住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy（）forherexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toprepare

B.tobeprepared

C.preparing

D.beingprepared

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bebusyindoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：Jean昨晚沒有時(shí)間去聽音樂會(huì)是因?yàn)樗χ鴾?zhǔn)備她的考試。

2.單選題

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe（）ofhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】句意:雖然他很富有，但是他那些不孝順的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名詞辨析。。torch火炬，手電筒；torment痛苦，苦惱，折磨；topic主題，題目；topper大禮帽，高檔的東西。因此B符合句意。

3.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert,（）itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)asif“猶如，好似”；B選項(xiàng)evenif“即使；雖然”；C選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)whatever“無論什么”。句意：Rod決心要為音樂會(huì)弄一個(gè)座位，即使這意味著要排整晚的隊(duì)。由句意可知后面是讓步狀語從句，故選B。

4.單選題

（）oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tobefree

B.Tofree

C.Freeing

D.Freed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:擺脫了冰塊的負(fù)擔(dān)之后，氣球向上朝南方飄去。

語法題。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句子的后半部分已經(jīng)完整，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，前半部分作為整句的狀語。句子的主語是“氣球”，動(dòng)詞free與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion（）avarietyofanswers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defies

B.magnifies

C.mediates

D.evokes

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)人們被問及他們需要或想要什么樣的住房時(shí)，這個(gè)問題引起了各種各樣的回答

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。defy藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；magnify放大：贊美；夸大;mediate調(diào)停；evoke引起；喚起。該動(dòng)詞的賓語是avarietyofanswers(各種各樣的回答)，由此可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor'soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline"virtualvisits"betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon'thavetoskipworktoattendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions."Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,"saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.

Doctorsaren'tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue.“Wearenotstupid,"saysStiflingSomers,executivedirectoroftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup."Doctorsgettingpaidisacriticalpieceingettingthistowork."Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.

Doctorsalsofearthey'llbeswampedbyramblingE-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat'sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif.-basedstart-up.Healinx's"SmartSymptomWizard"questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.Thedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplan,whichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.

CanE-mailreplacethedoctor'soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requirestethoscopetodiscoverwhat'swrongandtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor'sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor'svisitsoffera“verynarrow"sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.

Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theInternet'srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis"ahugerollofthediceforHealing",notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe"Webvisits"succeed,someHMOs(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown.

1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof（）.

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors'visits?

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,doctorsare（）.

4."SmartSymptomWizard"iscapableof（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rewardingtheiremployees

B.gratifyingthelocalhospitals

C.boostingworkerproductivity

D.testingasophisticatedtechnology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.

B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.

C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.

D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothing

B.notinterestedinWebconsultation

C.tootiredtotalktothepatientonline

D.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingdiagnoses

B.producingprescriptions

C.profilingpatients'illness

D.offeringatreatmentplan

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthem

B.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisits

C.HMOswouldcoverthecostoftheservice

D.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出了目的:Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice(為期九個(gè)月的這次的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，也希望去確定網(wǎng)上問診是否將提高員工的生產(chǎn)率足夠到抵消服務(wù)成本)。因此C項(xiàng)“提高工作效率”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段第二句指出:TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”(作為資深技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的硅谷雇主論壇推出了一個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目來測(cè)試虛擬訪問（即網(wǎng)上問診）)。由此可知D選項(xiàng)“它們還在實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:醫(yī)生不愿意在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)服務(wù)。B:對(duì)網(wǎng)上咨詢不感興趣。C:太累而不能與病人在網(wǎng)上聊天。D:對(duì)一次網(wǎng)上問診20美元的價(jià)格滿意。第二段第一句及第二句指出:Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue(醫(yī)生們并沒有叫嚷著要免費(fèi)和病人在線聊天，盡管他們?cè)陔娫捝匣艘恍o償?shù)臅r(shí)間。據(jù)研究公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)話（CyberDialogue）稱，只有五分之一的人曾給病人發(fā)過電子郵件，只有9%的人對(duì)此感興趣)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)不正確。C項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)并未被文章提及，故排除。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage(Healinx的“智能癥狀向?qū)А毕蚧颊咛釂?，并將答案轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)潔的信息)。因此C選項(xiàng)“扼要描述病人的病情”正確。而其余三項(xiàng)均是醫(yī)生的工作。因此本題選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:雇主將仍對(duì)它們有信心。B:它們能有效替代醫(yī)院?jiǎn)栐\。C:健康維護(hù)組織會(huì)承擔(dān)服務(wù)費(fèi)用。D:改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康工程的新技術(shù)將存在。最后一段指出:Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,someHMOs（HealthMaintenanceOrganizations）areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown(如果“網(wǎng)上問診”成功，一些健康維護(hù)組織（HMO）將為在線訪問付費(fèi)。如果醫(yī)生、雇主和病人都不滿意，那就再找一家電子健康初創(chuàng)公司)。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確，A項(xiàng)過于片面。而B項(xiàng)屬于過度推理，C項(xiàng)只是結(jié)果，并不是條件。因此本題選D。

