1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than _ value.問題1選項A.transitionalB.sentimentalC.transientD.inscrutable【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項transiti

2、onal“變遷的，過渡期的”，B項sentimental“傷感的，多愁善感的，感情用事的”，C項transient“短暫的，路過的”，D項inscrutable“神秘的，不可理解的，不能預(yù)測的”。根據(jù)Immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it“即時性以及隨之而來的生產(chǎn)速度”可知，“短暫的”符合語境。句意：即時性和與之相伴隨的生產(chǎn)速度也意味著，報紙上出現(xiàn)的很多東西只不過是短暫的價值。因此，該題選擇C項正確。2.單選題They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you cant s

3、olve debt problem with more debt.問題1選項A.condemnB.disputeC.contendD.neglect【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項condemn“譴責(zé)；聲討”；B選項dispute“辯論；懷疑”；C選項contend“主張；為斗爭”；D選項neglect“疏忽；忽視；忽略”。句意：他們赤字開支，宣稱用更多的債務(wù)解決不了債務(wù)問題。根據(jù)名詞deficit spending“赤字開支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消費。對這一消費行為有人贊成，也有人否定。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息you cant solve debt problem with more

4、debt.“你不能用更多的債務(wù)來解決債務(wù)問題”由此看來，這里是不贊成超前消費的，有反對的意味。因此A選項符合題意。3.翻譯題Even without these protections, individuals can act to protect their own privacy. In some cases, market forces can create incentives for companies to protect privacy if consumers consistently call for such protection. Consumers should stu

5、dy a companys privacy policy in its promotional literature. If such a policy is weak or nonexistent, it is reasonable to assume that the company uses any personal information it captures in every way it legally can.Consumers can also protect their privacy when faced with what they consider excessive

6、 requests for information by asking why the information is pertinent or by refusing to answer the questions. Finally, individuals can take initiative by informing other citizens about specific privacy problems. Many threats to privacy remain unpublicized simply because there are too many of them for

7、 existing privacy advocates to track. Even simple research on an unpublicized privacy problem can have an impact when submitted to a relevant Internet forum, watchdog group, or media outlet.【答案】即使沒有這些保護(hù)措施，個人也可以采取行動保護(hù)自己的隱私。有時候，如果消費者一直呼吁隱私保護(hù)的話，市場力量可以為公司進(jìn)行隱私保護(hù)而創(chuàng)造動機(jī)。消費者應(yīng)該在公司的宣傳推廣資料中研究隱私權(quán)政策。如果這種政策不中用或者不存

8、在的話，那么公司使用任何從合法渠道獲取的個人信息會被認(rèn)為是合理的。當(dāng)面對他們所認(rèn)為的過分的信息要求時，消費者也可以通過詢問信息為什么是相關(guān)的或者拒絕回答問題，以進(jìn)行隱私保護(hù)。最后，個人可以通過告知其他公民關(guān)于具體的隱私問題來采取主動權(quán)。許多對隱私的威脅沒有公開僅僅是因為對于目前的隱私提倡者來說，其中有太多隱私威脅需要追蹤了。當(dāng)提交給相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇、監(jiān)察組織或者媒體時，甚至有關(guān)未公開的隱私問題的簡單研究都能產(chǎn)生影響。4.單選題If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on

9、a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must pro

10、duce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scien

11、tific services.In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural science, the soc

12、ial sciences, and the arts, but also relative emphases among the natural sciences themselves.Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge. The attention of the public is continually drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these

13、 should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.9. According to the first paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because _.10. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?11. It can

14、be inferred from the passage that _.12. The best title for this passage might be _.問題1選項A.the current public school system is too complicated to be understoodB.the public school system has no choice of what to teachC.it is difficult to decide whether elementary science should be taught in public sch

15、oolsD.the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students問題2選項A.One of the major tasks of education is to discover the most promising students.B.In order to teach effectively, educators are requested to lay emphasis on one particular field.C.Some subjects have been over-emphasized i

16、n public schools.D.The progress of the society cannot merely rely on inventors.問題3選項A.sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledgeB.students should learn more up-to-date knowledgeC.lack of scientific knowledge will lead to poor relations between producers and users of scientific servicesD

17、.students are getting to know the importance of a good balance among the branches of knowledge問題4選項A.Current System in EducationB.Educational Situation in Public SchoolC.Balance in EducationD.Importance of Teaching Science and Technology【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:A第4題:C【解析】9. 【試題答案】D【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的The publ

18、ic school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇，因為這些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時進(jìn)行。）以及The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.（公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以會變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因為傳授學(xué)習(xí)的對象并沒有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項“教育工作者不得不照顧

19、普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確，符合題意。A選項“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”，B選項“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”，C選項“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故選D。10. 【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our

20、 task would be fairly simple.（如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人，讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí)，那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡單了。）這只是作者的一個假設(shè)，并沒有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項“教育的一個主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯誤，與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Such balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field.（這樣的平衡被過分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。）可知C選項“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確，符合題意。同理可推理出B選項“為了有效地教學(xué)，要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第

