1、二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題名詞與主謂一致二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題【2018年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】名詞是歷年高考的重要考點(diǎn)。對(duì)名詞的考查，主要體現(xiàn)在完形填空和短文改錯(cuò)及語(yǔ)法填空等題型中。名詞考點(diǎn)主要為：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞；抽象名詞的具體化；名詞的所有格；名詞作定語(yǔ)以及名詞固定習(xí)語(yǔ)；名詞與主謂一致等。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要掌握常用名詞的基本用法，注意一詞多義和舊詞新義。另外要多歸納總結(jié)，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境?！?018年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】【考點(diǎn)定位】2018考綱解讀和近幾年考點(diǎn)分布名詞部分主要考查名詞的詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配、名詞的數(shù)（可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)）、名詞的所有格、抽象名詞的具體化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂一致等。在

2、高考試題中，名詞常結(jié)合其他項(xiàng)目一起考查，考查題型以短文改錯(cuò)、完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空為主?！究键c(diǎn)定位】2018考綱解讀和近幾年考點(diǎn)分布體驗(yàn)高考真題1. （2017全國(guó)卷I語(yǔ)法填空）This trend, has had some unintended side 62 ._ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.真題2. （2017全國(guó)卷I短文改錯(cuò)） The instructor kept repeating the word, “Spe

3、ed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” wordseffects體驗(yàn)高考真題1. （2017全國(guó)卷I語(yǔ)法填空）This tr真題3 (2017全國(guó)卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.真題4 (2017全國(guó)卷) She has turned down several _(invitation) to star at s

4、hows in order to concentrate on her studies. crowdedinvitations真題3 (2017全國(guó)卷)It ran for just真題5 (2016全國(guó)卷) The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum she never suspects.真題6 (2016四川高考) Any smell might attract natural _ (en

5、emy) that would try to eat the little panda.enemiesdays真題5 (2016全國(guó)卷) The nursery teWhile high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this41searching process and found something that has changed m

6、y 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language (美式手語(yǔ)).I never felt an urge to 43learn any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44spoken language were enough in all my interactions (交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 4

7、5 for ASL.The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47performing their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 attracted me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness j

8、ust left me 51wanting more.42. A. progressB. experienceC. majorD. opinion45. A. loveB. concernC. goalD. request46. A. meetingB. tripC. storyD. task48. A. ideaB. amountC. dreamD. reason50. A. endB. pastC. courseD. distance2017年全國(guó)卷I完形填空While high school does not gen1. 可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)名詞種類：專有名詞普通名詞tree, apple

9、, boy, teacherfamily, class, police, crewiron, oil, light, firevalue, death, happinessChina UN the Great Wall個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞知識(shí)清單（大綱解讀）可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞1. 可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)名詞種類：tree, apple, 構(gòu)成方法 例詞 一般情況在詞尾加s catcatsgirlgirlspagepages 以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es busbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes 但有例外：stomachstoma

10、chs 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞或“元音字母y”結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接在詞尾加s two Marysthree Henrysmonkeymonkeys holidayholidays boyboys 以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的詞，把y變成i加es babybabiescitycitiesfactoryfactories storystories 名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法 例詞 一般情況在詞尾加s catcatsg以“輔音字母o”結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加es tomatotomatoes heroheroespotatopotatoes 但有例外：photophotos pianopianos 以“元音字

11、母o”結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加s radioradios zoozoos 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es knifekniveswifewiveshalfhalvesleafleaves但仍有例外： beliefbeliefsroofroofs handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves 名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化以“輔音字母o”結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加es tomatot名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成不規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成不規(guī)則變化2.不可數(shù)名詞只能充當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞的詞：baggage, luggage, furniture, equipment, information, ad

12、vice, news, word（消息） , health, wealth, weather, fun, progress, luck，clothing，jewelry，poetry，machinery2.不可數(shù)名詞只能充當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞的詞：抽象名詞具體化： 1. 具體的人或物：surprise, pleasure, shock, success, failure, beauty, honor ; 2.份數(shù)： coffee, tea, drink, death;3.a +adj.+n: rain, snow, wind , fog, fire;4.復(fù)數(shù)表類別或大量：fruit, difficul

13、ty, metal, oil, water抽象名詞具體化： 根據(jù)提示，完成下列短文，在語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)名詞的用法。Two 1._(月) ago，I had dinner at 2._ (Mr. White) with two 3. _(編輯) and three 4._ (英雄). During the dinner，White talked a lot about his 5._ (experience) in America，where he ran a 6._(magazine) store with his 7._ (22歲的) son and they met with many diff

14、iculties. He gained his 8. _(wealth) by printing works of famous writers. After the dinner，he made five 9._(tea) for us. In my view，I thought Mr. White focused too much on success because he didnt want to be a 10._ (fail).22-year-oldteasfailuremonthsMr. Whiteseditorsheroesexperiencesmagazinewealth根據(jù)

15、提示，完成下列短文，在語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)名詞的用法。22-yea名詞所有格英語(yǔ)名詞所有格有兩種：s所有格和of所有格Marys fatherthe door of the classrooma picture of Li Leisome photos of my brothersa friend of mine名詞所有格1s所有格的構(gòu)成(1)通常在單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞尾加 Jacks books Childrens Day the boys bagmens room Toms dog Joness fathermy brothers books sheeps skin(2)以-s結(jié)尾的

16、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞尾加 the students books(3)作為一個(gè)整體的詞組，一般在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加 s an hour and a halfs walk a month or twos absence所有格的構(gòu)成1s所有格的構(gòu)成所有格的構(gòu)成(4)以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，表示共同所有時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加sKate and Marys father Kate和Mary是姐妹倆表示分別所有時(shí)，在每個(gè)名詞后分別加sKates father and Marys father Kate和Mary不是姐妹倆【特別提醒】不定代詞后接else時(shí)，其所有格放在else之后somebody elses

17、bag somebody elses books(4)以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，表示共同所有時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)詞的2s所有格的用法(1)常表示有生命的東西(2)用于表示時(shí)間、距離、天體、度量衡與貨幣價(jià)值、國(guó)家、城市等時(shí)間：距離：Toms birthday the dogs ownera days work todays newspapertwenty minutes ride five minutes walk a miles distance2s所有格的用法Toms birthday t天體：the suns heat, the moons surface度量衡與貨幣價(jià)值：ten dollars

18、worth twenty pounds weight國(guó)家、城市等：Chinas industry the citys development the governments plan Chinas development（3）表示某人的家或店鋪at the doctors在診所 the tailors裁縫鋪the barbers理發(fā)店 at my uncles在我叔叔家天體：the suns heat, the moons3of 所有格的構(gòu)成the所有物of(this, that，. the, my/their.)無(wú)生命之物。4of 所有格的用法of 所有格主要用于無(wú)生命的事物，也可以用于有生

19、命的事物 the window of the house a map of Japan the name of the girl standing at the gateDoes anyone know the title of the novel?They have the support of people of the developing countries.3of 所有格的構(gòu)成5雙重所有格(1)雙重所有格的構(gòu)成 “ofs結(jié)構(gòu)”或 “of+名詞性物主代詞”(2)雙重所有格的用法：表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分，用于修飾of前面的名詞a friend of my brothers this bo

20、ok of the professors this lovely baby of my auntsDo you know any friend of my husbands?5雙重所有格【特別提醒】雙重所有格還可以表示贊賞、厭惡等感情色彩That car of Peters is very nice. (表示贊賞)The dog of Toms is very fierce. (表示厭惡、不滿)【特別提醒】名詞句法功能 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)People all over the world fight for peace.We are couch potatoes.We made

21、 him monitor of our class.Today we attended an instructive lecture.名詞句法功能People all over the worl1.(2015浙江卷) One of the most effective ways to reduce _(stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.2.(2015湖北卷) When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his _(balanced)and had a b

22、ad fall.3.(2015安徽卷) There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _(think)and then let me know.4.(2015江蘇卷) Some schools will have to make _(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform. 單句填空/改錯(cuò)stressbalancethoughtadjustments1.(2015浙江卷) One of the most e5.（2015江蘇卷) Go and say sorry

23、 to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize). 6. (2016全國(guó)卷) Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve). 7. (2015全國(guó)卷) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air con

24、dition” a house. achievementabilityapology5.（2015江蘇卷) Go and say sorry8. (2014福建高考)The smallest good habits can make a big _(different). 9. (2014遼寧高考)Ill stop and take a deep _(breathe). 10. (2014湖北高考)The police will reward whoever provides useful _(inform) to catch the robber. differencebreathinfor

25、mation8. (2014福建高考)The smallest goo11. (2014全國(guó)卷) For most of us the _(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 12. (2016全國(guó)卷) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract). 13. (2014陜西高考) On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a _(deep) of 7, 062 metres in the Pacific Ocean.

26、 changesattractiondepth11. (2014全國(guó)卷) For most of us14. (2016全國(guó)卷) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. （改錯(cuò)）15. (2017全國(guó)卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.（改錯(cuò)）16. (2016浙江高考) When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I r

27、emember well years later.（改錯(cuò)）17. (2016四川高考) Mom has a fulltime job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.（改錯(cuò)）honestyinformationchildhousework14. (2016全國(guó)卷) My uncle tells18. Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my m

28、ath.（改錯(cuò)）19. Now Im feeling regretful and disturbed. Im not sure whether a computers repair shop can get the documents back.（改錯(cuò)）20. Once I broke a neighbor window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.（改錯(cuò)）approachescomputerneighbors18. Considering my case, my te主謂一致主謂一致（Agreement）是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須在

29、人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are，were，have等；主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如：is， was，has，works。主謂一致三原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近原則主謂一致主謂一致（Agreement）是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況1.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、長(zhǎng)度、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)Twenty years _( is /are ) only a short tie in human history.2.主語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)詞不定式或（一個(gè)以上）的疑問(wèn)詞加不定式、動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)Writing stories and articles

30、_(are/is) what he likes.Whatever was left _(were/ was) taken away.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(have/ has ) not been decided yet.一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況1.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、長(zhǎng)度、重量3.以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，形復(fù)而意單，表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)The United States _(are/ is)made up of 50 states.The Times _(is / are) a newspap

31、er for the British government.4. a kind of , a pair of, the number of, one and a half 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)One and a half apples_(is / are) left on the table.5. Many a / more than one / each / every/ either/ neither 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)Many a student_ (has/ have) seen the film.More than one student _(have/ has) seen the film.3.以-s結(jié)

32、尾的單數(shù)名詞，形復(fù)而意單，表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、6.everyand every/ each and each/ noand no/ many a and many a連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)Every desk and every chair _(are/ is) made up of wood.Many a boy and many a girl _(has /have) made the same mistake.7.由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念或成對(duì)的名詞(the n.+ and +n. bread and butter, soda and water, coffee and

33、milk, knife and fork)The worker and writer _ (are/ is) from Wuhan.The worker and the writer _ (are/ is) from Beijing.Bread and butter_(is /are) a daily food in the West.A knife and fork_ (is/are) needed.War and peace_ (is /are) a constant theme in history.6.everyand every/ each and 9.不定代詞any (one, t

34、hing, body), some (one, thing, body), every (one, thing, body), no (one, thing, body)作主語(yǔ)Someone_ (be) waiting for you.Anybody _(be) to be punished if he/she breaks the rules here.isis9.不定代詞any (one, thing, body), 二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.people, police, cattle 等形單意復(fù)的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)The police _(are/ is) looking for the

35、 missing child.2.the+adj./ed 表示一類人；the+ 姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人作主語(yǔ)The rich_(are/is) not always happy.The whites _(are/is)going to make a trip to London.The injured _(has/ have)been taken to hospital.3.由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)The Olympic games _(are/is) held once every four years.4. A number of / quantities of/

36、a group of +名詞作主語(yǔ)A group of students _(is/ are) absent yesterday.二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.people, police, 三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定1.集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, crowd, audience, public, group, government, majority等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指各個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)His family _(is/are) a great one.His family _(is/ are) music lovers.2.means, w

37、orks, sheep, fish, deer 等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概念或其修飾語(yǔ)而定The steel works_(is/are) near the village.Every means _(has/have) been tried without any result.All means _(has/have) been tried without any result.三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定1.集體名詞class, fa3. “some/any/half/ most/enough/part/the rest/分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of之后的

38、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一致The rest of the students _(is/are) watering trees.The rest of the wine _(has/ have) gone bad.4.定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)He is a boy who _(is/are) hardworking.There are some books which_(is/are) very useful.注意：one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù) +定從+復(fù)謂 the only/ very/ right+ one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定從+ 單謂He is one of the few person

39、s who_ (has/have) a good knowledge of Italian.He is the very one of the few persons who_ (has/have) a good knowledge of Italian.3. “some/any/half/ most/enough5.What 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式What we need_(is/are) more time.What he need_(is /are) books.6.代詞what, who, which, all ,most, more, rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)其

40、所指代的意義確定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式All_(is/are) here and all_(is/are) ready.What _(is/are) wrong with you?5.What 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式四、就近一致原則由or, either or , neither nor, not but, not only but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致（there be ）Not only he but also I _(is/are/ am) invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat _(go/goe

41、s) with the dress.注意：n+ with /along with/ together with/ including/ but/ except/ like/ as well as/ rather than + n,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和前一個(gè)名詞一致The teacher with a number of students _(is/are) in the classroom.Nobody but the students _(is/are) on the playground.四、就近一致原則由or, either or , nei隨堂檢測(cè)On the wall_(hang) two large portraits.The number of the people invited_(be) fifty, but a number of them _(be) absent for different reasons.When and where to build the new factory _(be) not decided.Nothing _(have) been done to stop the lake from being polluted.More than one person _(kill) in the accident.More ques