TheEndoftheCivilWarJayWinik第1頁(yè)ReinforcementTextAnalysisTheEndoftheCivilWarB

ackgroundWarmingupUnit10第2頁(yè)Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesUnit10WarmingupTheEndoftheCivilWar第3頁(yè)WarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesHowdidcivilwarsusuallyend?Anyexamples?WhatabouttheLiberationWarinChina?InwhatwayswastheendingoftheAmericanCivilWarunique?Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadethisspecialendingpossible?InwhatwayswassuchanendingsignificanttotheUS?第4頁(yè)P(yáng)leasemakealistofthenamesofpeopleandplacesintheessayandputthemintohistoricalcontext.WasLee’sdecisiontosurrendereasy?Whyorwhynot?WhatwasLincoln’svisionfortheendoftheCivilWar?HowdoyouinterpretLee’sandGrant’sdifferentwaysofattiringattheAppomattoxHouse?AgainstwhatabackgrounddidtheBennettHouseSurrendertakeplace?WhydidtheBennettHouseSurrenderconcludethesamewayastheAppomattoxSurrender?WarmingupQuestions/Activities第5頁(yè)TheUnionWho’swhoandforwhat?AbrahamLincolnUlyssesS.GrantAndrewJohnsonWilliamSewardBillSherman

UnionGeneralCommanderUSPresidentUnionSecretaryofStateUnionGeneralVicePresidentA.Mercy B.Punishment C.NotKnownWarmingupCheck-onPreview第6頁(yè)TheConfederacy

JeffersonDavisRobertLeeMaryLeeJoeJohnstonCommandingGeneral,MoralConscienceoftheSouthConfederatePresidentConfederateGeneralGreat-granddaughterofWashingtonA.SurrenderB.GuerillaWarfareC.NotKnownCheck-onPreviewWarmingupWho’swhoandforwhat?第7頁(yè)ObjectivesUnderstandthestructureoftheessay.UnderstandtheuniquenessoftheendingoftheAmericanCivilWar.ExplainthesignificanceofsuchanendingtoAmerica.Understanddifferenthistoricperspectives.Warmingup第8頁(yè)BackgroundHistoryAuthorTheEndoftheCivilWarUnit10第9頁(yè)JayWinik

SeniorscholarofhistoryandpublicpolicyintheSchoolofPublicAffairs,UniversityofMarylandLeadinghistorianoftheAmericanCivilWarBackgroundAuthor第10頁(yè)ThecombatantsintheCivilWarweretheUnion(northernstates)againsttheConfederacy(southernstates).

TrueorFalse?2.Thiswarhadmanycauses.Whatdothehistoriansbelievetobetheprimary?

A.PoliticalturmoilB.Secession

C.Slaveryissues

D.States’rightsAquizonthecivilwarBackgroundHistory第11頁(yè)TheNorthandtheSouthquarreledintheCongressoverwhetherthenewly-acquiredstatesinthewestshouldbeadmittedintotheunionasfreestatesorslavestates.

TrueorFalse?TheNorthandtheSouthweremuchdifferentinitspeople,customsandwayoflife.TrueorFalse?Neithersidewasreallypreparedforwar.TheNorthhadasmallarmyandtheSouthhadnone.TrueorFalse?Thewarwouldseeabout75,000orphanslosingtheirfathers.Therefore,memoryofthewarhaslastedforgenerations.

TrueorFalse?BackgroundHistory第12頁(yè)Movie&TVProductionsontheCivilWarBackgroundHistory第13頁(yè)DetailedAnalysisStructureThemeTextAnalysisTheEndoftheCivilWarUnit10第14頁(yè)Questionsforthinking

