1、Chapter 1 Computers in ManufacturingBy, Zhang HangweiMechatronics Engineering DepartmentAdvanced Manufacturing TechnologyContentsChapter 1ComputersinManufacturing1 Computer-aided Productionand ControlSystemIntroduction1.1AutomationConcept1.2Computer ProcessControl1.3ManagementInformationSystems (MIS

2、)1.4Engineering1.5Business1.6ComputerControlofManufacturing SystemComputer-aidedProduction andControl SystemPara 1Thereason of modernmfg. Systems development.-Tomeet peoplesdesiresPara 2Computerisimportantinmfg.Such asNC,AC,Robotics,AGVS,AS/RS, FMSComputer-aidedProduction andControl System NC=Numeri

3、calControl數(shù)控控即數(shù)字控控制(NumericalControl,縮縮寫為NC),在制造造業(yè)指用用數(shù)字化化信號(hào)對(duì)對(duì)機(jī)床運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)及其其加工過過程進(jìn)行行控制的的一種方方法。根根據(jù)國(guó)家家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T81291997機(jī)床數(shù)數(shù)字控制制的定義義:用數(shù)數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)據(jù)的裝置置(簡(jiǎn)稱稱數(shù)控裝裝置),在運(yùn)行行過程中中,不斷斷地引入入數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)據(jù),從從而對(duì)某某一生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)過程實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)動(dòng)控制,叫數(shù)字字控制,簡(jiǎn)稱數(shù)數(shù)控。用計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)控制加加工功能能,實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)數(shù)字控控制,稱稱計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)數(shù)控(Computerized NumericalControl,縮寫寫CNC)。Computer-aidedProduction andCont

4、rol System Computer-aidedProduction andControl System AC=AdaptiveControl自適應(yīng)應(yīng)控制所謂自適適應(yīng)是指指生物能能改變自自己的習(xí)習(xí)性以適適應(yīng)新的的環(huán)境的的一種種特征。因此,直觀地地講，自自適應(yīng)控控制系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)，它能能修正自自己的特特性以適適應(yīng)對(duì)象象和擾動(dòng)動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)特性的的變化。它是一一種現(xiàn)代代控制理理論。-以變制變變自適應(yīng)控控制和常常規(guī)的反反饋控制制和最優(yōu)優(yōu)控制一一樣，也也是一種種基于數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)模型型的控制制方法，所不同同的只是是自適應(yīng)應(yīng)控制所所依據(jù)的的關(guān)于模模型和擾擾動(dòng)的先先驗(yàn)知識(shí)識(shí)比較少少，需要要在系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行行過程中中去不斷斷提

5、取有有關(guān)模型型的信息息，使模模型逐步步完善。Computer-aidedProduction andControl System Robotics工業(yè)業(yè)機(jī)器人人學(xué) 工業(yè)機(jī)器器人由操操作機(jī)（機(jī)械本本體）、控制器器、伺服服驅(qū)動(dòng)系系統(tǒng)和檢檢測(cè)傳感感裝置構(gòu)構(gòu)成，是是一種仿仿人操作作、自動(dòng)動(dòng)控制、可重復(fù)復(fù)編程、能在三三維空間間完成各各種作業(yè)業(yè)的機(jī)電電一體化化自動(dòng)化化生產(chǎn)設(shè)設(shè)備。特別適合合于多品品種、變變批量的的柔性生生產(chǎn)。它它對(duì)穩(wěn)定定、提高高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)質(zhì)量，提提高生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)效率，改善勞勞動(dòng)條件件和產(chǎn)品品的快速速更新?lián)Q換代起著著十分重重要的作作用。足球機(jī)器器人四足機(jī)器器人Computer-aidedProduct

