Unit9

AreDreamsasVitalasSleep?第1頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepIIITextComprehension3.1ComprehensionQuestions3.2TextAnalysisNavigationGuideIRelatedInformation1.1DreamHistory1.2TypesofDreamIIDifficult

Points2.1KeyWords2.2KeyPoints第2頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepObjectives

Awaresomefamoustheoriesofdreams.Understanding“Dreams”:itsmovement.第3頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepDreamHistoryDreaminterpretationsdatesbackto3000-4000B.C.BackintheGreekandRomanera,dreaminterpretersaccompaniedmilitaryleadersintobattle.第4頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepDreamswerealsoseenasprophetic.Dreamingcanbeseenasanactualplacethatyourspiritandsoulleaveseverynighttogoandvisit.第5頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepTypesofDreamsDaydreamLucidDreamRecurringDreamNightmare第6頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepDaydreamanaverageof70-120minutesaday.alevelofconsciousnessbetweensleepandwakefulnessItoccursduringourwakinghourswhenweletourimaginationcarryusaway.themeaningstoyournightlydreamsymbolsarealsoapplicabletoyourdaydreams.第7頁Lucid

dreamingtakesplacewhenyouareinthemiddleofadreamandyourecognizethatitisadream.recurringdream

Dreamthathasbeenmadeforseveraltimes第8頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepII.DifficultPoints

KeyWordsKeyPoints

第9頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepKeyWordsPsychiatrist:SpecialistinstudyandtreatmentofmentalillnessNeuropsychologist:Scientistswhostudiestherelationshipbetweenthebrainandnervoussystemandbehavior.第10頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepKeyPointsMuscularTone第11頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepKeyPointsSigmundFreud’sHumanMind第12頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepSigmundFreud

6May1856–23September1939anAustrian

neurologistwhofoundedthepsychoanalyticschoolofpsychiatry.Freudisbestknownforhistheoriesoftheunconsciousmindandthedefensemechanismofrepression,andforcreatingtheclinicalpracticeofpsychoanalysisfortreatingpsychopathologythroughdialoguebetweenapatient,technicallyreferredtoasan"analysand",andapsychoanalyst.Freudredefinedsexualdesireastheprimarymotivationalenergyofhumanlife第13頁P(yáng)avlov(1849-1936)TheRussianscientiststudyingthemechanismsunderlyingthedigestivesysteminmammals.awardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1904.turnedtostudyingthelawsontheformationofconditionedreflexes,atopiconwhichheworkeduntilhisdeathin1936.第14頁While-readingReadthepassagewithintwentyminutesDoexercisesA,B,D第15頁III.TextComprehension

III.TextComprehension

ComprehensionQuestions

StructureAnalysis第16頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepComprehensionQuestions1.Whatarethe

threebasicphysiologicalcriteriafordreaming?2.Whataretheamountofdreamofnew-borninfants,adults,birdsandreptilesandamphibians?3.whatarethetwoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivity?4.Whenmaysleepwalkingoccur?5.whatdoyouthinktheimportanceofstudyingdreamsis?6.Whatisthehypothesisdirectingourstudy?第17頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleep?TheThreebasicphysiologicalcriteriafordreaming1DisappearanceofmusculartoneRapidEyeMovement(REM)Characteristicbrainwaves第18頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleep2?TheAmountofDreamNewborninfants:50%Adult:20%Birds:0.5%Reptileandamphibian:0第19頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepTwoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivityFirst,rapideyemovement,whichwecallphasephenomenonSecond,theblockingofmusculartone,whichiscalledatonicphenomenon第20頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepSleepwalkingNotduringdreamperiodsbutinthehalfawake第21頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepTheimportanceofstudyingdreamsTostudyingdreamsistostudyoneofthebrain'smostmysteriousfunctions,toknowanimportantphysiologicalroleandtodefinewhatthatroleis.Probably,studyingdreamscanalsohelpusexplaincertainmentalillnessesandmanyotherthings.

第22頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepThehypothesisDreamingactivityisinseparablefromotheractivitiesofthenervoussystem.Therearenoseparatestatesofwaking,sleeping,dreaming.第23頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepOutlinePartI(paras1-20)Theexplorationtodreamsanditsfindings:(threebasicphysiologicalcriteriafordreamingandpinpointingthecentersresponsibleforthetwoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivity)PartII(paras21-26)CatsinastateofhallucinationPartIII(paras27-36)Dreamingcanberegulatedatwill第24頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepPart2(22-26)

Catinastateofhallucinationhallucination幻覺blockade封鎖cosmic宇宙Whatotherrelatedrespectsarereferredafterthediscoveryofthecenters?1.Sleepwalking2.Theinfluenceofweightlessnessonastronauts第25頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepPart3(27-35)

dreamingcanberegulatedatwillprecursor先質(zhì)deprive…of剝奪…molecule分子instantaneous即時(shí)，瞬間deform使變形，毀壞形狀或外觀trituration咀嚼WhatisthehypothesisDr.Jouvethasarrivedatfromtheexperiments?Whatisthelimitationofthishypothesis?Dreamingactivityisinseparablefromotheractivitiesofthenervoussystem.Itfailstoexplainwhythisfunctionsuddenlyappearsintheevolutionofspecieswiththebird,tobemagnifiedinakindofexplosionwiththemammals.第26頁AreDreamsasVitalasSleepPart1(1-21)psychiatrist精神病教授，精神科醫(yī)生biochemist生物化學(xué)家Freud弗洛伊德Pavlov巴甫洛夫（條件反射經(jīng)典