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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-國(guó)防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ifaspeciesofparasiteistosurvive,thehostorganismsmustlivelongenoughfortheparasitetoreproduce;ifthehostspeciesbecomes______,sodoitsparasites.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.succumbed

B.extinct

C.infertile

D.widespread

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)succumbed為succumb的過(guò)去分詞,表示“屈服”,B項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的,絕種的”,C項(xiàng)infertile“不肥沃的,不毛的”,D項(xiàng)widespread“普遍的,廣泛的”。由hostorganisms(宿主)可知,hostspecies指的一種寄生蟲(chóng)寄生的生物,而前面是說(shuō)“如果一種寄生蟲(chóng)要存活,宿主必須活得足夠長(zhǎng),以便寄生蟲(chóng)繁殖”,那么后面講的是另外一種情況,所以只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:如果一種寄生蟲(chóng)要存活下來(lái),宿主有機(jī)體必須活得足夠長(zhǎng),以便寄生蟲(chóng)繁殖;如果宿主物種滅絕,它的寄生蟲(chóng)也會(huì)滅絕。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段,下面哪個(gè)是電影史上最重要的發(fā)展?”。根據(jù)第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.(20世紀(jì)20年代末,無(wú)聲電影向有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變標(biāo)志著電影史上迄今為止最重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。)可知,電影史上最重要的發(fā)展是從無(wú)聲電影到有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變,A項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)20年代有聲電影的技術(shù)革新”正確。由第二句話Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.(盡管從那以后的幾十年里,在戲劇和家庭中移動(dòng)影像的傳輸方面出現(xiàn)了所有高度可見(jiàn)的技術(shù)發(fā)展,但沒(méi)有任何一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新能夠被視為類(lèi)似的分水嶺。)可知,B項(xiàng)“一種把電影送到人們家里的方法的發(fā)明”、C項(xiàng)“將電影翻譯成其他語(yǔ)言的技術(shù)的發(fā)展”和D項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使電影中的圖像更加清晰”都不是。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提及‘日本配音師’和‘原創(chuàng)音樂(lè)作品’?”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第三句Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.(在許多情況下,在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前的時(shí)代,觀眾在體驗(yàn)電影視覺(jué)圖像的同時(shí),也體驗(yàn)了精心制作的聽(tīng)覺(jué)呈現(xiàn),從日本配音師,即敘述者,制作的多聲音對(duì)話敘事到歐美交響樂(lè)團(tuán)演奏的原創(chuàng)音樂(lè)作品。),從中我們可以推斷,在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前,觀眾在觀看無(wú)聲電影時(shí),也能夠體驗(yàn)到精心制作的聽(tīng)覺(jué)呈現(xiàn),包括對(duì)話敘事和原創(chuàng)音樂(lè),這是說(shuō)明聲音陪伴電影的方式,C項(xiàng)“指出在20世紀(jì)20年代后期聲音發(fā)明之前,聲音陪伴電影的一些方式”符合題意,由此也可知A項(xiàng)“暗示在20世紀(jì)20年代向有聲電影過(guò)渡之前,觀眾更喜歡其他形式的娛樂(lè)”錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“提供一些為電影錄制的最初聲音的例子”,提供例子的目的本身就是為了說(shuō)明有聲電影之前,聲音陪伴電影的一些方式,該項(xiàng)不正確;D項(xiàng)“展示電影中聲音的使用在不同的歷史時(shí)期是如何變化的”,第二段并沒(méi)有論述歷史時(shí)期的變化,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段中下劃線的單詞overshadowed的意思與……最接近”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.(除此之外,錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)……20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的視覺(jué)圖像技術(shù)和美學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的豐富多樣性),第一段提到20世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)生了電影史上最大的轉(zhuǎn)變,即從無(wú)聲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變,那么可以推測(cè),這里的overshadowed指的是:錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)蓋過(guò)/超過(guò)了20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的一些技術(shù),那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)移,使從……分心”。B項(xiàng)“解釋”、C項(xiàng)“引導(dǎo),指揮”和D項(xiàng)“使協(xié)調(diào),配合”都不符合。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)解釋了歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的延遲?”。根據(jù)最后一段中的InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive(在歐洲花的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)一些,主要是因?yàn)橛懈嗟男≈谱髡?,?duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)聲音成本高得令人望而卻步)可知,歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的推遲是因?yàn)槁曇舫杀咎?,小的制片人?fù)擔(dān)不起,B項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人往往無(wú)力為他們的電影添加聲音”正確。A項(xiàng)“歐洲制片人往往缺乏向有聲電影過(guò)渡所需設(shè)備的知識(shí)”和D項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人認(rèn)為有音樂(lè)伴奏的無(wú)聲電影在美學(xué)上優(yōu)于有聲電影”沒(méi)有提到;由andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms)(在世界的其他地方,由于權(quán)利和設(shè)備的問(wèn)題,聲音制作的轉(zhuǎn)變又推遲了幾年,盡管大城市的電影院可能已經(jīng)安裝了設(shè)備以播放外國(guó)有聲電影。)可知,C項(xiàng)“給大城市里的老電影院安裝電線播放有聲電影常常是困難的”并不符合原文。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”,B項(xiàng)impressive“給人以深刻印象的”,C項(xiàng)famous“著名的,極好的”,D項(xiàng)gradual“逐漸的,平緩的”。句意:農(nóng)民們涌向西部,以驚人的速度填滿了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。表示某物的長(zhǎng)、高、寬時(shí),英語(yǔ)中的表達(dá)是“名詞+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)量+形容詞”,故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為beof結(jié)構(gòu),后面一般跟抽象名詞,表示“某物/某人具有某種品質(zhì)、性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)”;B項(xiàng)介詞at使用不正確;C項(xiàng)meters應(yīng)該緊跟在數(shù)字后面。句意:歐洲最高的山脈海拔2473米。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Broughtupinademocraticatmosphere,thestudentwasshockedbythe______andnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indecisiveness

B.bigotry

C.callus

D.calumny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)indecisiveness表示“猶豫不定”,B項(xiàng)bigotry表示“偏執(zhí),頑固”,C項(xiàng)callus表示“愈合組織,老繭”,D項(xiàng)calumny表示“誹謗,中傷”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處和narrowness(狹隘)為并列成分,因此,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“偏執(zhí)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:在民主的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大的這個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)他的幾個(gè)同學(xué)表現(xiàn)出的偏執(zhí)和狹隘感到震驚。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Asmoreandmorepeoplepaytheirbillselectronicallyon-line,writingoutcheckseverymonthisslowlybecominga(n)______practice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.contemporary

C.novel

D.antique

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)obsolete“廢棄的,過(guò)時(shí)的”,B項(xiàng)contemporary“發(fā)生(屬)于同時(shí)期的,當(dāng)代的”,C項(xiàng)novel“新奇的,異常的”,D項(xiàng)antique“古老的,年代久遠(yuǎn)的”。由paytheirbillselectronicallyon-line(網(wǎng)上支付賬單)和writingoutchecks(開(kāi)具支票)對(duì)應(yīng)可知,______practice表示“過(guò)時(shí)的做法”。句意:隨著越來(lái)越多的人在線支付他們的賬單,每月開(kāi)具支票慢慢地成為一種過(guò)時(shí)的做法。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unwise“不明智的,愚蠢的,輕率的”,B項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的,頑強(qiáng)的”,C項(xiàng)tiresome“煩人的,無(wú)聊的”,D項(xiàng)unscientific“不科學(xué)的,不符合科學(xué)原理的”。句意:按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的,因?yàn)樗麄冎貜?fù)種植同一種作物,幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知,imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Youhavetohaveyourlibrarycardwithyouifyouwanttoborrowbooks,______?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haven’tyou

