住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.flutter

C.fluctuate

D.flush

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮，茂盛；茁壯成長，處于旺盛時(shí)期；揮舞；炫耀”；B選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng)；（鳥或昆蟲）鼓翼；飛來飛去；（心臟等）怦怦亂跳；（人）奔忙”；C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)；漲落；動(dòng)搖”；D選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅；使發(fā)光；因……興奮；沖洗，沖掉；把……趕出隱藏地；使暴露；綻出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不違背自私基因的基本規(guī)律的情況下，我們可以看到即使在一個(gè)基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁榮發(fā)展的。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

2.單選題

FilmCriticMarkAdamslooksbackoverthelasttenyearsofhisworkasafilmcriticforanewspapercalledTheFrontPageWritingarticlesaboutfilmsforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjoB.BeforethenIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsforothernewspapers,filmsforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.Hehiredme,butTomwasnotprimarilyajournalist,orhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.

Atfirst,hisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn'trequirespecializedknowledge:books,TV,theatre,filmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover,thoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociable.

Itallfeltlikeabitofadreamatthattime:anewnewspaper,andIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.Itseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmepersonally,andwaspretendingtoemployme.Suchwasmylackofself-confidence.Infact,thefirsttimeIsawsomeonereadingthenewspaperontheLondonunderground,thenturningtoapageonwhichoneofmyreviewsappeared,Ididn'tknowwheretolook.

Tom'soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodidea,butwedidn'tgettogetherasplannedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphone.Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.

TheLuxuryofthiswayofworkingsuitsmewell.Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.That'saroutinethatwouldmakemestaleinnotimeatall.IwouldsoonbesinkingintomyseatonaMondaymorningwiththesigh,“WhatinsultingrubbishmustIsitthroughnow?”—astyleofsighthatcanoftenbeheardinscreeningroomsaroundtheworld.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatonfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Aweeklylunchwasarrangedforcriticsto___.

3.WhenMarkstartedworkingforTheFrontPage,he___.

4.Intheend,theorganizationoftheteamwasinfluencedby___.

5.Marktakesthenewwayofworkingas“l(fā)uxury”(paragraph5)because___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HeencouragedMarktobecomeawriter

B.Hehadworkedinvariousareasofthemedia

C.HemetMarkwhenworkingfortelevision

D.Hepreferstoemploypeoplethathemeetssomewhere

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.gettoknoweachother

B.exchangeinformation

C.takeworksfornewcriticism

D.entertainoccasionalvisitors

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.doubtedthepaperwouldsucceed

B.wasembarrassedatbeingrecognized

C.feltitneededimprovement

D.wassurprisedtoearnsomuch

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereaders'preference

B.theavailabilityofwriters

C.thepressureoftime

D.thepopularityofsubjects

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itenableshimtoplayhisrole

B.itenableshimtomakeachoice

C.itenableshimtoseetheworld

D.itenableshimtoseealotoffilms

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字thefirstparagraph可以定位到文章首段“ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.”中文翻譯為：我就是這樣認(rèn)識(shí)了湯姆?西頓(TomSeaton)的，他是《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版的第一位藝術(shù)編輯，同時(shí)也為電視撰稿?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠧項(xiàng)“他在為電視臺(tái)工作時(shí)遇到了馬克”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字Aweeklylunch可以定位到原文第二段“TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover…”中文大意為：每周會(huì)有一次午餐，我們會(huì)從湯姆決定我們應(yīng)該報(bào)道的藝術(shù)材料中做出選擇。因此可知C選項(xiàng)“接受新的評(píng)論工作”正確，符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到原文第三段“Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.”中文翻譯為：一份報(bào)紙似乎不太可能被引入一個(gè)擁擠的市場。判斷A選項(xiàng)“懷疑這份報(bào)紙能否成功”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到原文第四段“Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.”中文翻譯為：結(jié)果也證明，公眾更喜歡把一個(gè)評(píng)論家和一個(gè)單一的主題領(lǐng)域聯(lián)系起來，所以我選擇了電影?？芍x項(xiàng)A“讀者的偏好”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.”中文翻譯為：如果沒有湯姆最初的推動(dòng)，我們很

難達(dá)成現(xiàn)在的安排，我每周寫一篇文章，通常是關(guān)于一部電影。以及最后一段“Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.”中文翻譯為：我不會(huì)對(duì)更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影評(píng)人這個(gè)角色感興趣，這個(gè)角色需要考慮每一部上映的電影。判斷出B選項(xiàng)“這使他能夠做出選擇”符合題意。

3.單選題

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prolong“延長；拖延”；B選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”；C選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)inform“通知；告訴；報(bào)告”。句意：這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)……了窮人自助的意愿，使他們能夠過上自給自足的生活。根據(jù)Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)）可推測這些項(xiàng)目對(duì)……來說是有利的，A選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)含貶義也可排除。D選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awfully

B.indicatively

C.crucially

D.ultimately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)awfully“可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B選項(xiàng)indicatively“指示地，表示地；象征地；陳述地”；C選項(xiàng)crucially“關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地”；D選項(xiàng)ultimately“最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜劇藝術(shù)可以是，而且往往是極度的嚴(yán)肅，在這一點(diǎn)上很難對(duì)它進(jìn)行分類。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

6.單選題

Sometimesithasbeenarguedthattheevolutionwas___andmorerecentlystillithasbeenarguedthatnoevolutionineitherdirectiontookplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheotherhand

B.theotherwayround

C.onthegrounds

D.theotherwayabout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)ontheotherhand“另一方面”；B選項(xiàng)theotherwayround“相反”；C選項(xiàng)onthegrounds“是基于事實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)theotherwayabout“相反地，以相反方式”。句意：有時(shí)人們爭論說進(jìn)化是基于事實(shí)的，而最近人們還爭論說沒有朝任何一個(gè)方向發(fā)生進(jìn)化。結(jié)合句意判斷出C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個(gè)方面，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“福利國家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項(xiàng)“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“真誠地；真正地”，B選項(xiàng)“真正地”，C選項(xiàng)“幾乎”，D選項(xiàng)“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過于絕對(duì)，可排除A、B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。在法國，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動(dòng)。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國家在美國和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會(huì)保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項(xiàng)“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項(xiàng)“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投保”、D選項(xiàng)“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“福利國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對(duì)市場分配資源和收入以使社會(huì)滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因?yàn)樗亲钚碌摹?，理解錯(cuò)誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)?？赏茰y，英國對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對(duì)“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項(xiàng)“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對(duì)私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國際貿(mào)易。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“美國政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sitdown

B.putdown

C.comedown

D.getdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)sitdown“坐下；扎營”；B選項(xiàng)putdown“著陸；羞辱；放下；寫下；付定金；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動(dòng)、叛亂）”；C選項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落；流傳下來；倒塌；落魄，失勢”；D選項(xiàng)getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：我們最好在談生意之前先討論一下形勢。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

9.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對(duì)峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城市化水平的提高,未來的能源消費(fèi)狀況及由此帶來的環(huán)境污染問題日益受到人們的關(guān)注。本文簡要回顧了1980年以來我國能源消費(fèi)狀況并分析了相應(yīng)的環(huán)境問題，對(duì)我國未來能源狀況及可能帶來的環(huán)境影響設(shè)置了3種情景進(jìn)行了預(yù)測和分析，得出我國今后因能源消費(fèi)的SO2，NOx，CO2和煙塵等排放量依然很高，但不同情景的預(yù)測結(jié)果有較大區(qū)別，并提出通過提高能源效率以及加強(qiáng)清潔、可再生能源的開發(fā)利用來解決能源消費(fèi)帶來的環(huán)境問題。

【答案】WiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandtheimprovementofthelevelofurbanization,thefutureenergyconsumptionsituationandtheresultingenvironmentalpollutionproblemsareincreasinglyconcernedbypeople.ThispaperbrieflyreviewstheenergyconsumptionstatusinChinasince1980andanalyzesthecorrespondingenvironmentalproblems,thefutureofourcountryenergysituationandtheenvironmentalimpactofsetupthreekindsofsituationhascarriedontheforecastandanalysis,itisconcludedthatthefutureduetotheenergyconsumptionofSO2,NOxandCO2andsootemissionsisstillhigh,butdifferentscenariospredictedresultshavegreatdifferences,andputforwardbyimprovingenergyefficiency,andstrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofcleanandrenewableenergytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyenergyconsumption.

11.單選題

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)philosophical“哲學(xué)的（等于philosophic）；冷靜的”；B選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項(xiàng)literal“文字的；逐字的；無夸張的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的；有病的；殘疾的”。句意：算命的人擅長說一些模棱兩可的話，比如“你的悲傷會(huì)變的”。根據(jù)句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國夢，是習(xí)近平主席提出的指導(dǎo)思想。他認(rèn)為，這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想，這個(gè)夢想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢的核心目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。具體來說，就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)。只有國家全面科學(xué)發(fā)展，個(gè)人才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。同樣，只有每個(gè)人都充滿激情，中國夢才會(huì)美麗。

13.單選題

Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.drawout

C.lookout

D.workout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B選項(xiàng)drawout“拉長”；C選項(xiàng)lookout“留神，小心”；D選項(xiàng)workout“解決出，算出”。句意：我不知道這些蔬菜怎么了，因?yàn)樗鼈兪墙裉煸缟蟿傉?。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Sometimesthebankmanagerhimselfisaskedto___chequesifhisclerksarenotsureaboutthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.assure

C.certify

D.access

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“相信，信任；把……歸給，歸功于；贊頌”；B選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”；C選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”；D選項(xiàng)access“接近，使用；訪問，存?。娔X文檔）”。句意：有時(shí)，如果銀行經(jīng)理的職員對(duì)支票不確定，就要求他本人證明支票。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resemble“類似”；B選項(xiàng)share“共用”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比；對(duì)照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項(xiàng)differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項(xiàng)“what”以及B選項(xiàng)“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語從句，故排除A，B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，故排除。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumed“假設(shè)；（承擔(dān)）責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)guessed“猜想”；C選項(xiàng)justified“調(diào)整；證明……正當(dāng)”；D選項(xiàng)reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對(duì)動(dòng)物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，可推測此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論，B選項(xiàng)guess指的是毫無根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)animal’s“動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物世界；牲畜”；B選項(xiàng)humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項(xiàng)humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學(xué)科”；D選項(xiàng)human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無二的人類，判斷出此處D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”；B選項(xiàng)ties“結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)joint“關(guān)節(jié)；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項(xiàng)located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項(xiàng)situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項(xiàng)detected“檢測到的”。根據(jù)下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）。可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項(xiàng)Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項(xiàng)Becauseofthis“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開時(shí)，他們會(huì)發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識(shí)別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給，提供；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項(xiàng)“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的，A選項(xiàng)“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Conversely“相反地”；B選項(xiàng)Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項(xiàng)Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項(xiàng)Comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語），可知C項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變，改動(dòng)，修改”；B選項(xiàng)modified“修改；更改”；C選項(xiàng)revised“修改；校訂；復(fù)習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng)，改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項(xiàng)modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項(xiàng)adapted（適應(yīng)，改編）符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Alreadyintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,therehadbeenapowerfulalignmentbetweenruralculturalethicsandchurchteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alliance

B.agreement

C.conflict

D.contradiction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alliance“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；聯(lián)姻”；B選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)議；同意，一致”；C選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突，矛盾；斗爭；爭執(zhí)”；D選項(xiàng)contradiction“矛盾；否認(rèn)；反駁”。句意：早在18和19世紀(jì)，鄉(xiāng)村文化倫理和教會(huì)教義之間就已經(jīng)有了強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)合。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞alignment“結(jié)盟”，得知A為正確答案。

18.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償”；B選項(xiàng)constructwell“構(gòu)造得很好”；C選項(xiàng)manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項(xiàng)terminate“使終止；使結(jié)束；解雇”。句意：在國內(nèi)，他們在農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國工人和戰(zhàn)俘來彌補(bǔ)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞madegood“補(bǔ)償”，得知A為正確答案。

19.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項(xiàng)novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價(jià)的物品”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)controls“控制；控制裝置”；B選項(xiàng)aids“艾滋病”；C選項(xiàng)accumulations“積聚，累積；堆積物”；D選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：食品補(bǔ)貼對(duì)于壓低乳制品和面包的價(jià)格是必要的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語keepingdowntheprice（壓低價(jià)格），得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠；強(qiáng)使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹葉）可推測acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項(xiàng)resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項(xiàng)shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

AirattacksinAfghanistanarefocusedonairportsandtrainingcampstoavoidcivilian______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvement

B.rebellion

C.casualties

D.anguish

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)involvement“參與；牽連；包含；混亂；財(cái)政困難”；B選項(xiàng)rebellion“叛亂；反抗；謀反”；C選項(xiàng)casualties“傷亡；人員傷亡”；D選項(xiàng)anguish“痛苦；苦惱”。句意：阿富汗的空襲主要集中在機(jī)場和訓(xùn)練營，以避免平民的……?？赏茰y為了不使平民受到傷亡，所以阿富汗的空襲主要集中在機(jī)場和訓(xùn)練營。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.releasing

B.discharging

C.founding

D.launching

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.coherent

B.pertinent

C.consistent

D.redundant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discourage

B.forbid

C.persuade

D.damage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.continued

B.indicate

C.remained

D.left

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.incentive

B.premises

C.stimulus

D.proximity

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.convenient

B.strategic

C.near

D.eye-catching

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.propose

B.dissolve

C.handle

D.dispose

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.construction

C.pressure

D.government

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.shoulder

B.burden

C.turn

D.responsibility

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.dissolve

C.minimize

D.dilute

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)release“釋放；放出；放走；放開；松開；使自由移動(dòng)（或飛翔、降落等）；發(fā)泄；宣泄”；B選項(xiàng)discharge“卸貨；排出”；C選項(xiàng)found“創(chuàng)辦（組織）；建立（國家）；以……為基礎(chǔ)；熔化”；D選項(xiàng)launching“發(fā)射；發(fā)動(dòng)；開始從事”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的臟豬運(yùn)動(dòng)”判斷出此處表達(dá)“發(fā)起……運(yùn)動(dòng)”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B選項(xiàng)pertinent“相關(guān)的，相干的；中肯的；切題的”；C選項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的；堅(jiān)持的”；D選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的，過剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長的，累贅的”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐業(yè)”判斷出此處表達(dá)“和……有關(guān)的”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止；使氣餒”；B選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不準(zhǔn)；不允許；〈正式〉嚴(yán)禁”；C選項(xiàng)persuade“說服，勸說；使某人相信；勸某人做（不做）某事”；D選項(xiàng)damage“損害，毀壞”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字litteringbytheircustomers“阻止顧客亂扔垃圾”判斷出此處表達(dá)“阻止”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)continued“繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊，連續(xù)”；B選項(xiàng)indicate“表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征”；C選項(xiàng)remain“保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；殘存”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開”。根據(jù)上文“HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols”，中文翻譯為：他肯定了麥當(dāng)勞所做的努力，包括設(shè)立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡邏。以及空格后“alltooprevalent”，中文翻譯為“太普遍了”判斷出此處C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incentive“動(dòng)機(jī)；刺激；鼓勵(lì)”；B選項(xiàng)premise“前提；經(jīng)營場址；房屋；契約前言”；C選項(xiàng)stimulus“刺激；激勵(lì)；刺激物”；D選項(xiàng)proximity“接近，[數(shù)]鄰近；接近；接近度，距離；親近”。根據(jù)上文“offermoney-offvouchers”，中文翻譯為：提供折價(jià)券，判斷出A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)convenient“方便的；近便的；實(shí)用的”；B選項(xiàng)strategic“戰(zhàn)略上的，戰(zhàn)略的”；C選項(xiàng)near“近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近親的；小氣的”；D選項(xiàng)eye-catching“引人注目的；耀眼的；顯著的”。空格處“putmorebinsat…pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises”，中文大意為：在當(dāng)?shù)亟值郎系摹c(diǎn)（而不僅僅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)propose“建議；打算，計(jì)劃；求婚”；B選項(xiàng)dissolve“溶解；解散；消失”；C選項(xiàng)handle“處理，應(yīng)付（局勢、人、工作或感情）；（用手）觸，拿，搬動(dòng)；控制，操縱（車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等）”；D選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；處置；安排；使傾向于”。根據(jù)上下文，以及固定搭配disposeof“丟掉，清除”可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)way“方法；道路；方向；行業(yè)；習(xí)慣”；B選項(xiàng)construction“建設(shè)；建筑物；解釋；造句”；C選項(xiàng)pressure“壓力；壓迫，[物]壓強(qiáng)”；D選項(xiàng)government“政府；政體；管轄”。underway“進(jìn)行著；航行中”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shoulder“肩，肩膀；肩部”；B選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān)；責(zé)任；船的載貨量”；C選項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎；變化；（損害或有益于別人的）行為，舉動(dòng)，舉止”；D選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”。聯(lián)系下文“andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts”，以及固定搭配takeresponsibilityfor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolve“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；B選項(xiàng)dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“使減到最少；小看，極度輕視”；D選項(xiàng)dilute“稀釋，沖淡；削弱；變稀薄，變淡”。根據(jù)下文“theimpactoflitteroncommunities”可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternative

B.hope

C.resource

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中選一；供替代的選擇”；B選項(xiàng)hope“希望”；C選項(xiàng)resource“資源”；D選項(xiàng)approach“方式”。句意：這個(gè)人要么立即離開這個(gè)國家，要么向敵人投降，結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語leavethecountry（離開這個(gè)國家）以及surrenderhimselftotheenemy（向敵人投降），可推測他是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，由此得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

ThedestructionoftheEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficient

B.improvement

C.prosperity

D.poverty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；B選項(xiàng)