1、文檔編碼 : CE3K1O6J10V4 HG6A6X3I6V3 ZK7P4P5K4O7高二人教新課標(biāo)選修6 unit 1 Art課文翻譯Reading 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to des

2、cribe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages 5th to the 15th century AD During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this

3、 period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began t

4、o paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance 15th to 16th century 1 / 9 During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same t

5、ime painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, th

6、eir houses and possessions, as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking

7、 through a hole in the wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the ne

8、w paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism late 19th to early 20th century 2 / 9 In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many peop

9、le moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The impressio

10、nists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At fi

11、rst, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern art 20th century to today At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted

12、as the beginning of what we call modern art. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstr

13、act; that is, 3 / 9 the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photograph

14、s. They styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future. 西方繪畫藝術(shù)簡史藝術(shù)是受著人民生活習(xí)俗和信仰的影響的；西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格經(jīng)受了多次變革；由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多 述；因此 ,本文只談與從公元種多樣 ,在短短的一篇課文里不行能進行全面的描 6 世紀(jì)以來最主要的幾種藝術(shù)風(fēng)格；中世紀(jì) 公元 5 世紀(jì)到 15 世紀(jì) 在中世紀(jì) ,畫家的主要任務(wù)是把XX 的主題表現(xiàn)出來；一個傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于照實地出現(xiàn)自然和人物； 那個時期的典型的繪畫布滿了 XX 的象特點 ,表達

15、出了對土帝的寵愛與敬重；但是,很明顯到了 13 世紀(jì)時 ,觀念發(fā)生變化 ,像喬托這樣的畫家開頭以一種比較現(xiàn)實的風(fēng)格來畫 XX 場景；文藝復(fù)興時期 15 世紀(jì)到 16 世紀(jì) 在文藝復(fù)興時期 ,新的思想和價值觀逐步取代了中世紀(jì)的思想和價值觀；人們開頭較少關(guān)注 XX 主題 而實行一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度；同時畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上；他們力爭照實地畫出4 / 9 人物和自然；富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品并用來裝飾自己的高級宮殿和豪宅,他們出價聘請著名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫像 ,畫自己的房屋和其他財物 ,以與他們的活動和成就；在此期間 ,最重要的發(fā)覺之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物；這一手法是1428

16、 年由馬薩喬第一次使 用的；當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫時 ,仍以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景 ,并對此深信不疑；假如 沒有發(fā)覺透視法 ,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫； 巧合的是這一時期油畫顏料也得到了進展 ,它使得繪 畫的顏色看上去更豐富、 更深沉；沒有新的顏料和新的 繪畫 手法 ,我們就不能看到許多使這一時代著名的杰作；印象派時期 19 世紀(jì)后期到 20 世紀(jì)初期 19 世紀(jì)后期 ,歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化 ,從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會；許多人從農(nóng)村遷入到新城市；有著許多新制造,仍有許多社會變革；這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風(fēng)格；在那 生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家；些突

17、破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家；他們急迫地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈 現(xiàn)出來；然而由于自然光的變化很快 ,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫 ,因此,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫 家們的畫那樣細致了；起初 ,許多人都不寵愛這種畫法 ,甚至仍怒不行遏；他們說這些畫家作畫時漫不經(jīng) 心、粗枝大葉 ,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑；現(xiàn)代藝術(shù) 20 世紀(jì)至今 5 / 9 在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期 ,它們是存在著爭議的 ,但是如今己被人們接受而 成為現(xiàn)在我們所說的 現(xiàn) 代藝術(shù) 的始祖了；這是由于印象派鼓勵畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境；如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格有好幾十種 ,然而假如沒有印

18、象派,那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不行能存在；一方面,有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的 , 也就是說 ,畫家并不預(yù)備把我們眼睛看到的東西照實地畫出來 ,而是集中出現(xiàn)物體的 某些品質(zhì)特性 ,用色 彩、線條和形狀把它們顯現(xiàn)出來；而另一方面 ,有些現(xiàn)代派 的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫實 ,看上去就像是照片；這些風(fēng)格如此不同；誰能預(yù)言將 來會有什么樣的繪畫藝術(shù)風(fēng)格 . Reading 2 THE BEST OF MANHATTANS ART GALLERIES The Frick Collection 5th Avenue and E.70th Street Many art lovers would rather visit

19、 this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collecti

20、on. You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit. GuggenheimMuseum 5th Avenue and 88th Street This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It w

21、ill appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The 6 / 9 GuggenheimMuseum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk d

22、own to the bottom. There are no stairs, just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant. MetropolitanMuseum of Art 5th Avenue and 82nd Street The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts o

23、f the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century Fre

24、nch house and many other special exhibitions. Museum of Modern Art 53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous arti

25、sts as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded. Whitney Museum of American Art 945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street 7 / 9 The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists. 曼哈頓藝術(shù)畫廊薈萃 弗里克保藏館 第 5 大道和第 70