7.單選題

（）asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】語法題?？疾榈寡b句。前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“…asitwasatsuchatime”為as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句作讓步狀語從句，因此as前應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞publish的過去分詞形式，故選B。句意：盡管在如此一個(gè)時(shí)間被出版，但是他的作品卻引起了很多關(guān)注。

8.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會(huì)影響一個(gè)人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病）。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時(shí)限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時(shí)，體重又會(huì)恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對(duì)老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險(xiǎn)更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個(gè)主要的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對(duì)自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

9.單選題

Thepresident's（）remarksinhisspeechmetwithalotofattacksfromothercountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.offensive

B.impressive

C.permissive

D.expressive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:總統(tǒng)在演講中的攻擊性言論遭到了許多來自其他國(guó)家的攻擊。

考查形容詞辨析。offensive攻擊的，冒犯的，令人不適的；impressive令人贊嘆的，令人欽佩的；permissive許可的，自由的，放任的；expressive表現(xiàn)的，有表現(xiàn)力的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“遭到了許多來自其他國(guó)家的攻擊”可知A符合句意。

10.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從基督教和西方的野蠻王國(guó)中出現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)政治的形態(tài)，而從該形態(tài)中又依次演變出了我們現(xiàn)代世界的政治形態(tài)。

語法題。考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。空格后是一個(gè)定語從句。前面的主句中，F(xiàn)romChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地點(diǎn)狀語，因此在定語從句中，fromwhich作狀語與前面的from形成對(duì)應(yīng)，evolved作謂語，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主語。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測(cè)。

2.對(duì)于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過是對(duì)希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，僅僅是因?yàn)闊o法核實(shí)身份，這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面，保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.更進(jìn)一步說，也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題與樂觀與悲觀的爭(zhēng)論無關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

12.單選題

Flightsimulator(飛行模擬器)referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotandcrewmemberbysimulatingflightconditions.Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute（1）actualflighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle（2）beforethey（3）extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining.Simulationsalsoareusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew（4）toexistingcraft.

TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstflightofOrvilleandWilburWright.Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstosimulatesimpleaircraft（5）inthreedimensions:noseupordown;leftwinghighandrightlow,orviceversa;and（6）toleftorright.Ittookuntil1929,however,foratrulyeffectivesimulator,theLinkTrainer,toappear,devisedbyEdwinA.Link,aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton,NewYork.（7）,airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit“blind”flyingoninstrumentsalone,buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved（8）risk.Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped（9）instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane.Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining,manipulatingthecontrols（10）instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor（11）climbordescentwithnovisualreference（12）—anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel.Thetrainerwasmodified（13）aircrafttechnologyadvanced.CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottrainingandtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934,（14）thousandsmoreasWorldWarIIapproached.

Technologicaladvancesduringthewar,particularlyinelectronics,helpedtomaketheflightsimulatorincreasingly（15）.Theuseofefficientanalogcomputersintheearly1950sledtofurtherimprovements.Airplanecockpits,controls,andinstrumentdisplayshadbythenbecomesoindividualizedthatitwasnolongerfeasibletouseageneralizedtrainertopreparepilotstoflyanything（16）thesimplestlightplanes.Bythe1950s,theUSAirForcewasusingsimulatorsthatprecisely（17）thecockpitsofitsplanes.Duringtheearly1960s（18）digitalandhybridcomputerswereadopted,andtheirspeedandflexibilityrevolutionizedsimulationsystems.