B.willyou

C.mustn’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查附加疑問(wèn)句。附加疑問(wèn)句,即反意疑問(wèn)句,指在陳述句后面對(duì)陳述句所敘述的事實(shí)提出的疑問(wèn)。這個(gè)句子的陳述部分用的動(dòng)詞是haveto,表示肯定,且是一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,所以反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)該使用助動(dòng)詞do的否定,D項(xiàng)符合。A選項(xiàng)存在的前提是前面的陳述句里用了助動(dòng)詞have,如:Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?但是這個(gè)句子里面的haveto是一個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)同理,都需要陳述句里有will或must才正確。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Inthebusinessworld,whereeverythingisstoredoncomputers,filingcabinetsfullofpaperrecordshavebecome______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.contemporary

C.unprecedented

D.innovative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)obsolete表示“廢棄的,淘汰的,過(guò)時(shí)的”,B項(xiàng)contemporary表示“發(fā)生(屬)于同時(shí)期的,當(dāng)代的”,C項(xiàng)unprecedented表示“空前的,無(wú)前例的”,D項(xiàng)innovative表示“革新的,創(chuàng)新的,新穎的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息everythingisstoredoncomputers(一切都存儲(chǔ)在電腦上)可知,filingcabinetsfullofpaperrecords(裝滿文件記錄的文件柜)應(yīng)該是“過(guò)時(shí)的”。句意:在商業(yè)世界,所有的東西都存儲(chǔ)在電腦上,裝滿紙質(zhì)記錄的文件柜已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Histrialforembezzlementwasa______onhisfamily’sreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speck

B.strain

C.pause

D.faults

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)speck“小點(diǎn),污點(diǎn)”,B項(xiàng)strain“張力,拉緊,負(fù)擔(dān)”,C項(xiàng)pause“暫停,間歇”,D項(xiàng)faults“故障,錯(cuò)誤”。由trialforembezzlement(因挪用公款的審判)和reputation(名譽(yù))可知,A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意:他因挪用公款而受審,這是他家族名譽(yù)上的一個(gè)污點(diǎn)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thesphereshadbeenmagnetized______attractedorrepelledeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothatthey

B.sotheywere

C.asiftheyhad

D.inorderthatthey

【答案】A

【解析】考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子可知,空格后面的內(nèi)容是前面部分句子的結(jié)果,所以這里是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,sothat可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“所以”,故A項(xiàng)正確;B項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但eachother前面沒(méi)有by,所以不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);C項(xiàng)asif引導(dǎo)的是方式狀語(yǔ)從句;D項(xiàng)表示目的。句意:這些球被磁化了,所以它們相互吸引或排斥。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TheExperimentalPsychologySocietytriestoimprovescientificcommunicationsamongexperimentalpsychologistsandthoseworkingin______fields.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cognate

B.congenial

C.congenital

D.cognitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cognate“同源的,同類(lèi)的”,B項(xiàng)congenial“意氣相投的,性格相似的”,C項(xiàng)congenital“先天的,天生的”,D項(xiàng)cognitive“認(rèn)知的,認(rèn)識(shí)的”。空格處修飾的詞語(yǔ)是field(領(lǐng)域),由此可知,B、C項(xiàng)是修飾人的,故排除;根據(jù)improvescientificcommunicationsamongexperimentalpsychologistsandthoseworkingin______fields(改善實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家和在……領(lǐng)域工作的人之間的科學(xué)交流)可知,A項(xiàng)更符合。句意:實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)試圖改善實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家和在相同領(lǐng)域工作的人之間的科學(xué)交流。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

TheCoriolisforcecausesallmovingprojectilesonEarthtobedeflectedfromastraightline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprung

B.deviated

C.beretracted

D.beconceived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干defected“偏離”;A項(xiàng)“跳,躍”,B項(xiàng)“偏離;脫離”,C項(xiàng)“撤回;收回”,D項(xiàng)“設(shè)想”,因此選B。句意:科里奧利力導(dǎo)致地球上所有移動(dòng)的彈丸從直線偏轉(zhuǎn)。

14.單選題

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“傳送;輸送”,B項(xiàng)“巡回工作的;流動(dòng)的”,C項(xiàng)“游牧的”,D項(xiàng)“短暫的”。根據(jù)題干中的but,可知前后為對(duì)比,結(jié)合句意:小時(shí)候,時(shí)間總是像夏天傍晚天空中的閃電蟲(chóng)一樣緩慢移動(dòng),但成年后,時(shí)間是。因此選D項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Kenlovestoarguejustforthesakeofarguing.Withsucha______personality,he’ssuretobeatriallawyer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disputatious