6、ion andControl SystemAGV是是自動(dòng)引引導(dǎo)小車車（AutomatedGuidedVehicle）AGV是是指裝備備有電磁磁或光學(xué)學(xué)等自動(dòng)動(dòng)導(dǎo)引裝裝置，能能夠沿規(guī)規(guī)定的導(dǎo)導(dǎo)引路徑徑行駛，具有安安全保護(hù)護(hù)以及各各種移載載功能的的運(yùn)輸車車，AGV是輪輪式移動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)器人人（WMR Wheel MobileRobot）的的特殊應(yīng)應(yīng)用。AGV是是一種以以電池為為動(dòng)力，裝有非非接觸導(dǎo)導(dǎo)航（導(dǎo)導(dǎo)引）裝裝置的無無人駕駛駛車輛。它的主主要功能能表現(xiàn)為為能在計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)監(jiān)控下，按路徑徑規(guī)劃和和作業(yè)要要求，精精確地行行走并停?？康街钢付ǖ攸c(diǎn)點(diǎn)，完成成一系列列作業(yè)功功能。 Computer-aidedP

7、roduction andControl System AS/RS=AutomatedStorage/RetrievalSystem自動(dòng)存存儲(chǔ)和提提取系統(tǒng)統(tǒng) 一種種用于存存儲(chǔ)和提提取物品品的自動(dòng)動(dòng)、電腦腦化控制制系統(tǒng)。Computer-aidedProduction andControl System FMS=FlexibleManufacturingSystem柔柔性制造造系統(tǒng)FMS通通常包括括3臺(tái)以以上的CNC機(jī)機(jī)床(或或加工中中心),由集中中的控制制系統(tǒng)及及物料系系統(tǒng)連接接起來,可在不不停機(jī)情情況下實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)多品品種、中中小批量量的加工工管理。PhrasePara 1bearound 出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)

8、，存在在rangefrom to在在 .的范范圍內(nèi)Para 2versatile (a.)通通用的，萬能的的，多才才多藝的的e.g. aversatile engineerbecomingofage:成成年，日日趨成熟熟onthefoundationof=onthe basis ofPara 3grouptogether組組合groupinto把.分類a specialapplicationsystem 專用用系統(tǒng)bereferredtoas指指的是a setofsubsystem一一組子系系統(tǒng)collectively(ad.)集集體地地，共同同地，總總的來說說have an effecton

9、起起作用，對(duì)有影響響take for 考考慮pass through穿穿（通、經(jīng)、流流）過，刺穿、經(jīng)歷Computer-aidedProduction andControl System Para 3WhatisPACS?Many relatedmanufacturingactivities aregrouped together to formaspecial application system.Para 5WhatisCAPACS?Many relatedmanufacturingactivities aregrouped together to formacomputer-driven

10、specialapplicationsystem.TechnologiesinIntroductionCAD(計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)輔助設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)，COMPUTERAIDEDGESIGN)是指工工程技術(shù)術(shù)人員以以計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)為工具具，用各各自的專專業(yè)知識(shí)識(shí)，對(duì)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行行總體設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)、繪繪圖、分分析和編編寫技術(shù)術(shù)文檔等等設(shè)計(jì)活活動(dòng)的總總稱。一般認(rèn)為為CAD功能可可歸納為為四大類類：建立立幾何模模型、工工程分析析、動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)建模、自動(dòng)繪繪圖。TechnologiesinIntroductionCAM(計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)輔助制制造，Computer-aidedmfg.)目前尚無無統(tǒng)一的的定義，一般而而言，是是指計(jì)算算機(jī)在產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品制造造方

11、面有有關(guān)應(yīng)用用的總稱稱。CAM有廣廣義和狹狹義之分分，廣義義CAM一般是是指利用用計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)輔助從從毛坯到到產(chǎn)品制制造過程程中的直直接和間間接的活活動(dòng)。包包括工藝藝準(zhǔn)備(計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)輔助工工藝設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)、計(jì)算算機(jī)輔助助工裝設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)與制制造、NC自動(dòng)動(dòng)編程、工時(shí)定定額和材材料定額額編制等等)、生生產(chǎn)控制制、及時(shí)時(shí)控制等等。狹義義CAM通常僅僅指數(shù)控控程序的的編制，可包括括刀具路路徑的規(guī)規(guī)劃、刀刀位文件件的生成成、刀具具軌跡仿仿真以及及NC代代碼的生生成等。TechnologiesinIntroductionCAPP(計(jì)算算機(jī)輔助助工藝設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)，Computer-aidedProcess Planning)是根

