1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 語法講解Wuxun High SchoolNon-finite1非謂語動(dòng)詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式Gerund 動(dòng)名詞Participle 分詞Non-finite2Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定):not to doPassive voice:3(1). 主語 Subject不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a pl

2、easure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.Non-finiteis important to get enough sleep at night41.吸煙對(duì)你來說是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時(shí)間。鞏固練習(xí)15(2). 表語 PredicativeMy job

3、isYour task _(努力學(xué)習(xí)).is to study hardNon-finiteTo see is to believe.to teach you English.6These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 賓語 Object常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to doNon-finitelike to domanage to do7think considerfind make feel

4、形式賓語4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我決定不留下來。I decided not to stay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Students thought_.7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 鞏固練習(xí)28The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 賓補(bǔ) Complement五看

5、watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二聽 listen to hear一感覺: feel當(dāng)遇到下列動(dòng)詞時(shí),不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. Non-finite醫(yī)生建議他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+ sb to do9I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb

6、 be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改錯(cuò): He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work10(5). 定語 Attributive (如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books

7、to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）a room to live in11I

8、came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.表目的2.表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表結(jié)果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.Non-finite121._ late in the morning ,

9、 Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題鞏固練習(xí)2翻譯：1935年,他離開家再也沒回來。In 1935 he left home never to return.131. 作主語2. 作表語3. 作賓語4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語5. 作定語6. 作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分:14主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式Tense and Voice （時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have bee

10、n doing-15(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前)161.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your m

11、other know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told鞏固練習(xí)3173. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonder

12、ful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave18who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請(qǐng)。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(賓語)How to solve the problem is very important.(主語)如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始

13、。My question is when to start.(表語)Non-finite不定式與疑問詞連用:19關(guān)于省略 (1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.Non-finiteA.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.201. -Did you get a job?

14、 - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to鞏固練習(xí)421不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶to.(1). She could do

15、nothing but _ .(cry)(2). I have no choice but_. (go)(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleepNon-finite22Exercise23 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We

16、 find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 241. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. tryi

17、ng to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding254. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cle

18、aned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 265. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been

19、studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make277. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didn

20、t know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 289. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it of

21、f D. having turned it off2911. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3013. Lit

22、tle Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make31Assignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.32不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)

23、放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位關(guān)系We all have a chance to go to college.33固定句型:had better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to d

24、o A rather than (to) do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子（過去式） （虛擬語氣） 要做34注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在the first, the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do。 如：I began t

25、o understand the truth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen*so as to do一般不放在句首。

26、()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning35My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.explained B. to explain C. being exp

27、lained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. beingBDC364.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.learned B

28、. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it offBDC377.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by

29、the customers.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyBA389. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.expected B.

30、tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go BDB3912._ a living, she

31、 had to work from morning till night.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being readAAC40Exercise411. Robert is said _ abroad,

32、 but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in m

33、y new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects424. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B

34、. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 437. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ h

35、ere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to4410. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eati

36、ng not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having inven

37、ted4513. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D.

38、not to make461.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.10. How to solve this prob

39、lem is very important.（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）獨(dú)立成分和疑問詞連用47Gerund一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二. 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)ing 一般式完成式makinghaving made(不作定語）being madehaving been made(不作定語48三. 在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1. 作主語2. 作賓語3. 作定語4. 作表語49Collecting information is very important to business.1.

40、作主語:Seeing is believing. e.g.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy50對(duì)著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。Crying over the spilt milk is no use.It is no use crying over the spi

41、lt milk.類似的還有：It is no good doing sth.It is no use doing sth.51I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作賓語: Vt. Prep.+doing52下列動(dòng)詞通常用ing形式作賓語：admit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, con

42、sider, cant help, 等。如:1） 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 53 下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞toe.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in,

43、 be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用ing形式作賓語.e.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving broken54to do 和doing 的區(qū)別:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doi

44、ngstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing55注意: 動(dòng)詞如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法:V + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to

45、you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.56advisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g. ： The little boy admitted having broken the glass.They shouldnt allow park

46、ing in the street ; its too narrow.I forbid smoking in my houseWe do not permit smoking in the office573.作表語My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.His job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞584.作定語:a walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping car區(qū)別The

47、walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)59Gerund的邏輯主語:Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the party.我?guī)缀鯚o法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.60動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義:在動(dòng)詞或詞組need, want, require,

48、be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義:Your composition needs improving.Your composition needs to be improved.The book is worth reading a second time.The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.61非謂語動(dòng)詞 語法講解Wuxun High SchoolNon-finite62非謂語動(dòng)詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式Gerund 動(dòng)名詞Participle 分詞Non-fini

49、te-ing 分詞-ed 分詞63 -ing分詞(以make為例 )-ed 分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式完成式主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式 完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX64分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和賓語. 成份類別主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞651.作定語-the sun which is rising-ing分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有前置位&后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is

50、a worker who has already retired.e.g.3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位:后置位- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-ing分詞表示“進(jìn)行” -ed分詞表示“完成”-ing分詞表示“主動(dòng)”-ed分詞表示 “被動(dòng)”主動(dòng)進(jìn)行被動(dòng)完成在

51、時(shí)態(tài)上:在語態(tài)上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. 66Exercises : The _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. I dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcanned1. 站在她媽媽旁邊的那個(gè)女孩看上去很膽小。The girl_ by her mother looked very timid. 2. 最近到處在議論的話題都與2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)有關(guān)。 The to

52、pics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussed67Whats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed進(jìn)行完成將來2. The topics _(discuss) at to

53、morrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.68鞏固練習(xí)一用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference wer

54、e foreigners.4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantbeing questionedrespectinginvitedbeing discussed695.被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 The boy was sent to the hospital immediately.6.每天給我辦公室送郵件的人是位退休工人.The man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my office70The glass is broken.Th

55、e food smells inviting .2.作表語What he said sounds_ (convince). He was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服71類似情況還有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tir

56、ing tired , disappointing disappointed, encouraging encouraged ， amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished. -ed 分詞Sb. + Link.v + -ed分詞-ing分詞 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分詞 人的感覺事物本身的特點(diǎn)72鞏固練習(xí)二用所給動(dòng)詞的-ed 或ing形式填空：1)The journey was quite_(tire)2)The result of the exam made me _ (di

57、sappoint)3)This was really an _moment(excite)4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)5)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)6)The present situation is _(encourage)tiringdisappointedexcitingpuzzled delightedencouraging73They caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationHe was cau

58、ght cheating in the mid-term examination.You cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作補(bǔ)語1.賓語補(bǔ)足語2.主語補(bǔ)足語3.介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語74Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play) the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被動(dòng)”“主動(dòng)”More exercisescleanedplayingsh

59、ut“被動(dòng)”75I heard my sister _ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _ in English. Mother heard her kid _ the door . Mother heard the door _. (open)With the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.We _ during our last meeting.我們留下了很多問題沒解決.Would you please speak louder so

60、as to _? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened鞏固練習(xí)三finished76分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語,而句子本身可與狀語從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。4.作狀語771.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = He