1、關(guān)于中西方文化差異第1頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四中西方文化差異Cultural differences between China and the West第2頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四中西方文化差異Cultural differences between China and the West第3頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四宗教信仰religious belief中國主要信仰佛教、道教。The main belief in Buddhism and Taoism in china.西方主要信仰基督教。

2、Christianity in the west.第4頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四節(jié)日差異Festival difference中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日有春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)、端午節(jié)、中秋節(jié)。西方的節(jié)日有隆重的圣誕節(jié)，感恩節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)。在節(jié)日方面，中西方表現(xiàn)出巨大的差異。Chinese traditional festivals have Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid Autumn Festival.Western festivals have a grand Christmas, Thanks

3、giving, easter. In festivals, the Chinese and the West show great differences.第5頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四問 候To Greet表現(xiàn)：中國人打招呼，一般都以對方處境或動(dòng)向?yàn)樗季S出發(fā)點(diǎn)，而西方人往往認(rèn)為這些純屬個(gè)人私事，不能隨便問。Performance: Chinese people say hello, generally in the other side of the situation or trends for the starting point, and the Wes

4、terners tend to think that these are purely personal matters, not just ask.第6頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四西方人總奇怪于中國人在見面是問“您吃了嗎？”中國朋友的話等于英語中的Hello或Hi，但如果照字面譯成Have you eaten yet？或Have you had your lunch？外國人聽起來就很怪。? 美國人會以為，這種打招呼似乎是說：“我也沒有吃。走吧，我們一起去吃點(diǎn)東西吧?！被蛘哒f：“如果沒有吃的話，我正要請你到我家去呢。”；總之，這樣打招呼有時(shí)意味著邀請對方去吃飯 。

5、 The west is always strange to the Chinese people in the meeting is to ask, do you eat it? Chinese friends words are equivalent to English in the Hello or Hi, but if literally translated into you eaten yet Have? Or you had your lunch Have? Foreigners sound strange. Americans will think that this kin

6、d of greeting seems to be saying, I didnt eat it. Come on, lets go and have something to eat. Or, if you dont eat it, Im going to invite you to my house. In a word, it is sometimes mean to invite someone to dinner.第7頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四 再如，漢語中的“上哪兒去??？”和“到哪兒去啦？”這樣打招呼的話直譯成英語就是Where are you go

7、ing？和Where you have been？用這兩句英語來打招呼，大部分講英語的人聽了會不高興，他們的反應(yīng)很可能是：Its none of your business! 你管得著嗎！ For example, in Chinese, where are you going? And where are you going? So say hello word translated into English is are you going Where? And you have been Where? With these two English to say hello, most E

8、nglish speaking people will not be pleased to hear, their response is likely to be: s none of It business your!第8頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四幸而，打招呼的話并不都令人感到奇怪或者引起對方反感。有許多打招呼的話是相似的，有些只是說法不同。在許多語言里，打招呼的話往往是相似的，有些只是說法不同。在許多語言里，打招呼的話往往與時(shí)間有關(guān)，但即使在一種語言中也有不一致的地方。英語中有Good morning, Good afternoon, good eveni

9、ng 都相當(dāng)于漢語中的“您好”，只是說的時(shí)間不同而已，但不說Good noon。而 Good night （晚安；明天見；再會）根本不是打招呼的話，這只是告別時(shí)說的話。Fortunately, not all greetings sound strange or arouse displeasure. There are a lot of greeting words that are similar, some of which are just different. In many languages, greeting words are often similar, some of w

10、hich are just different. In many languages, greetings are often associated with time, but even in a language, there are inconsistencies. English has morning Good, afternoon Good, evening good are equivalent to the Chinese in the hello, just say that the time is different, but do not say noon Good. G

11、ood night (good night; see tomorrow; goodbye) is not a greeting at all, this is just to say goodbye.第9頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四事例：有一次，一個(gè)剛到中國不久的外國留學(xué)生結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地用漢語說：“你們?yōu)槭裁蠢蠁栁页粤孙垱]有？我有錢?！彼詾槿藗兛倖査俺燥埩藛帷笔且?yàn)榕滤麤]錢吃飯。他顯然對這種問法感到生氣。 Examples: once, a just to China not long ago foreign foreign students stammered

12、in Chinese said: why do you always ask me to eat a meal without? I have money. He thought people always asked him to eat because he was afraid he had no money to eat. He was obviously angry at this kind of question.第10頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四贊美和祝賀Compliments and Congratulations表現(xiàn)：聽到別人贊揚(yáng)，美國人和中國人

13、的回答有些不同：美國人一般表示接受贊揚(yáng)，中國人則一般表示受之有愧。 Performance: hear others praise, Americans and Chinese peoples answer is somewhat different: Americans often said to accept a compliment, Chinese people generally said dont deserve it.第11頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四事例一：一位中國青年婦女在美國，身上穿著一件漂亮的服裝。當(dāng)別人對她說“你這件衣服真雅致，顏色美極了”

14、。這位中國青年婦女很高興，但有些不好意思，就按中國習(xí)慣回答說：“這是件普通的衣服，我在中國國內(nèi)買的”。Example one: a young Chinese woman in the United States, wearing a beautiful dress. When someone says to her you this dress is really elegant, beautiful color. This young Chinese woman is very happy, but some embarrassed, according to the Chinese cu