12、根據(jù)產(chǎn)品品設(shè)計(jì)所所給出的的信息進(jìn)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品品的加工工方法和和制造過過程的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)。一般認(rèn)為為，CAPP系系統(tǒng)的功功能包括括毛坯設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)、加加工方法法選擇、工序設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)、工工藝路線線制定和和工時(shí)定定額計(jì)算算等。其其中，工工序設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)又可包包含裝夾夾設(shè)備選選擇或設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)、加加工余量量分配、切削用用量選擇擇以及機(jī)機(jī)床、刀刀具和夾夾具的選選擇、必必要的工工序圖生生成等。TechnologiesinIntroductionCAD/CAM/CAPP的的集成CAD過過程與CAPP、CAM過程程的集成成系統(tǒng)，其基本本工作步步驟如下下：(1)CAD過過程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)產(chǎn)品結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，繪繪制產(chǎn)品品圖形，并為CAPP、CAM過程程準(zhǔn)備設(shè)設(shè)

13、計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)；(2)生生成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)化的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)(如征征成STEP文文件)，并經(jīng)過過接口進(jìn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換；(3)CAPP系統(tǒng)直直接讀入入CAD系統(tǒng)生生成并經(jīng)經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)換換的數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)，生成成零件加加工工藝藝規(guī)程；(4)CAM系系統(tǒng)讀入入CAPP系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)生成并并經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，生生成加工工零件的的數(shù)控程程序。PhrasePara 4: by far(adv.)到到目前為為止Para 5:bringinto 引引進(jìn);使使開始bringabout引引起;致致使; 造成成;達(dá)達(dá)成intimate及及時(shí)地discharge(vt.)卸卸下, 放出出,解解雇,拔拔染, 履行行,放放電Para 7: function

14、 （n.）功功能，作作用，函函數(shù)，模模塊hub軸軸心，活動(dòng)中中心Para 8: spoke 輻條條e.g. puta spoke in someoneswheel從從中作梗梗Computer-aidedProduction andControl SystemPara 8Q1:What is thehubofFig.1.2?Q2:What arethespokes of Fig.1.2?Q3:WhatareadvantagesofCAPACS?-increaseproductivity,reducewaste, andproduce thingsitwouldnototherwise be ab

15、letomake.1.1AutomationConceptDefinition-Take theplaceofobservation,effort anddecisionbyhuman.-Bedefined as asystem thatisrelativelyself-operating.FunctionPhraseLine 3: takethe place of 取代代Line 5: respondto對(duì)對(duì)響應(yīng)Line 5: encodedinstruction編編碼指指令1.1AutomationConcept1.2Computer ProcessControlDefinition-Th

16、econtrolofvariablesinamanufacturing process, where oneoranycombinationofmaterials andequipmentproducesormodifiesaproduct to makeitmoreusefuland morevaluable.ClassificationClosed-loop Control SystemOpen-loop Control System1.2Computer ProcessControlOpen-loopControlSystem1.2Computer ProcessControlOpen-

17、loopControlSystem1.2Computer ProcessControlClosed-loopControl System1.2Computer ProcessControlClosed-loopControl SystemPhrasePara 1：involve涉涉及，包包含，就就是，serveas作作為mechanism裝裝置instrument 儀器器，儀表表calibrated dials 分度度盤，校校準(zhǔn)盤Para 2:inchargeof負(fù)負(fù)責(zé)sensing device=transmit傳傳感器feedbackmechanism反反饋裝裝置difference 誤差

18、差beginat從從.開始，開始于于end at 結(jié)束束于Para 3：datalogging 數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)1.2Computer ProcessControl1.3ManagementInformationSystemCharacteristicsBedesignedtoaidinthe performance of managementfunctions.Tobedevelopedtoprovideexecutives withup-to-the-minuteinformationabouttheoperationsoftheenterprise.PhraseLine 1Para1：be d

19、esigned to do 被設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)用來來Line 3Para1：executive執(zhí)執(zhí)行程序序、行政政部門Line 3Para1：up-to-the-minute最最新的的Line 5Para1：viewas 將看作作Line 2frombottom：software package軟軟件包包1.3ManagementInformationSystemQ1:WhatisthedefinitionofEngineering?Engineeringisa professioninwhichaknowledgeofthe naturalsciencesisappliedwith judgment

