1、初中英語語法八大時態(tài)一一般現(xiàn)在時結(jié)構(gòu)1.結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式: 主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動詞） dont/doesnt +動詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯主語+do/does(否)No,主語+do/does not縮寫形式:dont = do notdoesnt = does not例句：He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法2.用法表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻

2、度的副詞連用。alwaysoften、usuallyseldomneversometimesevery week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays.頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動詞之前，系動詞、助動詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.例如：All my family love football .My sister is always ready to help others .Ann write

3、s good English but does not speak well.3)表示客觀真理、客觀存在、自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.He comes back tonight.來要發(fā)生的動作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back.If

4、 you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.二一般過去時態(tài)二一般過去時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)1.結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式: 主語+動詞過去式+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動詞）didnt +動詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Did+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯主語+did(否)No,主語+did not基本結(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be 動詞was/were+notwas/were 提前，放于句首行為動詞didnt+do(動詞原形）Did+主語+do（動詞原形）2.用法2.用法表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和表示過去的時間狀

5、語 yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(yearnightmonth),at theage of 5,one dayonce upona time等連用例如：Where did you go just now?After a few years, she started to play the piano.表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。常與 often,always 例如：When I was a c

6、hild, I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。today,this week,this month,this year 語須指過去的時間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？三一般將來時三一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)1.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 1：肯定句式：主語+助動詞 will+動詞原形+其他否定句式：主語+will+動詞原形+not+其他主語+動詞原形+簡單回答：在口語中，will 在名詞或代詞后常縮為ll，wii not 常簡縮為 wont。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時（

7、I we）shall例如：Shell go to play basketball.Shall we go to the zoo?結(jié)構(gòu) 2：肯定句式：主語+be going to +動詞原形+其他否定句式：主語+be not going to +動詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Be+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他簡略回答：（肯主語+be（否）No,主語+be not2.用法2.用法tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soonina few minutes, bythe dayafter tomorrow等連用。例如：Ill meet you at t

8、he school gate tomorrow morning.beafraid,be/feelsure,hope,know,think等后面的從句或與副詞 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等連用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper.Maybe shell go to the gym.將來時其他表示法11）begoingto表示將來表示說話人的打算、計劃、安排或根據(jù)跡象判斷必然或很可能發(fā)生的事情。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?The play is going to be produced

9、next month。注意：be going to will 之間的區(qū)別。在時間上：be going to will 間，可以指遙遠的未來。He is going to be better. He will be better.計劃/臨時：兩者都表示意圖時，be going to 含有預(yù)先計劃、準(zhǔn)備的意思；will 則指未經(jīng)過預(yù)先思What are you going to do next What are you going to do next Sunday?Im going to go fishing.Where is the telephone book?Ill go and get

10、it for you.兩者都用于預(yù)測時，be going to 意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測；will 話人認為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測。在條件狀語從句中，be going to表將來,will 表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.bea

11、boutto動詞原形，意為馬上做某事。不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.四現(xiàn)在進行時四現(xiàn)在進行時結(jié)構(gòu)：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞用法：2.用法：（指說話人說話時now,rightnow,atthismoment,attime,thesedays等時間狀語連用。注：如果句首有警示性動詞look、listen等，主句的動詞也與現(xiàn)在進行時連用。例如：We are waiting for you now.Listen! The bird is singing

12、in the tree.2）.表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時間內(nèi)），一直在進行的活動。說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的態(tài)。）He is thinking about this problem.這些天來他一直在考慮這個問題。3）.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.4）.表示尚未完成的漸變過程，這樣的動詞有：get,

13、grow,become,turn,run,go,begin例如：The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.5）、表示移位的動詞，如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 注：不能用進行時態(tài)的動詞類別類別感官類感覺類認知類存在類占有、從屬類短暫動作類舉例See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wi

14、sh,prefer Believe,think,understand,forget,remember Appear,exist,lie,remain Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist ofAccept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五現(xiàn)在完成時五現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+助動詞 have（has）+動詞過去分詞-ed否定句：主語+助動詞去分詞-ed一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ 主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+？特殊疑問句：+have(has)+ 主語+動詞過去分詞-ed+？2.用法2.用

15、法含義：現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生剛從美國回來。I havent seen much ofhimrecentlyWe have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語：al

16、ready 通常用于肯定句中，意為已經(jīng)，位于行為動詞之前, be 動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？yet 用于疑問句中表示已經(jīng)；用于否定句中，表示還(沒)。例如：Has he found his watch yet？他還沒找到他的表嗎？No, not yet.是, 還沒有。ever 意為曾經(jīng)，常用于疑問句或否定句中，位于助動詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如： Have you ever been there？你曾經(jīng)去過那

17、里嗎？Nothing has ever happened here. 這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事。never 意為（曾經(jīng)）從未、沒有, 是否定副詞，在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever 與否定詞not 連用相當(dāng)于 never。例如：I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。just 意為剛剛, 用于現(xiàn)在完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學(xué)?；貋?。 just now 意為剛才, 表示過去某時, 用于一