15、stom replied: this is an ordinary clothes, I buy in china.第12頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四事例二：一位中國學(xué)者剛到美國，到一所大學(xué)去參加招待會。女主人是他的老朋友。兩個(gè)人正在談話，女主人的一個(gè)熟人走過來。她對那個(gè)人說：“羅恩，我來介紹一下，這位是陳先生，他是杰出的物理學(xué)家，是一位很了不起的人?！标愊壬瑒傋哌^來的人握手，看看女主人，笑著說：叫我臉紅呢，還是跟他說您只是開個(gè)玩笑呢？”Case two: a Chinese scholar has just arrived in the United Stat

16、es to attend a reception at a university. The hostess is his old friend. Two people are talking, the hostess of an acquaintance come. She said to the man, Ron, let me introduce you. This is Mr. Chen. He is an outstanding physicist. He is a great man. Mr. Chen, who has just come over to shake hands,

17、look at the hostess, said with a smile: that I blush, or to tell him that you are just a joke? 第13頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四道 歉Apology表現(xiàn)：有一個(gè)詞，從早到晚掛在美國人的嘴邊上，那就Sorry Performance: one word, from morning to night on the lips of Americans, then Sorry第14頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四當(dāng)生活出現(xiàn)小摩擦?xí)r，美國人并不去考慮是誰

18、的責(zé)任，只要是給對方帶來了不便，都要說一聲sorry。這樣一來，即使有一方受點(diǎn)傷害，在人家的sorry聲中心境也會平和下來。而沒受傷害的一方則體會到人與人之間的友善，這恐怕也是我從未在美國的公共汽車、地鐵、街道上看到有人吵架的原因吧。When life is a little friction, the Americans are not to consider who is responsible, as long as it is to bring the inconvenience to each other, to say a sorry. In this way, even if t

19、here is a point of damage, in the peoples sorry sound center will be flat and down. And no harm on the one side will feel the friendly between people, this is probably the reason I have never seen in the United States, the bus, subway, street, there is a quarrel.第15頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四事例：有一

20、次，一位中國人乘電梯時(shí)不小心踩了一位先生的腳，他趕忙說了一聲sorry，可同時(shí)，從那位先生的口中也冒出了這個(gè)詞。那位中國人不禁暗自發(fā)笑：你有什么必要sorry呢？事后一個(gè)美國朋友解釋，按照美國人思維方式，電梯間是公共場所，誰都有權(quán)站在那兒。由于自己首先占據(jù)一塊地方，別人才沒有足夠的地方站穩(wěn)當(dāng)，難道不該表示sorry嗎？Example: once, a Chinese man accidentally stepped on a mans foot in the elevator, he hastened to say a sorry, but at the same time, from the

21、 mouth of the man also came out of this word. The Chinese can not help but secretly laugh: what do you need sorry? Later an American friend explained, according to the American way of thinking, the elevator is a public place, who have the right to stand there. Because of their first occupy a place,

22、they dont have enough place to stand, isnt it sorry?第16頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四打電話phone表現(xiàn)：中國人在打電話時(shí)的用語與平時(shí)講話用語沒多少差異?！蔽?，您好。麻煩找一下xxx”Performance: the Chinese people in the phone when the terms and the usual speech is not much difference. Hello, hello. Trouble to find a xxx第17頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)5

23、7分，星期四而英語中打電話與平時(shí)用語差別很大?！癏ello, this is John speaking.” “Is that Mary speaking?”西方人一接電話一般都先報(bào)上自己的號碼或者工作單位的名稱。 “Hello, 52164768, this is Jim.”In English, the telephone is very different from the usual terms. This, is John speaking. Is that Mary speaking Hello? in the west, a phone call is generally fir

24、st reported on their number or the name of the work unit. Hello, 52164768, is Jim. this第18頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四差異小結(jié)Difference summary不了解中西文化差異是學(xué)生語用失誤的重要原因。中西文化差異在語言交流中涉及面非常廣，如日常見面時(shí)的問候、稱贊、致謝、道歉以及委婉語、禁忌語乃至身勢語言。西方人認(rèn)為，在日常交往中，直接打聽別人的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入、年齡、宗教、和政治信仰、婚姻狀況等是一種侵犯，因那是屬于與提問者無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。而談?wù)撎鞖獾霓k法來打開與西方人談話的話題是

25、非常明智的。Not knowing the difference between Chinese and Western culture is an important reason for students pragmatic failure. Chinese and Western cultural differences in the language of communication involves a very wide range, such as the daily greetings, compliments, compliments, apology, as well as

26、 euphemism, taboo language and body language. Westerners believe that in daily contact, directly to inquire about other peoples economic income, age, religion, and political beliefs, marital status, and so is a violation, because it is not related to the content of the question. It is very sensible

27、to talk about the weather and to open up a conversation with the West.第19頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四產(chǎn)生差異原因Reason of difference首先，文化背景不同。中國歷史悠久，延續(xù)了幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化，含蓄內(nèi)向。打招呼時(shí)多考慮別人，而西方尤其美國，多種文化的交融，形成了開放外向的文化。其接受贊美時(shí)的表現(xiàn)可證明這一點(diǎn)。First of all, the cultural background is different. China has a long history, the con

28、tinuation of thousands of years of traditional culture, implicit. Say hello to others, while the west, especially the United States, a variety of cultural integration, the formation of an open and outward culture. The performance of its acceptance of praise can prove this point.第20頁，共24頁，2022年，5月20日，16點(diǎn)57分，星期四其次，發(fā)展程度不同，中國長期受困于溫飽問題的解決，因而見面以“您吃了嗎”打招呼也合情合理，而西方的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，隱私觀念強(qiáng)，因而對收入，婚否等問題予以回避。Secondly, different levels of development, China long trapped to solve the pr