1、否定句的常見形式和用法中學(xué)英語表達(dá)否定含義的句式形式多樣，用法靈活。準(zhǔn)確地掌握與否定相關(guān)的 語句形式和用法，有助于提高英語閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)確性。本文就中學(xué)英語中否定句 的常見形式和用法總結(jié)如下：一、常見否定句：否定副詞 not, seldom, never, hardly, rarely, nowhere 等與謂語 動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Im afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend. 恐怕這個(gè)周末我不能參 加你們的聚會(huì)。I can hardly understand what he said just now. 我不能理解他剛才所說的話。

2、 注意：這些否定副詞用于句首時(shí)，主句要使用倒裝語序。例如：Seldom does he go to work late. 他很少上班遲到。Nowhere else can you find such a beautiful sunset. 你在別的地方不能見到如此 美麗的日落。Never in my life have I heard such nonsense!我這輩子從來沒有聽過這種廢話！二、否定祈使句：由“Dont或Never+動(dòng)詞原形”所構(gòu)成。例如：Dont give up trying even though it is difficult to learn English!英語雖然

3、難學(xué)，但千萬別放棄嘗試！Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade. 切勿忘恩負(fù)義。Never judge people by their appearance. 不可以貌取人。三、 全部否定：由“否定主語（否定代詞或no+名詞）+肯定謂語”所構(gòu)成。 例如：Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上無難事，只怕有心人。None of us can speak French.我們都不會(huì)講法語。No man is born wise. 人非生而知之。注意：常用“neither/nor +

4、助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”來表達(dá)“某人也不”。 例如：Jim didnt know her secret, neither/nor did Jack.吉姆不知道她的秘密，杰克也不知道。If you dont accept his invitation, neither shall I.如果你不接受他的邀請(qǐng)，我也 不接受。四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移：常見的否定轉(zhuǎn)移有兩種情況。1. 含有原因狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，形式上雖然否定主句的謂語，然而意義 上則是否定該原因狀語，譯為“并不因?yàn)槎?。例?Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle ha

5、d said so.伽利略并不只是因?yàn)閬喞锼苟嗟抡f過某事如何如何，就輕易相信它。The mountain is not valuable because it is high. 山不在高。當(dāng) think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)否定意義的賓語從句 時(shí)，通常把從句中的not提前，把主句變成否定句，從句用肯定形式。例如：We dont believe that the news is true. 我們相信這個(gè)消息不是真的。 I dont think that he is honest. 我認(rèn)為他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。注意：（1）把這些發(fā)生否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變?yōu)?/p>

6、反意疑問句時(shí)，疑問部分應(yīng)與賓 語從句主謂部分構(gòu)成反意疑問句。例如：I dont think that he is honest, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。（2）not 常用在 I think, I believe, I expect, I suppose, I guess, Im afraid 之后，構(gòu) 成省略句。例如：-Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow? -Im afraid not.-你認(rèn)為明天天氣會(huì)好嗎？-恐怕不是。-Do you believe that Rocket will win the game? -I believe

7、 not. （=I dont believeso.）-你相信火箭隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎？-我看不會(huì)。五、否定疑問句：常用來表示反問、驚訝、建議、贊嘆等語氣。例如： Dont you know these traffic rules? 難道你不知道這些交通規(guī)則嗎？ Arent you supposed to be working? 你不是應(yīng)該正在干活嗎？You look pale. Why dont you have a rest? 你看起來臉色蒼白，為什么不休息一 會(huì)兒？Isnt it a lovely day?天氣多好啊！注意：在回答否定疑問句時(shí)，要根據(jù)具體事實(shí)作答。例如：-Didnt you see t

8、he film Titanic yesterday? -. I would like to have seen it.A. Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I didnt D. No, I did 由于yes與肯定句連用，no與否定句連用，首先可排除C, D兩項(xiàng)。A, B形 式都正確，但從題目語境中最后一句話“我倒希望自己看了那部電影?！笨芍?實(shí)上我昨天沒有看電影，故答案選B。如果把題干最后一句話改為“Its very moving.”，則說明我昨天看過電影，正確答案就應(yīng)該選A。這種“根據(jù)事實(shí)作 答”在運(yùn)用中很不容易掌握，大家應(yīng)該仔細(xì)體會(huì)其用法；同時(shí)，這種

9、應(yīng)答方法也 適合于對(duì)“前否后肯型”反意疑問句和否定祈使句的回答。例如：-You havent been to Beijing, have you?-. And I visited the SummerPalace.A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent 從答語提示可知事實(shí)上我去過北京，故答案選A。全句譯為：“一一你沒有去 過北京，是嗎？不，我去過。我還去參觀過頤和園?！绷?、非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式：通常把not或never放在非謂語動(dòng)詞to do, doing, p.p 的前面。例如：I advised him no

10、t to smoke but he wouldnt listen. 我勸他別抽煙，可他不愿意 聽。Not having received a reply, she wrote him another letter.由于沒有收到他的回信，她又給他寫了一封信。Not allowed to take part in the game, they felt very disappointed. 因?yàn)椴蛔屗麄儏⒓颖荣?，他們感到非常失望。七、雙重否定句：由兩個(gè)否定詞搭配構(gòu)成，表示一個(gè)較強(qiáng)的肯定語氣。例如：Without air or water, man can not live on the earth