20、to developwaysofusingthematerials andforcesofnature.Q2:Whatarethe advantagesCAPACS ofInEngineering?-increasetheproductivity of engineers, improvethe qualityofdesign1.4EngineeringParagraph2Make examples to explainthe advantagesbecauseofusingcomputer.Paragraph3Q:What aretherolesofcomputer?-automatedop

21、erations,relievetheengineeroftediousmanualcalculations1.4EngineeringPhraseLine 1Para1：engineering (n.)工工程；設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)、制制定；工工藝技術(shù)術(shù)；操縱縱、管理理；Humanengineering環(huán)環(huán)境工工程學(xué)power engineering動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)Line 5Para1：simulation模模擬；仿真；模型化化；偽裝裝、冒充充；Line 5Para1：modeling 模型型化成型型；模型型制造；模擬；仿形、靠模；Line 7Para2：physicalproperties 物理理性質(zhì)Line

22、 2Para3：document (n.)文文件、資資料(v.)用用文件件證明Line 4Para3：relieveof免免除、解除1.4IntroductionofEngineering1.4Computer-aidedEngineeringand ProductionDefinition Phase方案論證證階段,初步設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)階段, conceptualphaseTranslationPhase詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)階段;detailed designphaseConstructionPhase生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備備及制造造階段Support PhaseList FourPhases of ProductionFi

23、g一個(gè)機(jī)電電一體化化產(chǎn)品的的設(shè)計(jì)和和開發(fā)歸歸納為以以下14個(gè)基本本步驟。(1)擬擬定產(chǎn)品品(設(shè)計(jì)計(jì))目標(biāo)標(biāo)，確定定初步技技術(shù)規(guī)范范。(2)收收集資料料，市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)分析，可行性性分析，技術(shù)經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分分析。(3)初初步設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)(總體體方案設(shè)設(shè)計(jì))。(4)初初步設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)方案的的評(píng)審、評(píng)價(jià)(不滿意意，修改改)。(5)確確定數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)模型(理論分分析)。(6)詳詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)(樣機(jī)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì))。(7)詳詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)方案評(píng)評(píng)審、評(píng)評(píng)價(jià)(不不滿意，修改)。(8)試試制樣機(jī)機(jī)。(9)樣樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)，測(cè)試試。(10)技術(shù)評(píng)評(píng)價(jià)與審審定(不不滿意，修改)。(11)小批量量生產(chǎn)。(12)試銷。(13)正常正正產(chǎn)，收收集用戶戶意見。(14)

24、銷售，收集用用戶意見見。1.5BusinessPara 1What is CAB？Theapplications of computerstoassistoraid in performingvariousoperations in these functionsarereferredtoasCAB.What arethefunctions of CAB?production planning andcontrol,finance andaccounting,distribution management, maintenance schedulingand control, manageme

25、ntinformationsystems,dataprocessing,andproductplanning.1.5BusinessPara 24：Computerinfluencesthewaysofmfg. in three respects.(1)changingthe wayofoperations (Para 2).(2)changingthe wayofdesign(Para3).(3)changingthe internal structureofmanufacturing organization,theirmethodsofoperations,andtheirexterna

26、lrelationship to society(Para4).PhaseLine 4Para1:finance andaccounting 財(cái)（政和）會(huì)（計(jì)計(jì)）Line 2Para2:carryout實(shí)實(shí)行行、執(zhí)行行Line 5Para2:long term長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)期的的Line 6Para2:MRP2=ManufacturingResourcePlanning制制造造資源計(jì)計(jì)劃Line 1Para3:gobeyond過過分、超越、超出范圍Line 1Para3:payroll工工資單單Line 3Para3:laborintensive勞勞動(dòng)力力密集的的Line 4Para3:intricat