18、般過去時, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學(xué)?；貋?。for since for 時間狀語或過去時的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since she leftShanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.have/hasgone to、have/has beento 和have/hasbeen in 的區(qū)別have/ has gone to

19、去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過, 人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in已經(jīng)在, 常與一段時間連用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去過上海。She has been in Shanghai for ten years.10 年了。Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎？但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao?for since 間的狀語。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.I havent seen muc

20、h ofhimrecentlyWe have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?常見終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞 (或狀態(tài)動詞) 的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be opendie - be close - be closedbecome -beborrow - keepput on - wearbuy - haveleave - be away (from)begin / start - be onfall asl

21、eep - be asleepend/finish - be overcatch a cold - have a coldjoin the army - be in the army,be a soldier例：吉姆買這支已有兩年了。join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆買這支已有兩年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has

22、had this pen since 2007It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4）.在表示最近幾世紀/ 年/ 月以來”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等表示“It is the best (worst, most interesti

23、ng名詞 that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。例：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.have/hasbeento + 曾去過某地”，暗含目前已不在該地僅表示當(dāng)事人的一種經(jīng)歷而已。have / has gone to + 地點 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已離開原地去了某地”之意，但是否到達了某地尚不確定。如：He has gone to Shanghai.

24、他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai. 他去過了上海。六過去完成時六過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 had動詞過去分詞用法：2.用法：與“bytheendof/by/before+過去時間構(gòu)成的短語連用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived.He said that he had learned some English before.By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.表示在過去某一動作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作；常用 when

25、,before,after 動作發(fā)生時間先后的對比，先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.當(dāng)我到達火車站時，火車已經(jīng)開走了His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.爸爸來這之前，在一家電視機廠工作了 5 年。hope,want,plan,wish,expect, intend,mean,suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you w

26、ould come, but you didnt. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。I had thought that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢。七過去進行時七過去進行時結(jié)構(gòu)：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)2.用法：2.用法：表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。動作發(fā)生的特指時間常用一個短語或時 間狀語從句來表明，如：atthistimeyesterday，at7:00yesterday，lastnight,fromseventoninethattimewhen while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等。My family w

27、ere watching TV at that time yesterday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.What were you doing at 9:00 oclock yesterday morning.以when 另一個動作正在進行。When he called me , I was having dinner .（2）以while 譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，同時”。Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .come,go,arrive,leave,st

28、art,begin,return 去將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.八過去將來時態(tài)八過去將來時態(tài)將來1.1.結(jié)構(gòu)a)would/should+動詞原形b)was/were going to+動詞原形2.用法2.用法引語中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他說他會在九點之前完成工作。When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be

29、 .當(dāng)我考慮這件事時，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.每當(dāng)他遇到困難時，我們總會伸出援助之手。表示過去情況中的愿望、傾向，多用于否定句。No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我

30、們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。選擇The population of the worldstillnow. （2009甘肅蘭州）has; grownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown-Good evening. Ito see Miss Mary. （2009甘肅蘭州）-Oh, good evening. Im sorry, but she is not in.have comeB. comeC. c

31、ameD. had come time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? Hehis bike in the yard.（2009新疆阜康）cleanB. cleanedC. is cleaningD. will cleanIf youcarefully, youthe report well. （2009廣州）will listen; will be understoodB. will listen; understandC. listen; will understandD. listen; understandTheyabout eight

32、hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009廣州）will learnB. had learnedC. are going to learnD. have learnedHowdid the accident happen? （2009廣州）You know, itdifficult to see the road clearly because it.was; was rainingB. is; has rainedC. is; is rainingD. will be; will rainAttention, please. Th

33、erea football game between China and Korea this evening.is going to beB. has beenC. hasD. will haveWhat does your sister like doing in her spare Shewatching（2009湖北武漢）likesB. likedC. has likedD. had likedWhenJessyto New Yesterday. （2009湖北武漢）does; getB. did; getC. has; gotD. had; gotHowclean the bedro

34、om is! （2009湖北武漢）Yes, I am sure that someoneit.cleansB. cleanedC. has cleanedD. had cleanedMy friendme. I have to leave now. （2009河北）waits forB. waited forC. is waiting forD. was waiting forBe sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he河北）will arriveB. was arrivingC. arrivesD. arrivedIthewrong thi

35、ng. Can I use your eraser? （2009河北）writeB. wroteC. am writingD. will write-Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? （2009ft東威海）-NO, Heto England. He will be back next month.returnedB. has returnedC. returnsD. will return won the first prize in the competition? （2009ft東煙臺）-Henry. He

36、hasit for a week.is, wonB. is, gotC. has, hadD. has, been given-Is this the place that you? （2009四川成都）-No. Ive never been there before.have visitedB. will visitC. are visitingD.would visitItoutside. better take an umbrella with you. （2009江西）rainsB. is rainingC. rainedD. has rained-CanI help you? （20

37、09江西）-I bought this watch here yesterday, but itwork.wontB. C.doesntD. wouldntI used to love this film when I was young, but Iit that way any more. （2009江蘇南京）dontfeelB. feelC. feltD. hadntfelt-How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009湖北宜昌）-Fantastic! Weto a museum of strange stones.goB. wentC. are goingD