住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

挑戰(zhàn)未知是人類誕生之初就具備的本能，而探索外太空則是好奇心和求知欲在現(xiàn)代的延伸。人類和動(dòng)物最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別在于不斷地探求未知，其終極目的就是要回答“我從哪來(lái)？我到哪去？”。這樣的問(wèn)題，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界找不到答案，人們便將追問(wèn)的目光投向浩瀚的外太空。正是這些追問(wèn)，成為人類探索宇宙的動(dòng)力。此外，太空探索還激發(fā)了全人類的科學(xué)精神。

【答案】Challengingtheunknownhasbeenahumaninstinctsincewewereborn,andexploringouterspaceisextensionofcuriosityandaspirationtoknowledgeinmoderntimes.Themostessentialdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsistheconstantsearchfortheunknown,whoseultimategoalistoanswerthequestion“WheredoIcomefrom?WhereamIgoing?”Itisimpossibletofindtheanswerofsuchquestionsintherealworld,therefore,peoplewilltransfertheirattentiontothevastouterspace.Itisthesequestionsthathavebecomethedrivingforceforhumanexplorationoftheuniverse.Inaddition,spaceexplorationhasinspiredthescientificspiritofallmankind.

2.單選題

Thetooththatisbeingextractedbythedentist（）meforsometime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hashurt

B.hasbeenhurting

C.ishurting

D.hurts

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)?！癴or+一段時(shí)間”一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，“forsometime”表示“一段時(shí)間以來(lái)”，句意：牙科醫(yī)生正在拔的那顆牙痛了我一段時(shí)間了。所以本題選擇A選項(xiàng)“hashurt”正確。

3.單選題

Ifit（）tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weretorain

B.wastorain

C.wasraining

D.hadrained

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句子用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬，主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用if+主語(yǔ)+did/weretodo/shoulddo，所以本題應(yīng)該選A選項(xiàng)“weretorain”，正確。

4.單選題

Thecriminalalwayspaid（）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。此題考查固定詞組。payincash是一固定詞組，意為“付現(xiàn)金”。句意：那名罪犯總是用現(xiàn)金付款，因此警方無(wú)法追捕到他。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

DearSirs,

Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.

Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.

Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.

Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.

Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.

Welookforwardtoyourpromptreply.

Yourssincerely,

JohnSmith

1.Themanufacturersof“Smart”watchesweregiventheorderbecause（）.

2.Receivingwatchesinthewrongcolorsisaproblembecause（）.

3.“Thelatterproblem”inparagraph4refersto（）.

4.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5“Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto...withyourcompany”suggeststhat（）.

5.Thepurposeofthisletteristo（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyproducedthebestwatchesofitskindintheworld

B.theywatcheswouldbeeasytomakeandthedesignswerealreadyprepared

C.theypromisedtheycouldproduceenoughstocksquitequickly

D.theyclaimedtheorderwouldbeeasysincethewatcheswerealreadyinstock

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theHongKongagentstressedtheneedtofulfilltheorderexactly

B.thesewatcheswillbedifficulttosell

C.thesewatcheswillnotbeabletogetintothelimitedmarket

D.peoplewillnotbuythewatchesatpresent

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepoorqualityofthegoods

B.theuseofinferiormaterials

C.thelowstandardofmanufacture

D.someofthewatchesnotworking

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecompanymaystoptradingwiththewatchmanufacturers

B.thecompanywillprobablyreducethenumberofwatchestobeorderedinthefuture

C.thewriterisafraidtheircompanymightgooutofbusinesssoon

D.thecompanyisprobablywillingtogivethemanufacturesanotherchance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.askforpromptreply