InwhatwayswastheendingoftheAmericanCivilWaruniqueinthehumanhistoryofcivilwars?Accordingtotheauthor,wassuchanendinginevitableornot?Whyorwhynot?Accordingtothetext,whatcontributedtosuchauniqueending?TextAnalysisTheme第15頁(yè)I.Purposeandapproach(paras.1-2)II.TheAppomattoxSurrender(paras.3-15)A.Lee’sdecisiontosurrender(paras.3-5)B.Lincoln’svision(paras.6-8)III.Thefinalsurrender(paras.16-22)TextAnalysisStructureC.TheAppomattoxSurrender(paras.9-15)A.Volatilesituationafterthesurrender(paras.16-19)B.TheBennettHouseSurrender(paras.20-22)第16頁(yè)P(yáng)artI:DiscussionWhatisthecommonconcerninthestudyofwars?Whatistheauthor’sresearchtopic/purpose?Whydoestheauthorchoosesuchatopic?Whatkindofhistoricoutlookdoestheauthorhave?inevitabilityvs.chanceeventsWhatkindofapproachdoestheauthoradopt?Whatshouldbetherightapproachtowardhistory?Whatistheacademicwritinglike?(para.1)researchtopic(what)rationaleforthetopic(why)approach(how)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第17頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(A):DiscussionWhatwasthefatefulchoicefacingRobertLee?WhatwereLee’sconcerns?GoodcitizenswithhonoranddignityRebelswithrageinacontinuedcivilwarvs.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第18頁(yè)Leeraisedthedreadedconceptofsurrender,andhesaid,“Whatwillthecountrythink?”(para.4)AndWiselookedoveratLee,andhesaid,“Country?MyGod,man,youarethecountrytothesemen.”(para.5)DidLeeandWisemeanthesamethingby“thecountry”?

Whyorwhynot?WhatifLeesharedWise’sunderstanding?HowwerethedifferentunderstandingssignificanttotheendingoftheCivilWar?PartII(A):Discussion

TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第19頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(A):Words&ExpressionsbecakedwithThesurfacesofthislivingareaarealwayscakedwithoilstains.Hedidn’tlookalarmedorfrightened,buthisforeheadwascakedwithdirtandblood.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第20頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(B):DiscussionWhatdidLincolnfear?GuerrillawarfareAfinalbloodyArmageddonWhatwasLincoln’svision?NohangingsorbloodyworkButsurrenderwithdignityandgrace→AbrahamLincolnvisitsCityPoint,VATextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第21頁(yè)

“Letthemsurrenderandgohome,theywillnottakeuparmsagain.Letthemallgo,officersandall,letthemhavetheirhorsestoplowwith,and,ifyoulike,theirgunstoshootcrowswith.Treatthemliberally…Isay,givethemthemostliberalandhonorableterms.”

——AbrahamLincoln(CityPoint,Virginia,onboardRiverQueen,March28,1865)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第22頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(B):Words&Expressionsineffect/fact/reality

CityPointwas,ineffect,anarmedcommandpostfortheNorthernArmy….conferwithtomeetanddiscusswith(sb)tomakeadecisionHealwaysconferswithhiscolleaguesbeforereachingadecision.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第23頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(C):DiscussionHowwastheAppomattoxsurrender“farricher”?UncertaintyofLee’sfate:anotherdefeatedgeneral?OutcriesforpunishmentandvengeanceWhatifGrant,whohasareputationas“UnconditionalSurrender,”didnotcarryoutLincoln’svision?ThousandsofmenstandingatraptattentionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第24頁(yè)“Andheshouldhavebeennervousbecause,throughouthistory,asheknewalltoowell,defeatedgeneralsandrevolutionariesandtraitorsweretypicallybeheaded,ortheywerehanged,ortheywereimprisonedor,likeGeneralNapoleon,theywereexiled.”Whowerethesegeneralsandrevolutionaries?Givesomenames!Whyso?→Typically,peoplebelievethattheendingofthewardecideswhoisright!TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII(C):Discussion第25頁(yè)Whatarethetermsforsurrender?TheArmyofNorthernVirginia:paroledSoldiers:takehometheirhorsesormulesOfficers:allowedtokeeptheirsidearms(Leesparedfromthehumiliationofaclassicsurrenderofhissword)

TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII(C):Discussion第26頁(yè)TheAppomattoxSurrenderLee’sandGrant’sdifferentwaysofattiring,deliberateornot?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis→moreinformation第27頁(yè)QuotesfromUlyssesGrant:“Ifeltlikeanythingratherthanrejoicingatthedownfallofafoewhohadfoughtsolongandvaliantly,andhadsufferedsomuchforacause,thoughthatcausewas,Ibelieve,oneoftheworstforwhichapeopleeverfought,andoneforwhichtherewastheleastexcuse.

