1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)- 句子成份及練習(xí)第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞主要?jiǎng)釉~ 行為動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞輔助動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感覺(jué)/嘗/聞/聽(tīng)起來(lái)(上去)become / turn / get / grow 變得不及物動(dòng)詞 laugh / smile / look / listen及物動(dòng)詞 see / hear / drink / eatbe (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has /

2、hadwill / shall / be going tocan / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)及物動(dòng)詞是后面能夠直接跟賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物動(dòng)詞是后面不能夠直接跟賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞: la

3、ugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 假如要加賓語(yǔ),就要靠一個(gè)介詞來(lái)幫助:She looked at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match. 什么是及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞呢?!第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)常見(jiàn)不及物動(dòng)詞go come move fail work die lie live rise arise listen look agree arrive

4、sit happen take place occur break out belong stay come up come about fight struggle graduate smile nod disagree talk第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)1 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) The girl is very good. (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))2 主謂型_式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞)_式: I bought a new bike.

5、He plays volleyball. (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))_式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))_式 He asked me to help him. He made me happy. (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))本來(lái)也蠻簡(jiǎn)樸哦!我來(lái)分析一下這些句子中所包括成份第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)一、句子成份（一）句子成份定義：構(gòu)成句子各個(gè)部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主

6、要成份有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成份有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ) (Subject)1. 主語(yǔ):是一個(gè)句子主干部分之一,主語(yǔ)表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”. 主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等7種表示。比如：第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in thi

7、s class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化形容詞）第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)為后面

8、不定式）第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè)（三）謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) (Predicate) 闡明主語(yǔ)所做動(dòng)作或含有特性和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，普通放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成下列：1、簡(jiǎn)樸謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)（三）謂語(yǔ) 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如： Do you speak English？ They a

9、re working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)（四）表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以闡明主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)、特性、狀態(tài)與身份，它普通位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)普通由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句等10種情況表示。比如： 第13頁(yè)第13頁(yè)1.Our English teacher is an Americ

10、an.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）第14頁(yè)第14頁(yè)6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth i

11、s that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）第15頁(yè)第15頁(yè)注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，闡明主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特性和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，比如： He is a teacher. 2）連續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一個(gè)情況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 比如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 比如：He seems (to be) ve

12、ry sad.第16頁(yè)第16頁(yè)注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，闡明主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特性和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look 比如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）改變系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.比如：Our country is becoming richer and richer. 6）結(jié)果是;證實(shí)是 prove, turn out, 比如：The rumor proved false

13、. His plan turned out a success.第17頁(yè)第17頁(yè)（五）賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，普通位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。比如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第18頁(yè)第18頁(yè)4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday

14、.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）第19頁(yè)第19頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），比如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，比如： He sent th

15、e novel to William yesterday.For: make, buy, sing,cook等，比如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），比如：They elected him their monitor.第20頁(yè)第20頁(yè)（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（Object Complement），用于補(bǔ)充闡明賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，普通位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”普通可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分

16、詞、介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。比如：第21頁(yè)第21頁(yè)1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）第22頁(yè)第22頁(yè)（七）定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)(At

17、tribute)。定語(yǔ)可由下列等成份表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）第23頁(yè)第23頁(yè)5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短

18、語(yǔ)）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語(yǔ)從句)第24頁(yè)第24頁(yè)（八）狀語(yǔ) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，闡明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特性句子成份，叫做狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）?？捎上铝行问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city

19、for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）第25頁(yè)第25頁(yè)4.He sat in the room, making a model plane.5.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（狀語(yǔ)從句）第26頁(yè)第26頁(yè)9種狀語(yǔ)種類下列： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance p

20、arty because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）第27頁(yè)第27頁(yè) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was

21、 so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）第28頁(yè)第28頁(yè) （九）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, be

22、lieve-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第29頁(yè)第29頁(yè)簡(jiǎn)樸句種類1 主+謂2 主+謂+賓3 主+謂+賓+賓4 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 5 主+系+表we laugh.we clean the classroom.we saw him talking with the teacher.we buy him a gift.we are students.第30頁(yè)第30頁(yè)一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成份：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspape

23、r.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.第31頁(yè)第31頁(yè)9. He is to leave for Shangh

24、ai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address

25、?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.第32頁(yè)第32頁(yè)19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.一、1、主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；2、間接賓語(yǔ)；3、謂語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；4、定語(yǔ)；5、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；6、定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；7、賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；8、謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)；9、謂語(yǔ)；10、主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；11、謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；12、狀語(yǔ)；13、形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)；14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；15、插入語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；16、賓語(yǔ)(間賓+直

26、賓)；17、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；18、形式主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語(yǔ)第33頁(yè)第33頁(yè) 句子成份練習(xí)題( 二 ) 指出下列句子中劃線部分句子成份：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are

27、sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many films that Id like to see.第34頁(yè)第34頁(yè) 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot of work to do . 11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it . 12. She was the first to learn about it.

28、13.How many new words did you learn last class? 14.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 15.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 16. The old man was feeling very tired 17.We should serve the people heart and soul.第35頁(yè)第35頁(yè)18. You will find it useful after you leave school.19.Spri

29、ng coming on , the tree turned green. 20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the library that I found him today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.W

30、e left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 第36頁(yè)第36頁(yè)答案 1.主語(yǔ)從句 2謂語(yǔ) 3表語(yǔ)從句 4賓語(yǔ) 5.間賓 6.賓語(yǔ)從句 7.定語(yǔ) 8.定語(yǔ)從句 9.定語(yǔ) 10.定語(yǔ) 11.狀語(yǔ) 12.定語(yǔ) 13.賓語(yǔ) 14.狀語(yǔ) 15.狀語(yǔ) 16.表語(yǔ) 17.狀語(yǔ) 18.賓補(bǔ) 19.狀語(yǔ) 20.定語(yǔ) 21.賓語(yǔ)從句 22.主語(yǔ)從句 23.狀語(yǔ) 24.狀語(yǔ) 25.狀語(yǔ)第37頁(yè)第37頁(yè)四、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here n

31、owC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet第38頁(yè)第38頁(yè)( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. Th

32、e actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. dying( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we第39頁(yè)第39頁(yè)( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is第40頁(yè)第40頁(yè)( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is bei