B.blamethemanufacturersforlatedelivery

C.complainofsomeproblemsconcerningthewatches

D.threatentocanceltheorders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：“智能”手表的制造商接到這個(gè)訂單是因?yàn)開(kāi)______。通過(guò)題干的內(nèi)容定位到第二段wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.（我們必須指出，向貴公司訂貨的主要原因是貴公司向我們保證交貨速度快，而貴公司現(xiàn)有庫(kù)存充足，足以確保立即裝運(yùn)。），可知D選項(xiàng)“他們聲稱這個(gè)訂單很容易，因?yàn)檫@些手表已經(jīng)有庫(kù)存了”符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“他們生產(chǎn)了世界上這種類型最好的手表”，B選項(xiàng)“這些手表制作起來(lái)很容易，設(shè)計(jì)也已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了”，A，B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章并沒(méi)有提及，所以不正確，C選項(xiàng)“他們承諾他們可以很快生產(chǎn)出足夠的庫(kù)存”，與文中快速交貨的內(nèi)容不符，排除C選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：收到顏色不對(duì)的手表是個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)開(kāi)______。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“color”定位到第三段OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.（我們的香港代理人向我們保證，她曾向你方強(qiáng)調(diào)，必須嚴(yán)格按照我們的指示行事，因?yàn)槲覀冋J(rèn)為目前其他顏色的手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)有限。），說(shuō)明這些手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)小，難賣出去，故B選項(xiàng)“這些手表很難賣出去”正確，A選項(xiàng)“香港代理強(qiáng)調(diào)需要準(zhǔn)確的完成訂單”，文章有提及，但是并不是需要收到準(zhǔn)確顏色手表的原因，故排除，C選項(xiàng)“這些手表將無(wú)法進(jìn)入有限的市場(chǎng)”，和文章表達(dá)的其他顏色的手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)有限有出入，所以不正確。D選項(xiàng)“人們現(xiàn)在不會(huì)買手表”，屬于無(wú)中生有。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：文章第四段的“Thelatterproblem”指的是________。由題干可以定位到文章第四段Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear（我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一種情況是由于生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量差，運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中損壞，還是電池?fù)p壞造成的），所以這里的“Thelatterproblem”指的是手表似乎不工作，與D選項(xiàng)“有些手表似乎不工作”表達(dá)的意思一致，A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較差”，B選項(xiàng)“使用劣質(zhì)的材料”，C選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低”，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是收到產(chǎn)品的問(wèn)題，但并不是latterproblem指代的內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D。

4.推理判斷題。題干：文章第五段的最后一句話“當(dāng)然，我們也不得不……和你們公司”，意味著_________?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌谖宥蔚膬?nèi)容Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.（因此，由于上述問(wèn)題的結(jié)果，我們認(rèn)為最合適的行動(dòng)方案是將任何未付款的被認(rèn)為不令人滿意的貨物退還給你，并從我們的最終結(jié)算中減去任何由此產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。當(dāng)然，我們也不得不重新考慮是否要向貴公司下進(jìn)一步的訂單。），該段明確指出，由于上述問(wèn)題，會(huì)退還一部分的貨物，并且考慮是否要向貴公司下進(jìn)一步的訂單，所以A“該公司可能會(huì)停止與手表制造商的貿(mào)易”正確，B選項(xiàng)“該公司將來(lái)可能會(huì)減少手表的訂購(gòu)數(shù)量”，該公司現(xiàn)在就會(huì)退還一部分貨物，并將來(lái)可能會(huì)終止合作，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確，C選項(xiàng)“作者擔(dān)心他們的公司可能會(huì)很快破產(chǎn)”，文中沒(méi)有提到作者對(duì)于其公司的態(tài)度，排除。D選項(xiàng)“公司可能愿意再給制造商一次機(jī)會(huì)”，沒(méi)有提到愿不愿意給機(jī)會(huì)讓制造商改進(jìn)問(wèn)題，綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干：這封信的目的是______。文章開(kāi)頭就提到，制造商的貨物已經(jīng)收到，明確表達(dá)這封信的目的就是對(duì)于交貨的延遲以及沒(méi)有遵循其明確的指示表示幾點(diǎn)抱怨。第一段是抱怨交貨時(shí)間推遲，第二段是抱怨手表顏色不對(duì)，第三段是抱怨質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。所以整篇文章目的就是向供貨商抱怨手表的問(wèn)題，所以C選項(xiàng)“抱怨關(guān)于手表的一些問(wèn)題”正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入數(shù)碼物件的電子時(shí)代時(shí)，最重要的是要意識(shí)到新技術(shù)已經(jīng)給我們這個(gè)社會(huì)帶來(lái)了很多挑戰(zhàn)，其中之一就是如何在這個(gè)電子時(shí)代保存好歷史檔案記錄。更重要的是我們要知道，我們正在步入這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代：即我們今天所熟知的很多東西以及用電子方式編碼和寫入的很多東西將會(huì)永久丟失。其中一個(gè)例子就是遍布世界各地政府和大學(xué)的很多數(shù)據(jù)集由于技術(shù)的變化而被淘汰了，而且這些數(shù)據(jù)將來(lái)要么丟失，要么需要采取髙昂的“營(yíng)救”措施來(lái)挽救它們。在我看來(lái)，我們正生活在一個(gè)數(shù)碼黑暗時(shí)代。因此，圖書和檔案管理員肩挑的責(zé)任就是要恪守我們這個(gè)時(shí)代崇尚歷史和出版遺產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)。