B.captious

C.belligerent

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)disputatious“愛(ài)爭(zhēng)辯的”,B項(xiàng)captious“挑剔的,吹毛求疵的”,C項(xiàng)belligerent“交戰(zhàn)的,好戰(zhàn)的”,D項(xiàng)malicious“惡意的,惡毒的”。根據(jù)前半句的意思“Ken喜歡為了爭(zhēng)論而爭(zhēng)論”可知,A項(xiàng)符合。句意:Ken喜歡為了爭(zhēng)論而爭(zhēng)論;有這樣一個(gè)好爭(zhēng)辯的性格,他一定會(huì)成為一名辯護(hù)律師。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)credible“可靠的,可信的”,B項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的,因輕信而產(chǎn)生的”,C項(xiàng)incredulous“不肯相信的,表示懷疑的”,D項(xiàng)incredible“不可能相信的,很難相信的”。由主語(yǔ)politicians(政客)和關(guān)鍵信息astheyseldomtellthetruth(因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話)可知,politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”,D項(xiàng)符合。句意:在大多數(shù)情況下,政客們都是難以令人相信的,因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.(與現(xiàn)代工業(yè)陶藝家不同的是,史前工匠們用最簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)制作了每一件陶器,但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現(xiàn)出非凡的技巧),可知本文的主旨是B項(xiàng)“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”,后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過(guò)程。

A項(xiàng)“考古學(xué)家為什么研究史前造壺”,文中并未提及;C項(xiàng)“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發(fā)展”,kilns只在文章最后提到,不是文章主題;D項(xiàng)“史前陶器上裝飾的種類(lèi)”,也只是在文中有提及,并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.(粘土的稠度至關(guān)重要:它被仔細(xì)地?fù)v碎,并與水混合,使其質(zhì)地完全均勻)。meticulously“仔細(xì)地”。A項(xiàng)“大量地;沉重地”,B項(xiàng)“最初”,C項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)地;小心翼翼的”,D項(xiàng)“徹底地;完全地”,因此只有C項(xiàng)符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干:以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來(lái)給器皿玻璃般的飾面?文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.(用一塊圓石或者類(lèi)似的東西打磨,可以得到一個(gè)光亮、堅(jiān)硬的表面),因此正確選項(xiàng)為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項(xiàng)“用濕手撫平它們”,這并不能得到一個(gè)玻璃般的飾面,而且接下來(lái)還有很多步驟;B項(xiàng)“將粘土與有色溶液混合”,文中未體現(xiàn);C項(xiàng)“在很高的溫度下烘烤”,這是glaze“釉料”的制作過(guò)程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…(在被稱為窯爐的特殊烘箱中,溫度要高得多,這種烘箱……),

是說(shuō)用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度,因此正確選項(xiàng)為B“達(dá)到更高的溫度”。A項(xiàng)“燃燒所需木材較少”,C項(xiàng)“把灰從罐子里拿開(kāi)”,D項(xiàng)“烘烤容器并且容器沒(méi)有開(kāi)裂”,均在文中未體現(xiàn)。

18.單選題

Althoughisunusualtodenouncemuseum-goersfornotpainting,itisquitecommon,eventopthose,whoareunenthusiasticaboutsports,tocriticizespectatorsforathletic______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.snobbery

B.ignorance

C.arrogance

D.inactivity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)snobbery“勢(shì)利,諂上欺下”,B項(xiàng)ignorance“無(wú)知,愚昧”,C項(xiàng)arrogance“自大,傲慢態(tài)度”,D項(xiàng)inactivity“不做任何事,不活動(dòng)”。由quitecommon和even可知,前后兩句是對(duì)應(yīng)的,那么根據(jù)前面的notpainting對(duì)應(yīng)可知,athletic______也要表示否定,且空格部分表示的是事情,并不是人,所以只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意:盡管譴責(zé)藝術(shù)館參觀者不揮毫作畫(huà)這樣的事甚為罕見(jiàn),但是即使對(duì)于那些并不怎么熱衷于體育活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō),去批評(píng)體育觀眾在體育上的不參與,這樣的事卻相當(dāng)普遍。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