Idonotquestion,however,thesincerityofthegreatmassofthosewhowereopposedtous.”

“Thewarisover.Therebelsareourcountrymenagain,andthebestsightofrejoicingafterthevictorywillbetoabstainfromalldemonstrations.”

TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第28頁(yè)“Boys,IhavedonethebestIcouldforyou.Gohomenow.Andifyoumakeasgoodcitizensasyouhavesoldiers,youwilldowell.Ishallalwaysbeproudofyou.Goodbye.AndGodblessyouall.”Fromthecrowdcamealoudcry.“Farewell,GeneralLee!IwishforyoursakeandminethateverydamnedYankeeonearthwassunktenmilesinhell!”

TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisQuotesfromGeneralLee:第29頁(yè)P(yáng)artII(C):Words&Expressionsathandcloseindistanceortimedefylogic;defytheoddstogoagainststh;nottohappenaccordingtotheprinciplesThecompany’sexplanationfortheaccidentdefieslogic.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisstraightenuptelescopethrongdigressripapartwantapieceofsthforgeReview

第30頁(yè)P(yáng)artIII(A):VolatilesituationafterAppomattoxConfederatearmiesstillfightinginthefieldCommanderDateofSurrenderTennesseeJosephE.JohnstonApril18,1865Alabama&MississippiRichardTaylorMay4,1865ArkansasM.JeffThompsonMay12,1865Louisiana&TexasE.KirbySmithMay26,1865IndianTerritoryStandWatieJune28,1865TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第31頁(yè)JeffersonDaviscallingforguerrillawarfareSenatorPresidentoftheConfederacyAdvocateofguerrillawarfareCapturedandimprisonedonMay10,1865FailedbusinessmanAuthor:TheRiseandFalloftheConfederateGovernmentTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第32頁(yè)MaryLee’surgeforcontinuedfightingRobertLee’swifeGreat-granddaughterofMarthaWashington→WhatmighttheConfederacymeantoMaryLeeandtomanyotherconfederates?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第33頁(yè)AssassinationofLincoln—decapitation!

April14,1865,Ford’sTheatreinWashington,D.C.Assassin:JohnWilkesBoothPartofalargerconspiracyforcontinuedfightingTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第34頁(yè)Uniongovernmentincrisis

Whatwasthecrisis?Presidentassassinated

Vice-presidentincapableandunpopularTemptationsforregency,cabinetgovernmentandmilitarycoupGeneralssuspectedandlaterwarned→ThetransitionmechanismTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第35頁(yè)AndrewJohnson,thebuffoonSoutherner,borninNorthCarolina17thPresidentoftheUS(1865-1869)ConciliatorypoliciestowardstheSouthVetoesofcivilrightsbillsNoclearpartyidentity—thebuffoonThefirstUSPresidenttoundergoanimpeachmenttrialTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第36頁(yè)BillSherman,theconspirator?No.2intheUnionArmy,afterGrantNervousbreakdownduringtheCivilWar“Createhavocanddestructionofallresourcesthatwouldbebeneficialtotheenemy.”DisreputeintheWestwardMomentTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第37頁(yè)Thetransitionmechanismestablishedbythefounders(FoundingFathers)PresidentVice-PresidentHouseSpeakerActingSenateSpeakerSecretaryofStateSecretaryofTreasurySection1,ArticleII,theConstitutionAmendmentXXAmendmentXXVTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis第38頁(yè)P(yáng)artIII(A):Words&Expressionsbehindsthresponsibleforsth;thecauseofsth

What’sbehindhisovernightsuccess?He’soneofthepeoplebehindtherapiddevelopmentincomputerscience.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisReview

forthatmattersurrenderbedescendedfromgripvolatileunseatfigureunderwayintendforsbtodowriteoff第39頁(yè)P(yáng)artIII(B):DiscussionHowdidShermanbehavedifferentlyinhandlingtheBennettHouseSurrender?Howtoaccountforthechange?HowdidSherman