1、Section BUsing Language1. extendextend for/into/over 延續(xù)extend sth. for/by/until 把延長(zhǎng)至extend sth. to sb./sth. 把擴(kuò)大到extend sth. to sb. 提供/給予某人某事物練習(xí)：尼羅河一直往南延伸至維多利亞湖。The River Nile _ south as Lake Victoria. extends as farVocabulary 2. sensitivebe sensitive to 對(duì)敏感的練習(xí)：這位作家對(duì)別人的批評(píng)很敏感。The writer is sensitive t

2、o others criticism.3. generous be generous to sb. 對(duì)某人是慷慨的be generous with sth. 在某方面是慷慨的be generous in doing sth. 慷慨地做某事generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地generosity n. 慷慨；大方；寬宏大量練習(xí)：Hopefully, leaders worldwide will recognize the tough situation and contribution _ (generous) to control the locust (蝗蟲) outbreak.g

3、enerosity4. hesitatehesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事hesitate about/over sth. 對(duì)某事猶豫不決hesitate (about) + wh-從句/ wh-+ to do sth. 對(duì)猶豫不決hesitant adj. 猶豫的hesitation n. 猶豫；躊躇without hesitation 毫不猶豫have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不猶豫做某事do sth. without hesitation 毫不猶豫做某事練習(xí)：The help you give to others will be paid

4、 back, so never hesitate _ (offer) a helping hand whenever someone needs help.to offer5. confirmationconfirm vt. （尤指提供證據(jù)來）證實(shí)，證明，確認(rèn)；使確信；批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可confirm sth./that /wh-從句 證明/表明/確認(rèn)be confirmed 被證實(shí)/被證明It is confirmed that 據(jù)證實(shí)be confirmed (as) （的身份/職位/協(xié)議）被認(rèn)可練習(xí)：Im still waiting for _ (confirm) of the test res

5、ults.confirmationLeading ina . Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher.b In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.1. What was spoken in sentence (a)? What was finished in sentence (b)?The words were spoken in sentence (a). The well was finished in sentence (

6、b).2. Why does the author use -ed instead of -ing?Because the words were spoken instead of speaking, and the well was finished instead of finishing. The words in bold show passive instead of active actions.c . Ryan had trouble believing the words which were spoken by his teacherd In Uganda, Ryan at

7、last saw the well, which was finished, with his own eyes.3. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?Sentences (a) and (b) contain -ed as attributive while sentences (c) and (d) contain attributive clauses.4. Why does the author choose to use -ed instead of an attributive clause in

8、 the reading passage?The sentences using -ed as attributive are more concise and formal.Sum up the usage of v-ed as attributive.（1）We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.（2）The retired man was very interested in painting.（3）Please remember all the information mentioned above.（4）Nothing

9、 reported in the newspaper interested him.過去分詞作定語1.一般情況下，單個(gè)的過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of the disease.被污染的水造成了這次疾病的傳播。The recovered animals will be released soon. 痊愈的動(dòng)物很快會(huì)被放走。一、過去分詞作定語時(shí)的位置注意：（1）有些過去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語要放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left（剩余的）。There were a couple of s

10、eats left at the back. 后面還剩幾個(gè)位子。（2）如果被修飾的詞是指示代詞 those 或 something，everything，anything，nothing， nobody等不定代詞時(shí)，單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語要放在這些詞的后面。He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀請(qǐng)的人之一。Is there anything unsolved? 還有什么沒解決的嗎？2.過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)往往作后置定語，即放在所修飾詞之后。These trucks carry goods imported from foreign countries. 這些卡車運(yùn)送

11、從國外進(jìn)口的貨物。Is this the novel written by Henry James?這是亨利詹姆斯寫的小說嗎？1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，在語態(tài)上表示被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義上，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成。有時(shí)只表示被動(dòng)。He is a teacher respected by all the students. 他是一位受所有學(xué)生尊敬的老師。（只表示被動(dòng)）The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. 會(huì)上提出的計(jì)劃將很快被執(zhí)行。（表示被動(dòng)和完成）二、過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義2.不及物動(dòng)詞的

12、過去分詞作定語時(shí)，不表示被動(dòng)意義，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早晨，升起的太陽明亮地照耀著。When I woke up the next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 當(dāng)我第二天早上醒來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)地上全是落葉。練習(xí)：Today I tried cooking a simple dish myself. I like eating _ (fry) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it

13、must be easy to cook. fried三、過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別語態(tài)意義時(shí)態(tài)意義過去分詞被動(dòng)已完成現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行四、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別形式語態(tài)意義時(shí)態(tài)意義過去分詞done被動(dòng)已完成現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式being done被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式to be done被動(dòng)尚未發(fā)生The building built last year is our library. 去年建造的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。The building being built now is our library. 現(xiàn)在正在建造的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。The bu

14、ilding to be built next month is our library. 下個(gè)月將要建造的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。練習(xí)：Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students.spentRyan is a young man who is admired by a lot of People.Ryan is a young man admired by a lot of people. The money which is raised by his foundatio

15、n supports schools and communities in Africa. The money raised by his foundation supports schools and communities in Africa.As in the words which were spoken by Ryan, we need to not only donate money but also get new ideas. As in the words spoken by Ryan, we need to not only donate money but also ge

16、t new ideas.I think the support which is needed includes new technology for recycling water and education on how to use and save water.I think the support needed includes new technology for recycling water and education on how to use and save water.Activity 2 The United Nations Childrens Fund, also

17、knowing / known as UNICEF, is a United Nations (UN) organisation basing / based in New York. It offers help needing/needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946, to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaging /damaged in World War Il. Since 1953, UN

18、ICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing /developed world, including those living / lived with diseases or disabilities, and those affecting /affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems. Now, UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories.Activity 3known; based; needed; damaged; developing; living; affectedActivity 4Read the descriptions and u