【答案】Asweentertheelectronicageofdigitalobjects,themostsignificantthingistorecognizethatnewtechnologieshavebroughtmanychallengestooursociety.Oneofthemishowtopreservehistoricalrecordsinthiselectronicage.Moreimportantly,wearemovingintoanerainwhichmuchofwhatweknowtoday,andmuchofwhatisencodedandwrittenelectronically,willbelostforever.Oneexampleisthatmanydatasetsfromgovernmentsanduniversitiesaroundtheworldareobsoletedduetochangesintechnology,andthatdatawilleitherbelostinthefutureorwillrequirecostly“rescue”measurestosaveit.Inmyopinion,wearelivinginadigitaldarkage.Therefore,theresponsibilityoflibrariansandarchivistsistoscrupulouslyabidebythehistoricalandpublishingheritageweupholdinourtime.

7.單選題

Wewantto（）thelatesttechnologyintoschools.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.announce

B.operate

C.introduce

D.cast

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)announce“宣布，述說(shuō)”，announce…to“通知某人，向……宣布”；B選項(xiàng)operate“操作，經(jīng)營(yíng)”；C選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹，引進(jìn)”，introduce…to“向……介紹”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投，拋，計(jì)算”。句意：我們想向?qū)W校推薦最新的技術(shù)。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Allthepartsofthewashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.normalized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.modernized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)normalize“正?；Ｒ?guī)化，規(guī)格化”；B選項(xiàng)standardize“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”；C選項(xiàng)mechanize“使機(jī)械化，機(jī)械化”；D選項(xiàng)modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”，句意：這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)的所有零件都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，所以要更換它們很方便。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Nooneexpectedhimto（）againsthisformeremployer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.testify

C.certify

D.allege

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項(xiàng)testify“證明，證實(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)certify“證明，保證”；D選項(xiàng)allege“宣稱，斷言”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B選項(xiàng)可以和against搭配，testifyagainstsb作不利于某人的證明。句意：沒(méi)人指望他會(huì)指證他的前雇主。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（）useofitsmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；B選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的，專一的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D選項(xiàng)comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的”。句意：俱樂(lè)部?jī)?nèi)的酒吧僅對(duì)會(huì)員開(kāi)放。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

當(dāng)科學(xué)家希望用一種聲音說(shuō)話時(shí)，他們往往會(huì)采用一種非常不科學(xué)的方式：共識(shí)報(bào)告。其理念是：將多個(gè)專家的知識(shí)濃縮為一種能夠解決爭(zhēng)議、幫助制定政策的單一看法，但是達(dá)成這種共識(shí)往往違背這些目標(biāo)，并且會(huì)削弱其本欲凸顯的權(quán)威。專家小組開(kāi)始會(huì)提出許多有價(jià)值的原理和建議。然而，形成專家共識(shí)的討論確實(shí)在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科學(xué)”上的相同之處。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

12.單選題

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanunderstandingofwhatdrivespeople’senvironmentalbehavior,thedreamofalow-carbonsocietywillremainforeveroutofreach.

16.Infaceofclimatechange,mostpeople（）.

17.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmightbethemosteffectivewaytomotivateenvironmentalbehaviors?

18.TheauthorwritesParagraph4to（）.

19.Thephrase“BigBrother”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreat

B.feelunabletotakesuchabigresponsibility

C.endeavortofindoutasolutionwithpsychology

D.takenoenvironmentallyfriendlyaction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Watchingadisasterfilm.

B.Holdingaspeechonclimatechange.

C.Appealingforgreenlights.

D.Publicizinglawnadoption.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.denytheroleofpoliticsandtechnologyinenvironmentalprotection

B.explainhowtodivideresponsibilitiesinenvironmentalprotection

C.showindividuals,politicsandtechnologyareindispensableinenvironmentalprotection

D.displaytheimportanceofhumanbehaviorinenvironmentalprotection

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manipulative

B.troublesome

C.insightful

D.progressive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Behaviorchangeisthemostimportantlinkinenvironmentalprotection.

B.Psychologyisthemissinglinkintheclimatechangedebate.

C.Themotivationofpeople’senvironmentalbehavior.

D.Thepsychologicalwaytochangehumanbehavior.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：面對(duì)氣候變化，大多數(shù)人___________。通過(guò)文章第二段第一句話PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.（心理學(xué)研究表明，大多數(shù)英國(guó)人感覺(jué)不到氣候變化的威脅，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓悄：摹⒊橄蟮?、難以想象的。），可知，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)臨近的危險(xiǎn)熟視無(wú)睹”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“感到不能承擔(dān)如此重大的責(zé)任”，C選項(xiàng)“用心理學(xué)的方法努力找出解決辦法”，D選項(xiàng)“不采取環(huán)保行動(dòng)”在文中均未提及。所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下那個(gè)行動(dòng)可能是激發(fā)環(huán)境保護(hù)行為最有效的方法？通過(guò)第三段首句的內(nèi)容AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto（美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究給人們播放了演員就氣候變化發(fā)表演講的錄音。人們反應(yīng)最好的版本談?wù)摰氖恰翱諝馕廴尽薄倍皇恰皻夂蜃兓薄驗(yàn)槲廴臼撬麄兛梢月?lián)系到的可見(jiàn)的東西），可以推斷，A選項(xiàng)“看災(zāi)難片”，B選項(xiàng)“就氣候變化問(wèn)題發(fā)表演講”，都不可能刺激人們做出環(huán)境保護(hù)的行為。第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample)（要改變習(xí)慣性行為，一個(gè)人必須確定一個(gè)目標(biāo)(例如少開(kāi)車)），說(shuō)明方法必須是具體化而且有目的的，只有D選項(xiàng)“宣傳草坪采用”，具體到了某一事件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：作者寫第4段，是為了_________。第四段的主要內(nèi)容是人們認(rèn)為政治協(xié)議和技術(shù)進(jìn)步在減少溫室氣體排放方面所起的作用比任何個(gè)人都要大。但現(xiàn)實(shí)是如果法律不夠民眾歡迎，政黨不會(huì)通過(guò)。說(shuō)明政治，技術(shù)和環(huán)境自然界限清楚，但是在環(huán)境保護(hù)中缺一不可。所以C選項(xiàng)“表明個(gè)人、政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中是不可或缺的”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“否認(rèn)政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的作用”，作者在第四段并沒(méi)有否認(rèn)政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的重要性，排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“解釋在環(huán)境保護(hù)中如何劃分責(zé)任”，第四段表明，政治、技術(shù)、個(gè)人在環(huán)境保護(hù)中界限清晰，但是并沒(méi)有劃分清楚各自的責(zé)任，所以B選項(xiàng)也不正確。D選項(xiàng)“表明人類行為在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的重要性”，人類行為在環(huán)境保護(hù)中固然重要，但這也離不開(kāi)政治和技術(shù)的支持。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：詞組“BigBrother”(第五段第一行)的意思可能是________。第五段第一句話IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative：millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.（如果從心理上改變生活方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)太老大哥了，那就考慮另一種選擇。數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊花在了從未被使用的技術(shù)上，以及一個(gè)以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)制體系上，這個(gè)體系懲罰窮人，而富人卻繼續(xù)造成污染。），所以這里“BigBrother”指的是獨(dú)裁的方法，因此A選項(xiàng)“操作的，操縱的”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“麻煩的，討厭的”，C選項(xiàng)“有深刻見(jiàn)解的，富有洞察力的”，D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)步的，先進(jìn)的”均不是文章想表達(dá)的意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：以下那個(gè)選項(xiàng)是文章最好的標(biāo)題？文章開(kāi)頭表明，人類對(duì)于氣候改變帶來(lái)的影響沒(méi)有太多的危機(jī)意識(shí)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為氣候變化是模糊的難以想象出來(lái)的。之后展開(kāi)說(shuō)明人們對(duì)習(xí)慣性行為的改變，需要明確目標(biāo)，才能觸發(fā)行為。政府、科技和個(gè)人對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)同等重要。如果不了解是什么驅(qū)使人們做出環(huán)境保護(hù)，那么低碳社會(huì)的夢(mèng)想將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以說(shuō)個(gè)人做出行為改變的動(dòng)機(jī)尤其重要，C選項(xiàng)“人們環(huán)境行為的動(dòng)機(jī)”，可以很好的總結(jié)全文。A選項(xiàng)“行為改變是環(huán)境保護(hù)中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)”，B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)是氣候變化辯論中缺失的一環(huán)。”D選項(xiàng)“改變?nèi)祟愋袨榈男睦韺W(xué)方法。”三個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容及主旨的概括不是那么全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat（）.

