1、交通銀行內(nèi)蒙古分行校園招聘考試英語基本知識(shí)試題（八）閱讀理解Theprovisionofpositiveincentivestoworkinthenewsocietywillnotbeaneasytask.Butthemostdifficulttaskofallistodevisetheultimateandfinalsanctiontoreplacetheultimatesanctionofhungertheeconomicwhipoftheolddispensation.Moreover,inasocietywhichrightlyrejectsthepretenceofseparatin

2、geconomicsfrompoliticsanddeniestheautonomyoftheeconomicorder,thatsanctioncanbefoundonlyinsomeconsciousactofsociety.Wecannolongerasktheinvisiblehandtodoourdirtyworkforus.IconfessthatIamlesshorror-struckthansomepeopleattheprospect,whichseemstomeunavoidable,ofanultimatepowerofwhatiscalleddirectionoflab

3、ourrestinginsomearmofsociety,whetherinanorganofstateoroftradeunions.IshouldindeedbehorrifiedifIidentifiedthisprospectwithareturntotheconditionsofthepre-capitalistera.Theeconomicwhipoflaissez-faireundoubtedlyrepresentedanadvanceontheserf-likeconditionsofthatperiod:inthatrelativesense,theclaimofcapita

4、lismtohaveestablishedforthefirsttimeasystemof“free”labourdeservesrespect.ButthedirectionoflabourasexercisedinGreatBritainintheSecondWorldWarseemstometorepresentasgreatanadvanceovertheeconomicwhipoftheheydayofcapitalistprivateenterpriseastheeconomicwhiprepresentedoverpre-capitalistserfdom.Muchdepends

5、ontheeffectivenessofthepositiveincentives,much,too,onthesolidarityandself-disciplineofthecommunity.Afterall,underthesystemoflaissez-fairecapitalismthefearofhungerremainedanultimatesanctionratherthanacontinuouslyoperativeforce.Itwouldhavebeenintolerableiftheworkerhadbeennormallydriventoworkbyconsciou

6、sfearofhunger;nor,exceptintheearlyandworstdaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,didthatnormallyhappen.Similarlyinthesocietyofthefuturethepowerofdirectionshouldberegardednotsomuchasaninstrumentofdailyusebutratherasanultimatesanctionheldinreservewherevoluntarymethodsfail.Itisinconceivablethat,inanyperiodorina

7、nyconditionsthatcannowbeforeseen,anyorganofstateinGreatBritainwouldbeinaposition,evenifithadthewill,tomarshalanddeploythelabourforceoverthewholeeconomybymilitarydisciplinelikeanarmyinthefield.This,likeothernightmaresofatotallyplannedeconomy,canbelefttothosewholiketofrightenthemselvesandotherswithsca

8、recrows.1.Theword“sanction”(Line2,Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto_.Acorrectivemeasures BencouragingmethodsCpreventiveefforts Drevolutionaryactions2.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?APeopleusedtobeforcedtoworkunderwhips.BTheauthordislikesthefunctionofpoliticsineconomy.CIncentivesarealw

9、ayslessavailablethanregulations.DPeoplehaveaninstinctofworkinglessandgettingmore.3.Theauthorsattitudestowardsfuture,asisindicatedinthebeginningofthesecondparagraph,isoneof_.Areluctantacceptance BsheerpessimismCmildoptimism Dextremehopefulness4.Theauthorofthetextseemstoopposetheideaof_.Afreemarket Bm

10、ilitarycontrolCstrictregulations Dunrestrainedlabors5.Thelastsentenceofthetextindicatestheauthors_.Ahatred Baffection Cstubbornness Drejection單選6._putgreatstockintheexchangeofbusinesscardsatthebeginningofameeting.A.JapaneseB.ItaliansC.SwedensD.Americans7.BusinesscardsshoudbeprintedinEnglishononeside

11、andArabicontheotherin_.A.Indonesia B.AsiaC.EgyptandotherArabiancountriesD.EgyptandIndonesia8.In_，exchangingbusinesscardsiscommonamongprofessionalworkers.Butnormallyitisnotthesituationinsocialsettings.A.IndonesiaB.AsiaC.AustraliaD.Japan9.Inabusinessletter,thedatelineconsistsofthemonth,dayandyear.whic

12、histherightbusinessstyleofdateline?A.14FebB.14FebruaryC.Feb14,D.February14,10.Thesalutationiswrittenflushwiththe_margin_spaceorlinesbelowtheinsideaddress.A.left,twoB.left,oneC.right,twoD.right,one參照答案閱讀理解1.【A】【精解】本題考察詞義的理解。對(duì)sanction一詞的理解依賴于對(duì)整個(gè)第一段的理解。第一段第二句提到sanctionofhunger，其上文即第一句提到positiveincentiv

13、es（正面鼓勵(lì)），第二句以but為標(biāo)志浮現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折。因此，sanctionofhunger與“正面鼓勵(lì)”應(yīng)當(dāng)是相對(duì)照的。第一段最后一句又提到，不能再規(guī)定這只無形的手替我們做“惹人討厭的工作”了。這里“無形的手”指的是上文提到的“sanctionofhunger”，由此可知它做的是“惹人討厭的工作”。綜合以上線索，sanction應(yīng)是一種“負(fù)面手段”，通過例如饑餓這樣的懲罰來達(dá)到改善、改善的目的。2.【B】【精解】本題考察推理引申。第一段第二句提到，要找到一種新的經(jīng)濟(jì)鼓勵(lì)手段來取代老式的饑餓懲罰。該段第三句分析了饑餓懲罰不再起作用的社會(huì)因素，即，這個(gè)新社會(huì)將經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治混為一談，否認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的自治權(quán)。

14、因此作者對(duì)于政治對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的干預(yù)是反感的，【B】在第一段中有所暗示。這種暗示在第二段第一句中“我承認(rèn)對(duì)于社會(huì)某個(gè)部門也許擁有勞動(dòng)力管理的最后權(quán)力感到恐驚”得到了證明。【A】是根據(jù)文中浮現(xiàn)的whip（鞭）一詞編造出來的選項(xiàng)。其實(shí)，whip在本文中是比方用法，指的是“鼓勵(lì)、鞭策手段”。文中只提到incentives，但未將它與regulations作比較，【C】錯(cuò)誤?！綝】在文中未波及。3.【A】【精解】本題考察作者態(tài)度。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段開始部分。題干中的future與文中prospect是同義替代。該部分提到，“我承認(rèn)對(duì)于社會(huì)某個(gè)部門擁有稱之為勞動(dòng)力管理的最后權(quán)力的前景，并不像某些人那樣覺得恐驚，雖然，恐驚對(duì)我來說也是不可避免的”。顯然，作者的態(tài)度既不樂觀也不悲觀，只是勉強(qiáng)地接受這種現(xiàn)實(shí)。【A】對(duì)的。4.【C】【精解】本題考察作者觀點(diǎn)。第三段倒數(shù)第四句提到，在將來社會(huì)中，管理的權(quán)力應(yīng)當(dāng)被看作備用的一種最嚴(yán)肅的制裁，只有在自愿的措施不管用的時(shí)候才使用。該段最后兩句則通過打比方的手法指出，過于嚴(yán)格的手段就像通過軍隊(duì)紀(jì)律集結(jié)和部署勞動(dòng)力同樣。它是像籌劃經(jīng)濟(jì)同樣的惡夢(mèng)。因此可知，【C】是作者反對(duì)的。第二段第三句提到，自由放任主義（laissez-faire）的經(jīng)濟(jì)鼓勵(lì)手段代表了那個(gè)時(shí)代的發(fā)展(anadvance)；資本主義宣稱