21、一段中Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts.（因為我們生活在一個民主的國家，所以，必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評判專家的工作。）民主國家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項“社會的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確

22、，符合題意。故選A。11. 【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中The attention of the public is continually drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for begi

23、nners.（公眾的注意力不斷地被科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引，不應(yīng)該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的，已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開，因為這些材料形成了適合初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程。）由此可知，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該從最基本的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)起。因此A選項“應(yīng)該給予基礎(chǔ)知識足夠的重視”正確，符合題意。B選項“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多最新的知識”，C選項“缺乏科學(xué)知識將導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和科學(xué)服務(wù)使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關(guān)系”，D選項“學(xué)生正慢慢認(rèn)識到知識學(xué)科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選A。12. 【試題答案】C【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中The public school system, however, ha

24、s no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇，因為這些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時進(jìn)行）第一段提出教育平衡的話題，第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進(jìn)行論述。綜合而知，本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個話題展開闡述的。因此C選項“教育平衡”正確，符合題意。A選項“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”，B選項“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”，D選項“教授科學(xué)和技術(shù)的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選C。5.單選題The gloomy myth-makers foresee a world destroyed

25、 by floods or fire, and a human population _ by war, starvation or infectious diseases.問題1選項A.stagnatedB.suppressedC.contrivedD.decimated【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項stagnate“停滯，淤塞，變蕭條”，B項suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓，廢止”，C項contrive“設(shè)計，發(fā)明，圖謀”，D項decimate“大批殺害，大量毀滅，大大削弱”。根據(jù)world destroyed by floods or fire“被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀的世界”可知，human

26、 population _ by war填入decimated符合語境。句意：悲觀的神話制造者預(yù)測世界將被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀，人類將被戰(zhàn)爭、饑餓或傳染病奪去生命。因此，該題選擇D項正確。6.單選題Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have less teeth than men by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted.問題1選項A.could have avoidedB.le

27、ss teethC.by the simple deviceD.open【答案】B【解析】考查語法。Less是little的比較級，用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，teeth是可數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)該用few的比較級fewer。句意：亞里斯多德認(rèn)為女人的牙齒比男人的少，只要讓亞里斯多德太太張著嘴讓他數(shù)一數(shù)，他本可以避免這個錯誤。因此，該題選擇B項。7.單選題In 1636 Rembrandt began to depict quieter, more contemplative scenes with a new warmth in color.問題1選項A.impressiveB.magnificentC.i

28、nspiringD.thoughtful【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的，冥想的，默想的”；A項impressive“感人的，令人欽佩的，給人以深刻印象的”，B項magnificent“高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的”，C項inspiring“鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的”，D項thoughtful“深思的，體貼的，關(guān)切的”。句意：1636年，倫勃朗開始用一種新的溫暖色彩來描繪更安靜、更發(fā)人深省的場景。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。8.單選題Very young children with no reading experience may astound their

29、 parents with the first words they read, such as a department store sign announcing Big Sale.問題1選項A.amazeB.pleaseC.conveyD.bother【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。astound表示“使驚駭，使震驚”；A項amaze“使吃驚”，B項please“使喜歡，使高興，使?jié)M意”，C項convey“傳達(dá)，運輸，讓與”，D項bother“煩擾，打擾，使不安”。句意：沒有閱讀經(jīng)驗的幼兒第一次讀到的單詞可能會讓他們的父母感到震驚，比如百貨商店的招牌上寫著“大減價”。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A

30、選項正確。9.單選題Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to th

31、e idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. T

32、hey are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decided by themselves whether to reestablish a soverei

33、gn nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the statesas enjoyed by many American Indian natives such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the

34、 natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lalui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clea

35、r how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on thi

36、s issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claim to legally own the land. The OHA has vigo

37、rously disputed this.1. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?2. John Waihees attitude towards the native Hawaiians sovereignty movement can best be described as “_”.3. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs most wants to support the native Hawaiians to _.4. According to the fift

38、h paragraph, it is hard to determine _.5. Concerning the Hawaiian crown land, what do the native Hawaiians demand from the government?問題1選項A.Their life is worse than that of other Hawaiian groups.B.They are the only native group without sovereignty.C.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.

39、D.Their life span is five years shorter than average Americans.問題2選項A.democraticB.optimisticC.demandingD.ambitious問題3選項A.establish a sovereign of Hawaiian nationB.become autonomous rather than establishing a sovereign nationC.focus on developing economically instead of fighting politicallyD.join in

40、the local independence movement問題4選項A.how many people will take part in the sovereignty movementB.who will be regarded as native HawaiiansC.how many people will enjoy the autonomyD.what qualifications one will have so as to lead the autonomy問題5選項A.They want the government to acknowledge their owners

41、hip of the land.B.They want the government to pay a rent for the land on a yearly basis.C.They want the government to stop using the land for any purpose.D.They want the government to pay more back rent on the land.【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.【試題答案】A【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷土著，下列哪項陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章

42、第二段第一句The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（1898年，這些島嶼被美國吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民的處境比其他任何種族的人都要糟糕）可知，A項“他們的生活比其他夏威夷族群更糟糕”正確；由第二段最后一句They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.（他們是沒有什

43、么自治權(quán)的唯一主要的美國本土群體）可知，B項“他們是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著群體”表述不準(zhǔn)確，并不是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著居民，而是唯一主要的美國本土群體；由第二段第二句They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians.（他們占全州無家可歸者的60%以上，失業(yè)率高，壽命比夏威夷人平均壽命短5年）可知，C項“其中60%無家可歸或失業(yè)”和D項“他們的

44、壽命比普通美國人短5年”也與原文不符合。因此，該題選擇A項正確。2.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“John Waihee對夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運動的態(tài)度可以用來描述”。根據(jù)第三段的描述But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decided by themselves whe

45、ther to reestablish a sovereign nation.（但是，由夏威夷第一位土著州長John Waihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會，通過建議夏威夷土著自行決定是否重建一個主權(quán)國家，為土著的事業(yè)提供了重大推動。）可以推斷，John Waihee對夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運動的態(tài)度是民主的，A項“民主”符合題意；B項“樂觀”、C項“苛求的”和D項“雄心勃勃”表述都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。3.【試題答案】B【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室最希望支持夏威夷原住民”。根據(jù)第四段中的Some just want greater autonomy within the

46、 statesas enjoyed by many American Indian natives such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs（一些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)，就像許多美國印第安土著享有的自治權(quán)一樣，比如教育，這一立場得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持）可知，夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室支持夏威夷原住民自治，B項“自治，而不是建立一個主權(quán)國家”正確；A項“建立夏威夷國家的主權(quán)”表述與文意相反；C項“強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而不是政治斗爭”和D項“參加地方獨立運動”沒有提到。因此，該題選

47、擇B項正確。4.【試題答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第五段，很難決定”。根據(jù)第五段But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.（但是，如果夏威夷當(dāng)?shù)厝吮毁x予更大的自治權(quán)，這將適用于多少人還遠(yuǎn)不清楚。州政府只把那些有

48、50%以上夏威夷血統(tǒng)的人算為本地居民。）可知，很難決定多少人可以被賦予自治權(quán)，C項“多少人將享有自治權(quán)”正確；A項“有多少人會參加主權(quán)運動”和D項“一個人將有什么資格來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自治”沒有提到；B項“誰將被視為土著夏威夷人”在文中有明確的表述。因此，該題選擇C項正確。5.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷皇冠土地，夏威夷本地人對政府有什么要求？”。最后一段指出Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hect

49、ares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities.（然而，當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊蟛⒉粌H僅是基于政治上的不滿。他們還要求接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷皇冠土地的要求。正是在這個問題上，土著群體面臨著來自州當(dāng)局的最大反對。），由此可知，夏威夷本地人對政府的要求是承認(rèn)他們對土地的所有權(quán)，A項“他們想讓政府承認(rèn)他們對土地的所有權(quán)”正確；文中提到了土地的拖欠資金問題，B項“他們希望政府按年支付土地

50、租金”、C項“他們希望政府停止使用土地的任何目的”和D項“他們想要政府支付更多的土地租金”都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。10.寫作題Directions: Use 200-250 words to present your views on the topic below, using relevant reasons and examples to support them.“High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meanin

51、gful and thoughtful communication.”【答案】略11.翻譯題“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct the meaning of the word has never been clear. (1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed th

52、at a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things requ

53、ired in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed toit was not designed for such purposes. (2) To criticize it for such failure is roughly, comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velo

54、city.The other thing we have to notice is/that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. (3) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fa

55、ir” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do ones best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it (4) The first two must be equal for

56、 all who being compared) if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Is value lies of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis

57、for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than children of this age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (5)O

58、n the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude/towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared; and only if he was not punished by lack, of relevant information which they possessed.【答案】1.

59、人們對與智能有關(guān)的各種行為，比對這些行為如何進(jìn)行解釋和分類，看法更不一致。2.批評智力測試不反映上述情況，就猶如批評溫度計不測風(fēng)速一樣。3.既然對智力的評估是比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對我們的對象進(jìn)行比較時，我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。4.如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話，那么對所有被比較者來說，前兩個因素必須是一樣的。5.總的來說，得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的其他孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識而被扣分。12.單選題The presidents critics say he h

60、as been too _ in responding to changing international developments.問題1選項A.lusciousB.forlornC.timidD.eloquent【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項luscious“甘美的，滿足感官的”，B項forlorn“被遺棄的，絕望的，孤獨的”，C項timid“膽小的，羞怯的”，D項eloquent“意味深長的，雄辯的，有口才的”。由The presidents critics“總統(tǒng)的批評者”可知，后面是負(fù)面的評價，排除A項和D項，根據(jù)responding to changing internati