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT（）.

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干：“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”，代表著_________。由引號(hào)部分的內(nèi)容，可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas，theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization，perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上，確實(shí)是一個(gè)新時(shí)代的前哨，也許是一種新的文明，也許是一種新的野蠻；在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和鋼鐵，就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬(wàn)便士，平衡到最后的半便士。）。根據(jù)上下文，it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”與“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”進(jìn)行比較。采用了象征的手法，“thinmarblefront”象征著外貌浮華，實(shí)則脆弱，“concreteandsteel”，象征著本質(zhì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，與商業(yè)無(wú)差。所以我們可以得出選項(xiàng)A“奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的風(fēng)格和魅力存在一個(gè)基本的虛偽”和D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館是基于物理基礎(chǔ)和真實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力”，都是在說(shuō)咖啡館的特征，故不符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“建筑師將新舊建筑材料合理地混合在一起”，此處不是在講建筑材料，而是通過(guò)建筑材料引申出更深刻的含義，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下單詞除了______，都是在批判茶館。A選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.（一家已經(jīng)瘋了，變了樣的茶館。巴比倫，一座有萬(wàn)盞燈的白色宮殿），Babylonian用于限定茶館，是一處用典，表示罪惡的、富麗的與critical意義一致，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;（它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上，確實(shí)是一個(gè)新時(shí)代的前哨，也許是一種新的文明，也許是一種新的野蠻），此處barbarism和civilization是對(duì)比關(guān)系，僅表達(dá)中性價(jià)值，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的單詞定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots（在背后的某個(gè)地方，隱藏在萬(wàn)盞燈、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花繚亂的閃閃發(fā)光的茶壺后面），此處體現(xiàn)了鋪張浪費(fèi)，表達(dá)作者的批評(píng)，故排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬(wàn)便士，平衡到最后的半便士。），此處象征著奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義，也是批判的含義，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味著咖啡館的目的是________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后兩句話Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.（比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶館，不僅僅是為了尋找茶點(diǎn)，而是為了尋找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也許他心里知道，人類已經(jīng)征服了半個(gè)已知的世界，掠奪了整個(gè)王國(guó)，卻從未有過(guò)這樣的奢侈。這地方是為他建造的），咖啡館的性質(zhì)是它富麗堂皇，鋪張浪費(fèi)如宮殿，商業(yè)性強(qiáng)。本文全文都是對(duì)他的批判。