòu)以下：Whathaveyoudonewithmybike?Youvereadthisstorybook,haventyou?注意：1）在達(dá)成的一般疑句常常在句末加yet。2）把在達(dá)成的一般疑句成，常常成“？”、“已了？”等。3）其必然回答用“Yes，have（has）”，否認(rèn)回答用“No，havent（hasnt）”，實(shí)用“No，notyet”或“No，never”。接觸三：否認(rèn)句式：在達(dá)成的否認(rèn)句式是“havent（hasnt）去分

34、”。如：WehaventstudiedUnit2yetThetrainhasntstoppedyet注意：1）在達(dá)成的否認(rèn)句句末常常加yet。2）否認(rèn)句?！皼]有”等。接觸四：用法之一：在達(dá)成表示去生或達(dá)成的某一作在造成的影響或果。如：16/36Haveyoureadthatstory？你那個(gè)故事？（“”一作生在去，在造成的影響是：能否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）Ihaveboughttwoapples我了兩個(gè)蘋果。（“”一作生在去，在造成的果是：有兩個(gè)蘋果。）在學(xué)一見解的同，注意常與在達(dá)成用的幾個(gè)副：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于必然句中，eve

35、r，yet，never多用于疑句和否認(rèn)句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework我已做完家庭作了。Hehasjusthadhismeal他吃。HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong？你曾唱首英文歌？Theyhaventstartedyet他沒有身。Wehaveneverheardofit我素來沒有聽件事。接觸五：用法之二:表示去已開始，素來持到在的作或狀。注：一用法即在達(dá)成行的用法因表示的是持的作或狀，所以使用的平常是延性：be,stay,study,wait,keep,have等；使用的狀平常由for或since引，但二者后接的有所不同樣：f

36、or后常跟一個(gè)段，指某個(gè)作到在止已持了多，如forthreeyears,forhalfanhour等。since作介，后邊能夠接一個(gè)點(diǎn)，如since1980，也能夠接“一段+ago”,:sincethreeyearsago,sincetwomonthsago等。17/36since還可用作連詞，指引一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.句型Itisthefirst（second,third.)timethat.的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞須用此刻達(dá)成時(shí)，表示到說話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過幾次。如：Itisthefirsttime

37、thatIhavebeenhere.接觸六：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較此刻達(dá)成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明此刻的狀況：飛機(jī)在這兒。）Theplanearrivedaquarterofanhourago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘從前到達(dá)的。（重申換作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。）接觸七：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法have(has)beenin意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaifort

38、hreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。have(has)beento意為“從前去過某地”，表示此刻已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用。如：Ivejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你從前去過杭州嗎？MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。have(has)beento后邊可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如：18/36IvebeentoBeijingthreetim

39、es.我去過北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村好幾次了。have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如：WhereisTom?湯姆在哪里？Hehasgonetothebookshop他.到書店去了。接觸八：常用于此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語除了我們講過的already,yet,still，just,ever,never,since短語和for短語外，還有很多時(shí)間狀語常用于此刻達(dá)成時(shí)，我們要留意將它們和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語劃分開來：la

40、tely,recently是達(dá)成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；justnow有amomentago之意，是過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。如：Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?DidyouseeJoanjustnow?inthepastfewyears意思是“過去幾年來”，常用于達(dá)成時(shí)中；inthepast意思是“在過去”，常用于過去時(shí)中。如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.Wheredidyouworkinthepast?3.eversincethen與fromthenon/afterthat

41、都有“打那此后”之意，但前者常用于達(dá)成時(shí)，此后二者常用于過去時(shí)。如：19/36Sheslivedhereeversincethen.IdidnthearofJimfromthenon/afterthat.before平常用于達(dá)成時(shí)；.ago平常用于過去時(shí)。如：IhaveneverbeentoJapanbefore.ShewenttoJapantwoyearsago.sofar到目“前為止”，thesedays這“些天來”也是此刻達(dá)成常常有的時(shí)間狀語。如：Sofar,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.Whathaveyoudonethesedays?接觸八：

42、過去分詞有規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則的變化形式與動(dòng)詞的過去式同樣。不規(guī)則就需要記憶了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞原型：過去式和過去分詞完滿不同樣drink-drank-drunkring-rang-rungswim-swam-swumsing-sang-sungsink-sank-sunkgive-gave-givenhide-hid-hiddendo-did-donesee-saw-seen過去式與過去分詞完滿同樣bright-brought-broughtthink-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-c

43、aughtsell-sold-soldC.原型與過去分詞同樣D.原形與過去式和過去分詞完滿同樣cast-cast-castcut-cut-cutput-put-putlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hit-hit【練習(xí)】20/36一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適合形式填空。I_never_（speak）toaforeigner_Tom_（return）thelibrarybook？Yes，hehas3.When_he_（return）it？Halfanhourago二、按要求變換以下各句，每空一詞。1、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework（改為否認(rèn)句）He_fi

44、nishedhishomework_2Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready（改為一般疑問句，并作否認(rèn)回答）_they_thelostbooks_？No，they_3Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet（改為必然句）Julia_homefromschool4YouhaveneverbeentoShanghaibefore，_？（改為反意疑問句）5.HesgonetoBeijing,_（改?為反意疑問句）6MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin999（改為同義句）MrWang_Englishinthiss

