名詞性從句第1頁

名詞性從句nounclause

主語從句subjectclause

賓語從句objectclause

表語從句predicativeclause

同位語從句appositiveclause第2頁區(qū)分以下名詞性從句類別：1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.6.Itisimpossible

thatIgoandattendthemeeting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句賓語從句主語從句第3頁That/wh-clause+v+…主語從句S+be/link.v+that/wh-clause表語從句S+vt+that/wh-clause賓語從句S+vi+prep+wh-clause賓語從句

第4頁名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that,whether,if連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why1。that只起連接主句和從句作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成份，本身也沒有詞義，賓語從句中可省略2。不充當(dāng)介賓3。引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,that不可省略。4.thatwhether,if,asif,asthough（以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成份

第5頁

一．主語從句

主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主語

It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句連接詞沒有改變。比如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

第6頁1.It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessary/

important/obvious

that…2.It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntousallthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……3.It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇是…Itisafactthat……事實是……4.It+不及物動詞＋that從句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….恰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……第7頁另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，慣用句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…

第8頁what引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份，如主語．賓語．表語，而that則不然。比如：1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時區(qū)分第9頁主語從句中“主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由表語單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.3.注意isareis第10頁1_________intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount..(上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.Whatrequires

CItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how

Exercises第11頁

賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.賓語從句(作動詞賓語)(作介詞賓語)(作形容詞賓語)第12頁注意1：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、提議、決定等意義動詞后，賓語從句慣用“（should）+動詞原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。第13頁2.用whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其主語和謂語次序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳說句語序。另外，whether與if在作“是否”意思講時在以下情況下普通只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“ornot”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。

第14頁Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?第15頁3.賓語從句中“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”

若主句謂語動詞為think,

consider,

suppose,

believe,

expect,

fancy,

guess,

imagine等，其后賓語從句若含有否定意義，普通要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用必定式。比如：

Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已經(jīng)完成了工作)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會來這里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished注意第16頁4.賓語從句中用it作形式賓語Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：假如主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，普通用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。我發(fā)覺他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.第17頁Exercises:“it”作形式主語或形式賓語：1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．if

D．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.we B.yourself C.it D.them

ABBC第18頁三．表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，普通結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。能夠接表語從句連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，慣用還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。比如：1)Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis____wecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains___wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason______heislateforschoolis____hemissedtheearlybus.whether/howwhythatwhythat第19頁四．同位語從句1.同位語從句功效同位語從句對于名詞深入解釋，說明名詞詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，普通由that引導(dǎo)，比如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞同位語名詞性從句。2.同位語在句子中位置同位語從句有時能夠不緊跟在它所說明名詞后面，而是被別詞隔開。比如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

第20頁同位語從句和定語從句區(qū)分：that作為關(guān)系代詞，能夠引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成份，在從句中作賓語時能夠省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，普通不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，能夠省略）

第21頁Exercises1.Doris’successliesinthefact________sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why2.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(遼寧)A.thatB.whatc.asD.which3.Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(上海)A.thatB.whichc.ofwhichD.what4.Informationhasbeenputforward_______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as第22頁(1)Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitisBCI.語序問題考點(diǎn)歸納D歸納

在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用________語序。陳說第23頁II.用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyouwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面賓語從句只能用________，不能用if；b.后面緊跟ornot時,用___________.歸納whetherwhether第24頁III.that

與whether/if選擇：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.that B.either C.whether D.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?DCwhether/ifthatthat表示是否時用__________,表示必定時用_______歸納whether/ifthat第25頁1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，沒有詞義_______起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，表示“所……”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納Ⅳ.that，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句區(qū)分第26頁Ⅴ.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句區(qū)分1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個定語從句，而____________________等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho,what第27頁1.It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.which B.that C.whatever D.allwhat2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.which B.that C.whateverD.allwhat3._____kills,sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds,istoblame.Anyone B.Anyonewho C.Thosewho D.ThoseBCCExercises第28頁Ⅵ.名詞性從句中虛擬語氣：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

表示提議,請求,命令,要求,堅持等名詞性從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.歸納第29頁2.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇,不相信,惋惜,理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(should)+do,慣用句型有1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)……that……2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc,)……that……e.g.Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.第30頁試區(qū)分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.假如是定語從句，它從句必定是不完整，關(guān)系詞必定在句中充當(dāng)成份；而同位語從句中that只起連接作用。2.定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)拓展第31頁高考再現(xiàn)1.(NMET1995)

isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.(NMET1996)

wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan

wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what3.(NMET春)Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter

itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.(NMET1997)It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild

heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever5.(NMET1999)–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat

youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereDADBA第32頁第33頁1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseCCDConsolidation:第34頁4.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.thatDAB第35頁7.Ihave