A選項(xiàng)“以簡(jiǎn)單的方式愉悅?cè)藗儭保Х瑞^并不簡(jiǎn)單，而是奢侈，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確。B選項(xiàng)“利用像他這樣容易上當(dāng)?shù)娜恕保项}目對(duì)咖啡館批判的性質(zhì)，故B選項(xiàng)符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“滿足已經(jīng)存在的需求”，和D選項(xiàng)“為疲憊的年輕人提供放松”，在文中并未提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：以下關(guān)于第二段的陳述，不正確的是？文章第二段提到當(dāng)走到咖啡館內(nèi)部時(shí)，分別從視覺(jué)，嗅覺(jué)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)的方面描述了內(nèi)部的情景，所以A選項(xiàng)“咖啡館同時(shí)吸引了大多數(shù)感官”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館既充滿了人，又充滿了溫暖”，第二段并沒(méi)有提及咖啡館里面有沒(méi)有人，而溫暖也是由于其奢侈的裝修帶來(lái)的視覺(jué)感受，是一種諷刺，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。第二段第三句話Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.（整個(gè)11月，街道上的陰暗、污濁和空氣都立刻被拋在腦后，遺忘了。屋里的氣氛是金黃的、熱帶的，像是糖果店的盛夏時(shí)節(jié)。），可知，C選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部與外面的天氣形成了鮮明的對(duì)比”，正確。通過(guò)第二段整個(gè)的描述，都是在說(shuō)咖啡館內(nèi)部的奢華，故D選項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)了咖啡館老板的商業(yè)決心”，也是正確的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下是作者在第二段所做的類比，除了_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.（它還為許多其他的人建造，像往常一樣，他們都在那里。這似乎是人性的表現(xiàn)。大理石門廳里堆滿了令人眼花繚亂的糖果和蛋糕，擁擠得像火車站一樣。），可知A選項(xiàng)“入口大廳被比作一個(gè)火車站”，是作者做的比較，排除A選項(xiàng)。文章第二段第五句話whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls（一個(gè)年輕的猶太小提琴家?guī)ьI(lǐng)著一支管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)，他有著明亮的眼睛，對(duì)顫音的熱情，像磁鐵一樣吸引著無(wú)數(shù)女孩），可知B選項(xiàng)“管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)被比作一塊磁鐵”，也是作者用的比喻，排除B選項(xiàng)。由文章第二段第四句話theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery（里面的氣氛是金黃色的，充滿了熱帶氣息，像是糖果店的盛夏時(shí)節(jié)），可知D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部被比作溫暖的國(guó)家”，也是作者的比喻，故排除D選項(xiàng)。由第二段第五句話Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor（Turgis對(duì)電梯不屑一顧，他再一次為這一切的景象、聲音和氣味而興奮，爬上寬大的樓梯，一直走到他最喜歡的樓層），可知B選項(xiàng)“Turgis像一名勝利的士兵一樣歡迎電梯的到來(lái)”，不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Hemanagedto（）hiswayintoheraffection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tail

B.worm

C.wolf

D.rocket

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)tail“尾隨，裝上尾巴”；B選項(xiàng)worm“使蠕動(dòng)，使緩慢、曲折前進(jìn)”；wormone’swayinto“隱藏真正的意圖混入某個(gè)地區(qū)或組織，混入，費(fèi)一番功夫打入”，例如：Hemanagetowormhiswayintoherlife.（他設(shè)法騙取信任進(jìn)入了她的生活。）；C選項(xiàng)wolf“大吃，狼吞虎咽地吃”；D選項(xiàng)rocket”迅速增加，飛速移動(dòng)”。句意：他設(shè)法贏得他的喜愛(ài)。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassi