英語學(xué)習(xí)講義英語學(xué)習(xí)講義好好努力夢想終會實(shí)現(xiàn) 好好努力夢想終會實(shí)現(xiàn) 四、文章出處或讀者對象題（2019全國m,D）Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0—25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined —oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"DrLivingstonesays."Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。""哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院科學(xué)家 MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：猴子能算算術(shù)，且它們對大數(shù)值的關(guān)注勝過小數(shù)值。Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句 "AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0 —25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.Bywatchingvideos.Bymixingtwodrinks.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句 "Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers —17inthis'exOmpe案為B。WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，研究人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測試后發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子多半時(shí)候會選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。故選 AoInwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Science.答案D解析 文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文講述了科學(xué)家們通過科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出猴子能夠算算術(shù)的結(jié)論。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版上。故選D。一、題型解讀幾乎所有話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。設(shè)問形式常有：⑴Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin.(2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof.(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?(4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor.(5)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?二、解題技巧一一內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷.利用內(nèi)容判斷文章出處⑴文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱一 newspaper(2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品一advertisement(3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語一website(4)旅游勝地方面的介紹一travelguide(5)時(shí)尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹— magazine/journal/entertainmentsection(6)科普知識-sciencereport⑺文化教育類文章一educationsection.利用內(nèi)容判斷文章類別⑴旅游景點(diǎn)方面的介紹： travelguide(2)新產(chǎn)品/新書/新影片/演出介紹：advertisement(3)活動介紹：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱： news(5)科普知識/研究介紹：sciencereport/studyreport.確定讀者對象先確定文章主題，再根據(jù)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)判斷讀者對象。例如：【真題感悟】中第35題，通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家 MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故選D項(xiàng)。A（2019湖北十堰模擬）Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld."Nomophobia"（無手機(jī)恐懼癥）8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek,researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore,shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones,wordssuchas"hurt"（neckpainwasoftenreported）and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandget2attachedtothedevices,"saidDrKimKiJoon."Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones."Meanwhile,anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety?ProfessorMarkGriffiths,psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity,saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4countsHhesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout).“WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives,"saysGriffiths."Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”11-Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory,wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives,isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenager/,itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan'tseewhat'shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram,theybecomepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat'sgoingonsocially."Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere'snoInternet,"saysGriffiths.語篇解讀~~本文為說明文。當(dāng)今社會的許多人成了手機(jī)控，只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥，會感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。 這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?A.Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.B.Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers.Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句，第二段中的"usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知，現(xiàn)在的手機(jī)已成為許多人生活的一部分了，分析選項(xiàng)可知 B項(xiàng)符合題意。AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause.weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusB.weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationweworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingwefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的 "...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout).”可知，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們害怕錯過朋友們發(fā)的東西，擔(dān)心不知道朋友在做什么，分析選項(xiàng)可知 C項(xiàng)正確。Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A.Inaresearchreport.B.Inafashionbrochure.C.Inasciencetextbook.D.Inapopularsciencemagazine.答案D解析文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當(dāng)今社會的許多人已成為手機(jī)控及他們成為手機(jī)控的原因。有的人只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥，感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系，這是因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)是人們存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項(xiàng)。B(2019山東臨沂質(zhì)檢)Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips,yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.VaticanMuseums:VaticanCityTheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear,andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosinga3skip-the-linetour."Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter,butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance/'ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel?Yes!BambooForest:Kyoto,JapanBambooForestisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou're10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness,KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible .mdfthonk7aeupforit.Don'tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan.ChichenItza:YucatapMexicoHometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors,ChichenItzaisamust-see.Wanttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide,it'sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists.LouvreMuseum:Paris,FranceTheLouvreisoneofthemostpopularmuseumsontheplanet.121fwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn'tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis,consider‘purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9：45pmonWednesdaysandFridays,ifyou'reupforsomelate-nightartvisits.語篇解讀本文是一則廣告。文章介紹了四個旅游景點(diǎn)，提供給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson?A.Queuingforfourhours.B.Jumpingthewaitingline.Takingaskip-the-linetour.VisitingtheSistineChapel.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VaticanMuseums:VaticanCity的第——、二句"TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear,andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosingaskip-the-linetour.”可知答案為C。Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush?A.VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest.B.ChichenItzaandBambooForest.C.BambooForestandLouvreMuseum.D.ChichenItzaandLouvreMuseum.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)BambooForest:Kyoto,Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible"和ChichenItza:YucatapMexico中的“Wanttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。Whomightthispassagebeintendedfor?A.Visitorsinterestedinmuseums.B.Guidesatthetouristattractions.Peopleattheticketcounter.Touriststobeattherush.答案D解析 讀者對象題。根據(jù)第一段"Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips,yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知，這篇文章可能是寫給 “為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。故選D。I.障礙詞匯突破（一）閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思Insomelessdevelopedareas,peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare使用Thoughfarawayfromherhome,sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskip_breakfast,themostimportantmealoftheday?跳過，不做（二）同義詞語替換Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifferenceShehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship,heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.seeTabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee-booksordigital（數(shù)字的）versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallinoneveryportableplace.buyAdoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked（三）一詞多義affectv.影響；使感動；使感染Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動（2）Withofficialaid,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響(3)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染separateadj.單獨(dú)的，分開的 v.分離；區(qū)分；隔開⑴EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開(2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分(3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨(dú)的，分開的(4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分離longadj.長的；長期的 adv長期地；長久地 v.渴望(1)Itdidn'ttake10ngtorepairthetable.adv.長期地(2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望(3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長期的n.長難句理解Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory,wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives,isasmallpartofnomophobia.［句式分析］本句是主從復(fù)合句，主句的謂語動詞是thinks,后面的attachmenttheoryis...asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語從句。在該賓語從句中， where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞theory;because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, 其中的holds表示“持有”。［精美譯文］ 格里菲斯認(rèn)為.依戀理論是無手機(jī)恐懼癥的一小部分。根據(jù)依戀理論.我們對手機(jī)產(chǎn)生情感依賴，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)掌握著我們生活的細(xì)節(jié)。Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn'tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis,considerpurchasingareservedticket.［句式分析］本句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句.主句是一個祈使句。在該if從句中，waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語，所以謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)娶式。［精美譯文］ 如果在巴黎逗留時(shí)，你不喜歡排隊(duì)等候進(jìn)入，那就考慮提前訂票。強(qiáng)化練(十五)I.閱讀理解A(2019?河南六市一模)Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there'salwaystheriskyou'llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoJaguarLandRover'slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity（濕度）andlightsensors（傳感器）tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly,windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic（電致變色的）glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere'snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，它的天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)通過傳感器來預(yù)測天氣變化并對車輛自身進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。HowwillJaguarLandRover'slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.B.Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)可以讓車輛像移動的天氣預(yù)報(bào)站一樣，幫助車輛預(yù)測天氣變化并調(diào)整車身以適應(yīng)變化， 從而造福駕駛員。故C選項(xiàng)正確。Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?Itcanhelpadjusttheinsidetemperature.B.Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句"Similarly,windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic（電致變色的）glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.“可知，采用新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故D選項(xiàng)正確。Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A.Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.B.Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.Itcan'tpredicttheweatheraccurately.Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句 "Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)使得無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故D選項(xiàng)正確。Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Abookreview.B.Asciencereport.C.Asciencefictionstory.D.Atravelbrochure.答案B解析文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù)，因此本文應(yīng)該出自一份科學(xué)報(bào)道。故B選項(xiàng)正確。B（2019遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體一模）DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts?Russialocksanall-femalecrewinspacesimulator（太空模擬器）foreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall-femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback."It'sinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicatessaidSergeiPonomaryov,theexperiment'sleader."Itwillbeparticularlyinterestingintermsofpsychology,"saidtheinstitute'sdirectorIgorUshakov."I'dliketowishyoualackofconflicts,eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen,twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether,”headded.Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers,adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates（模仿）aflighttotheMoonandback,withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace,ValentinaTereshkova,,in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear,itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace,YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation,pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning.Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays."Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup,"saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect:"Wearedoingwork.Whenyou'redoingyourwork,youdon'tthinkaboutmenandwomen."Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms,readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict.語篇解讀本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的實(shí)驗(yàn)。Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageonawebsite?A.Education. B.Entertainment.C.Science. D.Economy.答案C解析文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章涉及太空實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題，所以可推知，從網(wǎng)站的“科學(xué)”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選CoWhat'sthepurposeoftheexperiment?A.Toshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen.B.Totestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts.Togatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace.Tomeasurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知，本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的在于驗(yàn)證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選BoWhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid?Womencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall.B.Theremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts.Thefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway.Beinginthesamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知， IgorUshakov提到有些人說在一個廚房里兩個家庭主婦都無法很好相處，那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的情況下可能會偶爾沖突。而且關(guān)鍵信息句 "I'dliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達(dá)出了IgorUshakov對女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預(yù)估。故選BoWhichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace?SergeiPonomaryov.DaryaKomissarova.C.AnnaKussmaul.D.ValentinaTereshkova.答案D解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句 "Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace,ValentinaTereshkova,in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知，ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。C（2018浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五 ）Evenbeforewewereborn,weknewourmother'svoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.That'soneofthekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb（子宮）,ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition."Beforebirth,thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage,“saysBarbaraKisilevsky,whoconductedtheresearch.Ithadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmother'svoice,butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina,becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork.WorkingwithresearchersatZhejiangUniversity,Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape-recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses（胎兒）heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother,butnottheirown.Inbothcases,thepoemcausedachangeinthebaby'sheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmother;svoice,anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmother's.Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism（機(jī)制）”,Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown,shesays,becausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.Thefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcases—upforMom,downforsomeoneelse—showshefetusesanoticedbothvoices”,shesays,andcouldtellonefromtheother.Bytheway,thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbeenreadingaphonebook."It'snotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized,"shesays."Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes,takebreathsatdifferenttimes,andthat'swhattheyarerecognizing.”語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對聲音的識別的研究。9.Whatledtothechangeinfetuses'heartrateacccordingtotheresearch?A.Theirfamiliaritywiththevoice.Thequalityoftherecordings.Theircuriosityabouteverything.Thecontentofthepoemrecorded.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，胎兒在聽到不熟悉的聲音時(shí)，它們的心跳會減慢，因?yàn)樗鼈儼迅嗟淖⒁饬Ψ旁诹怂鼈儾荒茏R別的這個聲音上。 由此可知，在研究中,胎兒對聲音的熟悉度的不同導(dǎo)致了它們心率的變化。故選AoWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Adultstalkinawayquitedifferentfrombabies.B.Kisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable.Speechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices.Differentexperimentalm