Furtheradvancesincomputerand（19）technology,notablythedevelopmentofvirtual-realitysimulation,havemadeitpossibleto（20）highlycomplexreal-lifeconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.on

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.concern

C.beingconcerned

D.concerned

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.undertake

B.undergo

C.underplay

D.underuse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.models

B.modifications

C.modifiers

D.maneuvers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.manifestations

B.manipulations

C.manifestoes

D.maneuvers

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.yawling

B.yawning

C.yawing

D.yawping

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Fromthenon

B.Fromnowon

C.Bynow

D.Bythen

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.considerate

C.considering

D.considered

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.with

D.on

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.onthepartof

B.onthebasisof

C.onthetrackof

D.onthevergeof

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.controllable

C.controlled

D.controller

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.on

D.in

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.asfor

B.astop

C.as

D.for

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.acquiring

B.requiring

C.sustaining

D.retaining

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.actual

B.realistic

C.realizing

D.true

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.apartfrom

D.but

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.replenished

B.replaced

C.replicated

D.reposed

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.electronic

B.electric

C.electricity

D.electron

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.program

B.programmable

C.programmed

D.programming

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.resurrect

B.reproduce

C.resuscitate

D.resume

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。substituteforsb../sth.代替某人/某物。

第2題:語法題?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。這里表示“讓學(xué)生熟悉相關(guān)裝置”，因此選D項(xiàng)。這里是動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式作后置定語。

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。undertake承擔(dān)，同意，保證；undergo經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；underplay對(duì)…輕描淡寫;underuse未充分利用。此處動(dòng)詞的賓語為“大規(guī)模的危險(xiǎn)性的實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練”，因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

第4題:考查名詞辨析。model模型，典型，模范;modification修改，修正，改變;modifier調(diào)節(jié)器，修飾語;modica口風(fēng)琴。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞familiarizingwith和空白后面的介詞to可知B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查名詞辨析。manifestation表現(xiàn)，顯示，示威運(yùn)動(dòng)；manipulation操作，處理；manifesto宣言，聲明;maneuver演習(xí)，策略。這里表示“模擬簡(jiǎn)單的飛行演習(xí)”，故選D。

第6題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。yawl船載小艇，小帆船；yawn張開；打哈欠；yaw偏航；偏蕩；yawp大聲叫嚷。分析句子可知此處是對(duì)三維模擬飛行演習(xí)作進(jìn)一步說明，故選C項(xiàng)。

第7題:考查短語辨析。上文句意為:直到1929年，一架真正有效的飛行模器出現(xiàn)。因此這里表示:…飛機(jī)上的儀器設(shè)備已經(jīng)得到了充分發(fā)展。因此D“到那時(shí)為止”符合句意。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。considerable相當(dāng)大的，重要的，值得考慮的;considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；considering（介詞）考慮到…;considered經(jīng)過深思熟慮的，被尊重的?？崭裉幱脕硇揎椕~risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn))，故選A。

第9題:考查固定搭配。Beequippedwith配備有…；裝有…；裝備有。

第10題:考查短語辨析。onthepartof就……而言;onthebasisof根據(jù)，基于;onthetrackof追蹤；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于。該處表示“駕駛員對(duì)控制裝置的操縱通常是基于儀表盤上面的讀數(shù)”，故選B項(xiàng)。

第11題:語義分析。control控制，管理，抑制；controllable可控制的，可管理的；controlled受約束的，克制的；controller控制器，管理員。分析句子可知，此處表示“不需要通過視覺上的觀察就能保持直線平穩(wěn)飛行，或者有控制地上升或降落”，故選C。

第12題:考查固定搭配。referenceto提及，參考。

第13題:語法題?？疾闋钫Z從句的連接詞。由句子“Thetrainerwasmodified（）aircrafttechnologyadvanced”可知“（）aircrafttechnologyadvanced”這部分為時(shí)間狀語從句，選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故選C。

第14題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acquire獲得，取得，學(xué)到；require需要，要求，命令；sustain維持，支撐，忍受；retain保持，記住。該處句意為:美國(guó)政府在1934年開始購(gòu)買這種飛行器，隨著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的接近，政府擁有了成千上萬架飛行器。故選A。

第15題:考查形容詞辨析。actual真實(shí)的，實(shí)際的，現(xiàn)行的；realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的；realizing明確無誤的，清晰生動(dòng)的；true真實(shí)的，正確的。電子行業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步應(yīng)該是有助于這種飛行模擬器的設(shè)計(jì)更加逼真，因此B符合句意。