11、.沒有空氣和水，人類是無法在地 球上生存的。Dont try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety.如果不懂安全規(guī)則，千萬別動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Its never too late to learn.活至U老，學(xué)至U老。He will not do it for nothing.他不會(huì)無緣無故做這件事。There is no success without hardships. 沒有經(jīng)歷暴雨，那有彩虹。If the world becomes less unfair, much of the poverty can b

12、e wiped out.如果世界變得更加公平，就可以消除大部分貧窮。He was nothing if not clever.他很聰明。（“nothing if not表示“極其）八、部分否定:通常由not與表示整體意義的詞（如:everyone, everything, all, each, always, entirely等）連用來表達(dá)。例如：Not all the animals hibernate in winter.（或者： All the animals dont hibernate in winter.）并非所有的動(dòng)物冬天都要冬眠。Everything on the Intern

13、et is not reliable.網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的東西并非都是可信的。Im not always at home on Sundays.我星期天不一定總在家。His attention was not entirely paid to his research.他的注意力并未全部用在他的研究工作上。九、含蓄否定：英語中有些句子雖然并不使用否定詞，但也能表達(dá)否定意思。例 如：That is more than I can do.我干不了那件事。He is too young to carry so heavy a case.他太小，搬不動(dòng)這么重的箱子。This is the last thing I

14、 would ever want to do.這是我最不愿意做的事。It is three years since he was a teacher.他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)有三年時(shí)間了。（在Itis +時(shí)間段+ since”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示否定意義。） You could have done the job better 訐 you had put more time into it. 女口果你多花的 時(shí)間，你的工作會(huì)做得更好。（工作做得并不好。用肯定形式的虛擬語氣可以表 示實(shí)際的否定意義。）十、否定形式肯定意義：英語中有些句子形式否定但卻表達(dá)肯定意義，對(duì)其理解切不可望文生義。例如：

15、Isnt this film moving?這部電影難道不感人嗎？（否定疑問句常表示肯定意義）English is not too difficult to learn. 英語并不太難學(xué).（雙重否定句表示肯定意義。）He is too ready to help others. 他總是樂于助人.（“too修飾 ready, glad, anxious, eager 等 詞時(shí)相當(dāng)于“very）You cannot be too careful to do your homework.（或者： You can never be careful enough to do your homework.

16、）做作業(yè)你越仔細(xì)越好（或者：無論怎樣仔細(xì)也不過分）.He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么小心，一定會(huì)注意到這一點(diǎn)的。（“too.not to do表示“太不會(huì)不”）There is nothing but sands left after the forest was destroyed.森林被毀之后，只剩下沙地。（“nothing but”相當(dāng)于“only”）Jack didnt understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything.直到杰克的母

17、親把一切和盤托出，他才明白母親為什么跟他生氣。（“not.until”表示“直 到才”）Hardly had I got to the station when it began to rain.我剛到車站天就下雨了。（“hardlywhen”表示“剛就”，可以換成“nosooner than ）-Mr. Li is a good teacher.-I cant agree more.-李老師是個(gè)好老師。-我完全贊同。（否定詞與比較級(jí)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)所修飾的詞的肯定意義。） Why dont you come and join us in the game? （ 或者： Why not come a

18、nd join us in the game?） 你為什么不和我們一起玩游戲呢？（ “Why dont you.?” .或“Why not?”表示邀請(qǐng)、建 議等肯定意義。 ）鞏固練習(xí)：It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he .A. doesntB. wasntC. didntD. hadnt-I would never trust him again. He let me down. - .A. Nor was IB. So did IC. Neither would I D. So would IMany children

19、have formed the habit of reading but notes meanwhile.A. not takeB. not to take C. not takingD. not to taking-Would you like another sandwich? -Another sandwich? I my first oneyet.A. havent had B. hadnt had C. didnt have D. dont have-The project wasnt difficult for him, was it?- . He should have been

20、 given a more difficult one.A. No, it was B. Yes, it was C. Yes, it wasnt D. No, it wasntIf parents never expert their children to be helpful at home, they aresure .A. notB. not toC. not to beD. not to be thatAny application form properly will not be accepted by the company.A. not to be filled B. no

21、t filledC. not being filledD. not havingbeen filled-You didnt get hurt at all in the traffic accident? -. I was a lucky dog.A. No problem B. I dont think so C. I am afraid not D. Good heavens noI doubt if I will come to listen to his speech next time. It couldnt have been in fact.A. any worseB. so b

22、adC. any betterD. so good-I dont think you should use your dictionary all the time while reading.-, but I cant do without it.A. No, I shouldB. Yes, I shouldntC. No, I shouldnt D. Yes,I should-You didnt wait for Mr. Black last night, did you?-Oh, but we . He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have B

23、. neednt haveC. didnt need toD. shouldhave-How did you sleep last night? -Like a log. Never slept .A. worseB. betterC. wellD. bestHe moved away from his parents, and missed them to enjoy the excitinglife in New York.A. too muchB. enoughC. very muchD. so much asThis is the cheapest. Nowhere else .A.

24、you can find such a nice thingB. can such a nice thing be foundC. such a nice thing can be foundD. there can be such a nice thing-Excuse me, have you been to Japan? - .A. No, I dontB. Sorry, I cant C. Dont mention it D.Never-Did you enjoy yourself at the party? -Yes. Ive never been to onebefore.A. a

25、 more excitedB. the most excited C. a more excitingD. themost excitingOf all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.A. nothingB. no oneC. neitherD. noneYou cant have this football back you promise not to kick it at my catagain, the old man said firmly.A. becauseB. sinceC. whenD. untilWe dont keep winning games we keep playing well.A. beca