1、議論文體完形填空文體特點(diǎn)與方法點(diǎn)撥 一、文體特點(diǎn) 1議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解或提出主張的說(shuō)理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀的解釋事物，還力圖說(shuō)服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。 超鏈接 2議論文都是由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)“提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題”的過(guò)程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論(提出問(wèn)題，即what)、本論(分析問(wèn)題，即why)和結(jié)論(解決問(wèn)題，即how)三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。 3議論文的語(yǔ)言自然客觀，概括性強(qiáng)，比較抽象。同時(shí)，它的語(yǔ)言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏輯。文中會(huì)較多地使用有辯論和推理含義的連接和過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。 4作者的寫(xiě)作態(tài)度一般也

2、較誠(chéng)懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語(yǔ)氣，不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、逼人接受的感覺(jué)，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 二、方法點(diǎn)撥 1把握首句，這樣就可以迅速找到文章所要論證的觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而理解全文的主旨大意。英語(yǔ)議論文中絕大部分首句就是全文的論點(diǎn)，而且通常每段的首句就是主題句(topic sentence)。因此抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。 2理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。體會(huì)作者謀篇布局的方法，了解各個(gè)段落的功能，感受作者論證的過(guò)程，理順文章的各部分，直到條理清楚為止，然后再根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的把握及

3、各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。 3把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點(diǎn)，把握作者對(duì)某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對(duì)，而通常把握了作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。考題例析與模板應(yīng)用高考示例(2012江蘇高考) The concept of solitude (獨(dú)處) in the digital world is almost nonexistent.In the world of digital technology, email, social networking and online video games, infor

4、mation is meant to be _36_.Solitude can be hard to discover _37_ it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have _38_ our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) _39_ as weve known it.People have become so _40_ in the world of networks and connections that one c

5、an often be contacted _41_ theyd rather not be.Today we can talk, text, email, chat and blog (寫(xiě)博客), not only from our _42_， but from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become _43_ on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_ it wo

6、uld make them an outsider._45_， many jobs and careers require people to be _46_.From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a _47_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is

7、 still possible for anyone who _48_ wants it.Computers can be shut _49_ and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many _50_， as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up _51_ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people

8、 feel _52_ and forced to answer unwanted calls or _53_ to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _54_ across generations.Some find todays technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_

9、daily advancements in technology.36.A.updatedBreceived Cshared Dcollected37A.though Buntil Conce Dbefore38A.respected Bshaped Cignored Dpreserved39A.edge Bstage Cend Dbalance40A.sensitive Bintelligent Cconsiderate Dreachable41A.even if Bonly if Cas if Dif only42A.media Bcomputers Cdatabases Dmonitor

10、s43A.bent Bhard Ckeen Ddependent44A.finding Busing Cprotecting Dchanging45A.Also BInstead COtherwise DSomehow46A.connected Btrained Crecommended Dinterested47A.pleasure Bbenefit Cburden Ddisappointment48A.slightly Bhardly Cmerely Dreally49A.out Bdown Cup Din50A.aspects Bweaknesses Cadvantages Dexcep

11、tions51A.hidden Blost Crelaxed Ddeserted52A.trapped Bexcited Cconfused Damused 53.A.turn Bsubmit Cobject Dreply 54.A.vary Barise Cspread Dexist 55.A.beyond Bwithin Cdespite Dwithout 一、讀懂文章是解題的關(guān)鍵(如何讀) 1速讀文章，了解文章大意 Whats the passage mainly about? _ With the development of digital technology, the conce

12、pt of solitude is disappearing. People are connected with each other by means of computers or mobile phones. Although people have different attitudes towards the change, the advance of technology does make a difference to the world.2精讀文章，理清細(xì)枝末節(jié)(完成下面框圖)二、套用模板快速準(zhǔn)確解題(如何做)題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)

13、義理解代入法根據(jù)前面提到獨(dú)處的概念幾乎是不存在的，可知信息是被共享的。C37考查句際關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可推知獨(dú)處一旦被放棄就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)。C36題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解邏輯關(guān)系承接前句而來(lái)，再由第三段中. technology has changed the culture of work.，構(gòu)成前后照應(yīng)。B39考查固定搭配固定結(jié)構(gòu)照應(yīng)法bring . to an end“使結(jié)束”，為固定搭配。C38題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案考查形容詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法根據(jù)后半句. connections that one can

14、often be contacted .及第三段Being reachable .前后照應(yīng)，其中reachable為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。D41考查句際關(guān)系及連詞詞義辨析邏輯關(guān)系或代入法根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。A40題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案考查名詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解代入法根據(jù)常識(shí)及上文中的network可知，talk, text, email, chat and blog等應(yīng)與電腦有關(guān)，后文也提到還有手機(jī)。B43考查上下文語(yǔ)義理解代入法根據(jù)空格后說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于使用數(shù)字技術(shù)可知發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家依賴(lài)于它。D42題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案45考查句際關(guān)系及副詞詞

15、義辨析邏輯關(guān)系承接上句而來(lái)，表示進(jìn)一步陳述人們與新技術(shù)的聯(lián)系。 A44考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解照應(yīng)法或邏輯關(guān)系承接前句而來(lái)，根據(jù)空格前他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于使用數(shù)字技術(shù)并依賴(lài)于它，因此不用就會(huì)out，前后照應(yīng)。B46考查上下文語(yǔ)義理解原詞及近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法根據(jù)上下文多次提到connect和contact可知。A題號(hào)定考向聽(tīng)課記錄用方法思路分析答案48考查副詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解代入法根據(jù)空格前提到的still possible便可推知。D47考查名詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解 照應(yīng)法根據(jù)空格后半句may not want to be able to be contacted at all times可知經(jīng)常被聯(lián)系是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。C49考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法承接上句而來(lái)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空格后同義短語(yǔ)turn off便可推知。D題號(hào)定考向用方法思路分析答案51考查上下文語(yǔ)義理解代入法根據(jù)空格后半句mobile phones have saved countless lives可知。B50考查名詞詞義辨析及上下文語(yǔ)義理解 反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法根據(jù)空格后disadvantages可推知。C聽(tīng)課記錄題號(hào)定考向用方法思路分析答案53