第16題:考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示“除了”，但是只有but與anything搭配使用。

第17題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。replenish補(bǔ)充，給…添加燃料，再填滿;replace取代，代替，更換;replicate復(fù)制：repose使休息，寄托于。分析句子可知，“thatpreciselythecockpitsofitsplanes."這部分為定語從句修飾“飛行模擬器”，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

第18題:考查詞義辨析。electronic電子的；electric電的，發(fā)電的，令人震驚的;electricity電力，電流；electron電子。因此只有A項(xiàng)能修飾digitalandhybridcomputers(數(shù)字和混合計(jì)算機(jī))。

第19題:考查固定搭配。programmingtechnology編程技術(shù)。

第20題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resurrect使復(fù)活，復(fù)興:reproduce復(fù)制，再生；resuscitate使復(fù)蘇，使復(fù)興；resume重新開始，繼續(xù)，恢復(fù)?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，其賓語是highlycomplexreal-lifeconditions(高度復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。在這里表示對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些條件，在模擬過程中進(jìn)行復(fù)現(xiàn)。

13.單選題

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aesthetic

B.ethnic

C.esthetic

D.ethical

【答案】D

【解析】句意:作為普通人，科學(xué)家絕不會(huì)比其他人更誠(chéng)實(shí)、更講道德，但是，在工作中，他們則更為重視誠(chéng)實(shí)。

考查形容詞辨析。aesthetic藝術(shù)的，美學(xué)的：ethnic種族的;esthetic審美的；ethical倫理的，道德的。Or連接honest（誠(chéng)實(shí)的）和空格，因此空格處應(yīng)填入與honest相近且并列的詞，故選D。

14.單選題

Lately,therestaurantchain,which（）mainlytoblue-collardiners,hasbeenhurtbycompetition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.caters

B.fabricates

C.facilitates

D.flees

【答案】A

【解析】句意:最近，這家主要面向藍(lán)領(lǐng)食客的連鎖餐廳由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而遭受損失。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cater迎合;滿足需要；fabricate偽造;facilitate幫助;促進(jìn)；flee逃跑。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞restaurant“餐館”及blue-collardinner“藍(lán)領(lǐng)用餐者”可知A符合句意。

15.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do（）.

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A:高估教學(xué)的重要性是錯(cuò)誤的。B:教學(xué)和研究互相抵觸。C:不應(yīng)該過于強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的重要性。D:不應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)化教學(xué)和研究之間的關(guān)系。第一段講述二者之間的關(guān)系更為復(fù)雜和重要，而并沒有討論二者孰輕孰重。因此A跟C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)提升中的作用過于突出，教學(xué)被嚴(yán)重低估)。因此B項(xiàng)不正確。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(這些話都有一定道理，但它們卻也忽視了教學(xué)與研究二者間更深層、更重要的聯(lián)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:研究能提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。B:樂于挑戰(zhàn)的學(xué)生欣賞研究型的教授。C:很難客觀地評(píng)定教學(xué)質(zhì)量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有責(zé)任心的和吃苦耐勞的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章確實(shí)認(rèn)為，教學(xué)和研宂是互相促進(jìn)的，但并不是在學(xué)術(shù)提升方面，研究型大學(xué)仍然重視研究的原因。因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一個(gè)有高度責(zé)任感且嚴(yán)厲的教授通常會(huì)受到那些想要挑戰(zhàn)的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的贊賞，但是那些成績(jī)不那么令人印象深刻的學(xué)生卻不喜歡他)，由此可知B項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都不是重視研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)，但最高的榮譽(yù)一般都給予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于對(duì)教學(xué)評(píng)定的困難)。由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:研究型大學(xué)里著名的教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究，此選項(xiàng)過于片面。B:將教學(xué)與研究分離會(huì)降低未來科學(xué)家的質(zhì)量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家需要在研究型大學(xué)和藝術(shù)學(xué)院有出色的教學(xué)。雖然科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)里“造”出來的，但在大學(xué)和研究生院的水平上，糟糕的教學(xué)可能會(huì)讓科學(xué)家流失)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:為了培養(yǎng)新科學(xué)家，提高小學(xué)的教學(xué)至關(guān)重要。此選項(xiàng)過度推斷了第三句。D:現(xiàn)代科技的快速發(fā)展使得教學(xué)和研究不可能結(jié)合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparate