1、Module5 Grammar語(yǔ)法專題突破品味語(yǔ)法1If I had ticket，I would go to the concert.If I were you，I could take his advice.2If you had worked hard，you would have passed the final examination.3If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off.If I should come tomorrow，I could see the general manager.虛擬語(yǔ)氣()

2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣不太顧及事實(shí)，它表現(xiàn)出說(shuō)話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的，或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于毫無(wú)可能。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了使說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。講解歸納一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用虛擬條件句的條件和結(jié)果都在同一時(shí)間范疇之內(nèi)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：虛擬條件句使用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)：1當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If the doctors hadnt tried their best to s

3、ave you，you wouldnt be standing here now.如果醫(yī)生不全力搶救你，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在這兒了。2.若條件狀語(yǔ)從句中包含有were，had，should，有時(shí)可把if省略掉，把were，had，should放在主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。If I were twenty now，I would join the army.Were I twenty now，I would join the army.如果我現(xiàn)在二十歲，我就參軍。If we had made a great effort，we might have succeeded.Had we made a grea

4、t effort，we might have succeeded.如果我們(過(guò)去)做了很大的努力的話，我們可能就會(huì)獲得成功了。二、含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)(without , but for )來(lái)引出.Without electricity，human life would be quite different today.如果沒有電，人類現(xiàn)在的生活就會(huì)是另外一個(gè)樣子了。The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.要

5、不是船長(zhǎng)的努力，我們就會(huì)連船帶人都沉沒了。.單項(xiàng)填空1(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I _ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.AstudiedBwould studyChad studied Dwas studying解析：選C。句意：也許如果我那時(shí)學(xué)理而不是文，我現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的時(shí)態(tài)：haddone，故選C。4Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think

6、we_it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed解析：選B。句意為：謝謝你上周的努力工作，要是沒有你，我想我們不可能做成這件事?！安豢赡茏龀伞?，但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做成了，故須用表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。5The couple feel more comfortable on a ship than they would do if they_any other way.Atravel Bare travelingCtraveled Dhave traveled解析：選C。這是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)

7、相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。6Had you followed the doctors advice，you would be much better now.But you_.Adont BhaventChadnt Ddidnt解析：選D句意為：如果你聽醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在感覺會(huì)好得多。但你卻沒聽。7Thank you for giving me a hand.I_in the experiment without your valuable help.Ahave failed Bwill failCwould have failed Dmust have failed解析：選C句意

8、為：謝謝你幫我。沒有你的幫助我的實(shí)驗(yàn)就會(huì)失敗。由題意可知，幫助是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。8If the weather_more favorable，the crops_still better now.Awere；would have grownBhas been；would be growingChad；would have grownDhad been；would be growing解析：選D句意為：如果天氣更有利些，也許莊稼現(xiàn)在能長(zhǎng)得更好。條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)用had過(guò)去分詞，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在

9、事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)would動(dòng)詞原形。本題用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示“莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)正旺”。10_to do the work，I should do it some other day.AIf were I BI wereCWere I DWas I 解析：選C與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，從句用倒裝。自我探究例句1，as if后面所表示的不是事實(shí)的話，從句謂語(yǔ)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表現(xiàn)在用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；例句2，wish 后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，表示愿望，也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；例句3，在某些特定動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用(should) do形式。虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ()1would rather 之后的

10、賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示寧愿讓別人做某事。(1)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事。Id rather you went home now.我寧愿讓你現(xiàn)在就回家。Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend.明天別來(lái)，我寧愿你下個(gè)周末來(lái)。講解歸納用法賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式例句表示目前不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那樣忙碌。表示過(guò)去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望had動(dòng)詞的ed形式She wished she had stayed at home.她當(dāng)時(shí)要是留在家里就好了。用法

11、賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式例句表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望would/could動(dòng)詞原形I wish you wouldnt smoke any more.我希望你不要再抽煙了。3.(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為表示“建議”、“命令”、“請(qǐng)求”和“要求”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如suggest(建議)，propose(提議)，recommend(建議)，move(提議)，advise(建議)，insist(堅(jiān)持要求)，ask(要求)，require，request(要求)，demand，desire，order，command(命令)，decide，intend(打算)，prefer(寧愿)，urge(催促)時(shí)，其后的

12、賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。They urged that we (should) take action on this matter immediately.他們極力主張我們對(duì)這件事立即采取行動(dòng)。注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持聲稱”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(2)在句型“It is/was過(guò)去分詞that從句”中，當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞為“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted，required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，ur

13、ged”等時(shí)，從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。It is desired that everyone(should) get everything ready by tonight.要求每一個(gè)人在今晚之前要將一切準(zhǔn)備好。It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party.請(qǐng)求張小姐在晚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。(3)在表示主張、要求、命令等概念的名詞，如advice，order，request，requirement，suggestion，command，necessity，impo

14、rtance，idea，plan，motion(提議)，proposal(建議)，recommendation(建議)，understanding(協(xié)議)等后面的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提出了我們下星期開會(huì)的建議。(同位語(yǔ)從句)His suggestion that the meeting(should)be held in this room has been accepted.他的關(guān)于在這個(gè)房間召開會(huì)議的建議被采納了。(同位

15、語(yǔ)從句)My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是我們多找些人來(lái)參加會(huì)議。(表語(yǔ)從句)4(1)在句型“It is/was形容詞that從句”中，當(dāng)形容詞為“important，necessary，strange，natural，essential，urgent(緊要的)，proper(適當(dāng)?shù)?，appropriate(合適的)”等時(shí)，從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。It is important and necessary that we should master

16、a foreign language.掌握一門外語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的和必要的。It is strange that he(should)refuse your help.他竟然拒絕你們的幫助，真奇怪。(2)在句型“It is/was名詞that從句”中，當(dāng)名詞為“a pity，a shame，no wonder”等時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should表示出人意料，常譯成“竟然”。It is a great pity that he should be so selfish.真遺憾，他竟然那么自私。(3)在句型“It is(high)time(that)從

17、句”中，從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形(should不可省)，表示“現(xiàn)在該做某事了”。It is(high)time(that)we went home.我們?cè)摶丶伊恕＿€可表示為：It is time for sb.to do sth.。到了某人該做某事的時(shí)候了。5由as if和as though等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示方式時(shí)，意思是“好像”，這時(shí)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were的形式)表示所說(shuō)的與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示所說(shuō)的與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。The teacher treats the pupil as if he were h

18、er own child.那位老師對(duì)待那個(gè)學(xué)生就像對(duì)待自己的孩子。注意：如果說(shuō)話人講的事與事實(shí)相符。as if從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It looks as if its going to rain.看起來(lái)要下雨了。6if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，表示“如果就好了”，可使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。If only I had taken her advice last week. I wish I had taken her advice last week.如果上星期我聽從她的建議就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)來(lái)。注意：only if引導(dǎo)條件句，表示“只有”；on

19、ly起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。語(yǔ)法專練.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Our teacher has loved us as if we _(be)her children.答案：were2He suggested that a meeting _(hold)to discuss the issue.答案：(should)be held3If only I _(meet)that film star yesterday.答案：had met4My idea is that we _(think)it over before accepting it.答案：should think5Your pale face

20、suggests that you _(be)ill.答案：are6I would rather they _(not hear)of the news.答案：hadnt heard7She speaks English so fluently as if she _(study)English in America.答案：had studied8It is necessary that he _(send)there immediately.答案：(should)be sent9I wish I _(know)what is happening there in his room.答案：kn

21、ew10The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _(raise)by 15 percent.答案：(should) be raised.單項(xiàng)填空1(2010年高考江蘇卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _ more on its culture.Afocus BfocusedCwould focus Dhad focused解析：選Bwould rather后接從句時(shí)后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

22、式。2The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt BcouldntCneednt Dshouldnt 解析：選D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。recommend，suggest，demand等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。故這里選D項(xiàng)。3My uncle suggests I _ abroad.I would rather you _ at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay解析：選Csuggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是should動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。would rather后跟從句時(shí)，從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處用過(guò)去時(shí)。4Your advice that she