27、e(a.)復(fù)復(fù)雜的、錯(cuò)綜的的、難以以理解的的1.5BusinessPhaseLine 3Para4:scenario(n.)電影劇劇本、情情況、方方案Line 5Para4:conceptual design=preliminarydesign 初步步設(shè)計(jì)Line 7Para4:iterationafteriteration 反反反復(fù)復(fù)Line 8Para4:draw on 利用用、抽煙煙Line 9Para4:serviceable有用用的、耐耐用的Line 2frombottomPara4:inconformancewith 與一致1.5Business1.6ComputerControl

28、ofManufacturing SystemQ1:Whatarethe roles of computer-controlledmfg.systems? controlstand-alonesystems(spraypainting) controlthe useofresourcestoproducea salableproduct controlcomplexsystems(FMS)1.6ComputerControlofManufacturing System1.6ComputerControlofManufacturing SystemQ2:Whatisthechallengingin

29、computer-controlledsystems? datacommunication databasemanagement theintegrationofthemanyislands of automationPhaseLine 1Para1:useas=viewas 使作為L(zhǎng)ine 5Para1:stand-alone獨(dú)獨(dú)立的Line 7Para1:a salableproduct暢暢銷產(chǎn)品品Line 2Para2:manufacturing cycle 生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)周期Line 2Para2:production line生生產(chǎn)線線Line 2Para2:take overcontrol

30、of接接管Line 5Para2:islands of automation自自動(dòng)化化島Line 1Para3:integrated controlsystem 集成成控制系系統(tǒng)Line 2Para3:thrust（n.）插, 戳, 刺, 推力力,猛猛推,口口頭攻攻擊（vt.）力推, 沖, 插入入,擠擠進(jìn),刺刺,戳戳,強(qiáng)強(qiáng)加, 延伸伸（vi.）插插入,刺刺,戳戳,延延伸, 強(qiáng)行行推進(jìn)1.6ComputerControlofManufacturing System1.6.1Computer-Integrated ControlSystemQ1:WhatisthedefinitionofICS?T

31、hephilosophyofanICSistotie togetherthesubsystemsofbusiness,engineering, andproduction overthe complete manufacturingcycletocreate asmooth manufacturingbusinessmachine.1.6.1Computer-Integrated ControlSystemQ2:Whatarethe targetsofICS?(ComputerIntegratedControl System)bedirectedatchangingthesubtle diff

32、erences in themeaning of controlasthe conceptisusedbyrhevariousfunctionsinthe manufacturingenterprise.bedirectedattyingtogetherthemanagementobjectives forthefirmandthe variousprocessfunctionsrequiredtoproducetheproduct.1.6.1Computer-Integrated ControlSystemQ2:WhatistheconceptandtargetsofICS? (Comput

33、erIntegrated ControlSystem )bedirectedatcreatingandcontrollingasingle, integratedplanforoperating thefacilityandproducing acooperative, harmoniousworkingrelationshipamongall parts of thebusiness.S7-200主機(jī)外形形PLC可可編程序序控制器器：PLC英文文全稱ProgrammableLogicController,中文全全稱為可可編程邏邏輯控制制器，定義是:一種數(shù)數(shù)字運(yùn)算算操作的的電子系系統(tǒng)，專專為在

34、工工業(yè)環(huán)境境應(yīng)用而而設(shè)計(jì)的的。它采用一一類可編編程的存存儲(chǔ)器，用于其其內(nèi)部存存儲(chǔ)程序序，執(zhí)行行邏輯運(yùn)運(yùn)算,順順序控制制，定時(shí)時(shí)，計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)與算術(shù)術(shù)操作等等面向用用戶的指指令，并并通過數(shù)字字或模擬擬式輸入入/輸出出控制各各種類型型的機(jī)械械或生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)過程。DCS集集散系統(tǒng)統(tǒng):DCS英英文全稱稱 DISTRIBUTED CONTROLSYSTEM ,中中文全稱稱為集散散型控制制系統(tǒng)。DCS可以解釋釋為在模模擬量回回路控制制較多的的行業(yè)中中廣泛使使用的，盡量將將控制所所造成的的危險(xiǎn)性性分散,而將管管理和顯顯示功能能集中的的一種自自動(dòng)化高高技術(shù)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。煙霧傳感感器紅紅外線傳傳感器傳感器sensor直直接作用用