45、choolsince999Hehasntlefthomefor3days同義.(句)He_homefor3days.21/36三、正確答案。(1WhoisMary？_？IsawyoutalkingwithheratthemeetingADontyoumeetheryetBDidntyoumetheryetCHaventyoumetheryetDHadntyoumetheryet(2HowdoyoulikeBeijing，MrBlack？Oh，I_suchabeautifulcityAdontvisitBdidntvisitChaventvisitedDhadntvisited(3Theoldp

46、eople_lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweekAdontfeelBhasntfeltChaventfeltD.didntfeel()4Wehavelivedhere_fiveyearsagoAwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter六、去達(dá)成：見解：以去某個(gè)準(zhǔn)，在此從前生的作或行，或在去某作從前達(dá)成的行，即“去的去”。-|-|-|-那從前那在狀：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month),etc.22/36基本構(gòu)造：主語+had+過去分詞vpp.(done)必然句：主語+had+過去分詞.否認(rèn)句：主語+h

47、ad+not+過去分詞.一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞?必然回答：Yes,主語+had.否認(rèn)回答：No,主語+hadnot.特別疑問句：特別疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？基本用法表示在過去某一時(shí)辰或動(dòng)作從前達(dá)成了的動(dòng)作，也能夠說過去的時(shí)間對(duì)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”。能夠用by,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)來表示，也能夠用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能經(jīng)過上下文來表示。Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship到昨.晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)辰開始，

48、素來連續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since組成的時(shí)間狀語連用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從_年以來他就在那家工廠工作。3）表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的事情，在已表達(dá)了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述從前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去達(dá)成時(shí)。Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天逝世了。他從前是我的摯友。Ididntknowa

49、thingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson我對(duì).動(dòng)詞全無所聞，因?yàn)槲覜]有好勤學(xué)習(xí)功課。23/364）在含有的主從復(fù)合句中，假如表達(dá)的是去的事，先生的作常用去達(dá)成。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已了我借的。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她失的匙找到了。5）去達(dá)成常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等后的（或）中，從句中的作生在主句表示的去的作從前。Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他他很熟習(xí)她。IthoughtIhadsentthele

50、tteraweekbefore.我我一禮拜前就把信寄出去了。狀從句：在去不同樣生的兩個(gè)作中，生在前，用去達(dá)成；生在后，用。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引的WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來雨已停了。Shedidntgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork她.直到把工作做完此后才睡。注意：假如兩個(gè)作接著生，常常不用去達(dá)成，特是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因從句的作和主句的作生的先后序已特別明確，能夠用一般去代替去達(dá)成。AfterhearrivedinEngla

51、nd,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.克思到達(dá)英格此后，努力提升他的英水平。7）think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用去達(dá)成來表示去未曾的想法，打算或意等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他原來打算去幫忙，但沒有及趕到那里。（8）去達(dá)成可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。24/36Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterrup

52、tedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。語法判斷由時(shí)間狀語來判斷：一般說來，各樣都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去達(dá)成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：1）by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.2）bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwords

53、bytheendoflastterm.（3）before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“過去的過去”來判斷：過去達(dá)成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作從前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或達(dá)成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去達(dá)成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出此刻：（1）賓語從句中：當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去達(dá)成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.

54、2）狀語從句中：在時(shí)間、條件、原由、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去達(dá)成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.25/36注意：before,after指引的時(shí)間狀語從句中，因?yàn)閎efore和after自己已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作親近相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.依據(jù)上、下文來判斷。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadntseeneacho

55、thersincehewenttoBeijing.【練習(xí)】一.用動(dòng)詞的適合形式填空We_(paint)thehousebeforewe_(move)in.Thatricholdman_(make)awillbeforehe_(die).They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_(leave).Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen_(arrive).I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI_(go)tobed.Paul_(go)outwithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall

56、.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.Ourplan_(fail)becausewe_(make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman_(finish)speaking,he_(leave)thehall.26/3610.TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI_(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave).12.We_(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Iwaiteduntilhe_(finish)hishom

57、ework.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_already_(do)15.She_(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore.He_(nottell)youthenewsyet.Hesaidhe_already_(give)thebooktotheteacher.I_(be)toShanghaibefore.Shetoldmeshe_(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She_(play)theguitarwhilehersister_(sing).二句型變換1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame（.

58、改否認(rèn)句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced（.改否認(rèn)句）3.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.（否認(rèn)）4.By10:.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑問）6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑問）7.HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim（.對(duì)劃線部散發(fā)問）27/368.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（劃部分提）.Jackdi

59、dntgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthe（film劃.部分提）10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（劃部分提）11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（劃部分提）12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用去達(dá)成接兩句）13.Jimsfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken（.用去達(dá)成接兩句）14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用去達(dá)成接兩句)Afterwe_

60、,we_15.Heshowedusthepicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用去達(dá)成接兩句)Beforehe_,he_.參照答案：一.1.hadpainted.moved2.hadmade.died3.hadstudiedleft4.hadraway.arrived5.hadturnedoffwent6.wenthadmade7.saidhadrfailedhadmade9.(had)finishedleft10.werehaving/hadhadgoarrived.hadleft12.hadlearned13.(had)finished14.had.do