19.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開(kāi)始講述了19世紀(jì)攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù),并把繪畫(huà)和攝影作比較,來(lái)反駁否定攝影的論點(diǎn),第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門(mén)藝術(shù),當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品,接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫(huà)和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫(huà)進(jìn)行舉例,證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù),最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會(huì)使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知,文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度,所以C項(xiàng)“解釋當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度,并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“定義現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項(xiàng)“解釋攝影是如何成為一門(mén)藝術(shù)的”和D項(xiàng)“定義當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法,并評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”都只是部分提及。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)形容詞最好地描述了作者在第2段中描述的‘現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念’?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.(這說(shuō)明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的,其合理程度是:藝術(shù)越強(qiáng),對(duì)藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大。),結(jié)合第二段倒數(shù)第三句有提到Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.(嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自我,但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。)可知,嚴(yán)肅的攝影師雖然聲稱自己不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品,但是他們卻把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的,可推理這是一種矛盾的現(xiàn)象,所以D項(xiàng)“矛盾的”正確。A項(xiàng)“客觀的”、B項(xiàng)“機(jī)械的,呆板的”和C項(xiàng)“膚淺的”都不正確。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者為什么要介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家?”。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段第二句Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.(例如,這些認(rèn)為通過(guò)拍照可以擺脫繪畫(huà)所表現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)的矯飾的攝影家,使我們想起了那些抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家,他們想象著通過(guò)專注于繪畫(huà)的物理行為來(lái)擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫(huà)的嚴(yán)肅思想),結(jié)合第二段提到的Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.(嚴(yán)肅的攝影師都聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自我,但絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。)推斷,作者在第三段介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家的例子,是要舉例說(shuō)明這些畫(huà)家也如同當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣,擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目的,故A項(xiàng)“他要列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子,他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的”正確。B項(xiàng)“他想在抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家和古典現(xiàn)代主義畫(huà)家之間找出相似點(diǎn)”不符合原文。C項(xiàng)“他要在流行藝術(shù)家和其它藝術(shù)家之間作一個(gè)對(duì)比”,文中在此處介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家是想和當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家進(jìn)行類(lèi)比,而不是流行藝術(shù)家和其他藝術(shù)家的對(duì)比,所以C項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“他想解釋為什么嚴(yán)肅攝影,像其它當(dāng)代視覺(jué)形式一樣不是藝術(shù),而且也不應(yīng)當(dāng)充作藝術(shù)”,文中沒(méi)有提到其他當(dāng)代視覺(jué)藝術(shù)形式不是藝術(shù)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者是如何強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影的?”。第一段最后兩句提到Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.(整個(gè)十九世紀(jì),對(duì)攝影的捍衛(wèi)與將其確立為一門(mén)藝術(shù)的斗爭(zhēng)是一致的。有人指責(zé)攝影是一種沒(méi)有靈魂的和對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)機(jī)械性的復(fù)制,攝影工作者卻聲稱攝影不是復(fù)制品,而是一種特殊的觀察方式,是對(duì)平庸視覺(jué)的叛逆,和繪畫(huà)一樣有藝術(shù)價(jià)值。),由此可推知,19世紀(jì)的攝影捍衛(wèi)者認(rèn)為攝影和繪畫(huà)一樣具有藝術(shù)價(jià)值,它是一種藝術(shù),所以D項(xiàng)“這是一種可與繪畫(huà)相媲美的藝術(shù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“他們強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是一種讓人快樂(lè)的方式”沒(méi)有提到。B項(xiàng)“它是記錄世界的藝術(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“這是一種公正地觀察世界的裝置”是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)自己工作的聲稱,并不是攝影捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegeorevenhigherdegrees,______occupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sotoothereare

B.soalsothereare

C.sotherearetoo

D.sotooarethere

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是“justas…s

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