35、于被測(cè)測(cè)量，并并能按一一定方式式將其轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成同同種或別別種量值值輸出的的器件。通常由由敏感元元件和轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換元件件組成。當(dāng)傳感器器的輸出出為規(guī)定定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)時(shí)時(shí)，則稱稱為變送送器transducer。溫度傳感感器壓壓力傳感感器超聲波點(diǎn)點(diǎn)鈔鈔/驗(yàn)鈔鈔磁阻式式發(fā)送傳感感器(或或稱超聲聲波發(fā)送送器)-transmitter接收傳感感器(或或稱超聲聲波接收收器)-receiverPhaseLine 1Para1:tietogether結(jié)結(jié)合成成有機(jī)整整體Line 4Page1:account for考考慮到、解釋說說明Line 1Para2:bedirectedat目目的在于于Line 2frombot

36、tomPara2:cooperative合合作的Line 1Para3:3C技術(shù)術(shù)=Computer,Communication,CollectionLine 1Para3:PLC=Programmable Logic ControllerLine 3Para3:user-oriented 面向向用戶的的Object-orientedlanguage面面向?qū)?duì)象的語語言Line 1Para3:sensor傳傳感器、transducer變變換器1.6.1Computer-Integrated ControlSystem1.6.2LevelsofControlLevelsofControlName

37、 FunctionCharaceristics1ProcessControl2Supervisory Control3Management ControlName FunctionCharaceristics1ProcessControlControl individual machineReceive directives from Level 2Primary, fast-acting 2Supervisory ControlTie together processes dynamicallyHuman-oriented,More slowly3Management ControlCont

38、rol entire systemIn order of daysThedefinitionofdistributedcontrol system1.6.3DistributedControlSupervisoryandadministrationfunctions,wherereal-timecommunicationisnotsocritical,mustnotinterferewiththetime-criticalcontrol loop.1.6.3DistributedControlQ1:WhatisthedefinitionofCommunication?thetransmissi

39、on of intelligencebetween pointsoforiginand receptionwithout alterationofsequenceorstructure of theinformation.Q2:Whatisdata communication?themovementofcomputer-encodedinformationbymeansofelectrical transmission1.6.4PlantCommunicationQ3:Whatistheheartofcommunicationsystem?computersQ4:How to choosea

40、controller?theControllershouldbeefficient in theperformanceoftheirassignedresponsibility1.6.4PlantCommunicationSummary A keycommunication issue is accesstotheup-to-the-minutedatatoeliminatecostly errors,toimproveproduct qualityand to improveproductivity. Plant Communication1.6.5Network Archit

41、ectures1.Hardware2.Software3.Protocols4.DataLinkControls5.Local AreaNetworks6.Topology HardwareDefinition-thephysicalequipmentExamplescomputer,terminals,machines,controllers, modems,Hardware大亞華華為新新橋調(diào)制解調(diào)調(diào)器（即即Modem），是計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)與與電話線線之間進(jìn)進(jìn)行信號(hào)號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換的的裝置，由調(diào)制制器和解解調(diào)器兩兩部分組組成，調(diào)調(diào)制器是是把計(jì)算算機(jī)的數(shù)數(shù)字信號(hào)號(hào)（如文文件等）調(diào)制成成可在電電話線上上傳輸?shù)牡穆曇粜判盘?hào)的裝裝置，在在接收端端，解調(diào)調(diào)器再把把聲音信信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換換成計(jì)算算機(jī)能接接收的數(shù)數(shù)字信號(hào)號(hào)。通過過調(diào)制解解調(diào)器和和電話線線就可以以實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)之之間的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)通信信。作用是利利用模擬擬信號(hào)傳傳輸線路路傳輸數(shù)數(shù)字信號(hào)號(hào)。.SoftwareDefinition-a setofprogramsExamplesCWS,AP,OS,DBMS軟件主要要是指支支持系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)運(yùn)行并并對(duì)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)進(jìn)行管管理和控控制的程程序系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)。實(shí)時(shí)軟件件系系統(tǒng)軟件件應(yīng)用軟件件開發(fā)軟件件.ProtocolsDefinitionA protocol is afo