UNIT1Althoughtheymaynotbetheworld'sfastestorstrongestathletes,the1,830competitorsinthe2005SpecialOlympicsWorldWinterGamesheldinNagano,Japan,competedwithalltheirhearts.AttheclosingceremonyPrincessTakamadoofJapanmadeaspeech.Shesaid,叮hepastweekwasallaboutsmiles,gentlenessandpeace.Itrulyhopewithinmyheartthattheentireworldcanlearnsomethinghere.Wecanalllearnfromtheexamplesthesespecialathleteshaveshownus."TheaimoftheSpecialOlympicsisclear.Itistoencourageindividualswithintellectualdisabilitiestobecomephysicallyfit.Theyarealsoencouragedtobeproductiveandrespectedmembersofsocietythroughsportstrainingandcompetition.Ifanathletewinsincompetition,itisabonus.However,inawayeveryonewins.LilyKuhn,12,askierwithTeamUSA,couldhardlyrestrainherenthusiasmasshewrotehome.Shetoldherparents:Iwasproudofmyself.Iamhappynotsimplyforwinning,butforwinninghonestly,lovingtocompeteandworkingthehardestforthelongesttime.Thefestivalendingthegamesissomethingtoremember.Itisn'tcompletewithoutthehugs（擁抱）.Oneeventvolunteer,whilehuggingandhandingoutsweatshirtstosomeoftheathletes,helduphisthumbsandsaid,"Alloftheseathletesaresuper!Ican'tgoanywherearoundherewithoutgettingahug.Iprayformoreofthissortofthing.1hopethatthespiritwithwhichtheyhavecompetedmighttouchthewholeworld.Watchingtheseyoungpeopleblossomoverthepastweekhastrulytouchedmylife.Attheendofthefestival,thevicemayorforthecityofShanghai,whichwillhostthe2007summergames,acceptedtheflagfortheSpecialOlympicspledgingthatthecityofShanghaiwouldopenitsarmstotheworldandtotheSpecialOlympics.Unit2JimFixxhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoonreapedthebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbook,TheCompleteBookofRunning,waspublished.Hisbookinspiredmillionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows,heextolled（贊美）thebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowitconsiderablyincreasedtheaveragepeople'slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixxdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswasevidencethatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupportersrevealedthattherealcauseofFixx'sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfathersufferedaheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFixx'sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,mayarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,acknowledgesheartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.Theimpactcanbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,particularlyiftheyrunmarathons（馬拉松）.However,thenewsfbrrunnersisn'tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.Dr.DaleMacdonald,acertifiedStrengthandConditioningspecialistoncesummedupadiscussionbysaying,Aswithallathleticendeavors,runningcomeswithbothgreatrewardandinherentrisk.Morethat60%ofrunnerswillsufferaninjurythatcausesthemtotaketimeoffrunning-eachyear!Healsosaidthatimprovingone'sbalancecanreducethelikelihoodofinjury.Unit3Hydewasfoundedin1996toprovideeducationbasedoncharacterdevelopmentratherthanacademicachievement.Itisaplacewherewell-to-dofamiliescansendtheirchildrenwhohavedifficultlyinothereducationalenvironments.Manystudentsaretherebecausetheirparentsbelieveintheeducationaltheoryofcharacterbeforeperformance.AlthoughHydeistypicallycategorizedasacollegepreparatoryschool,theschool,theschoolregardsitsprimarypurposeaspreparationforlife.Hydehelpsstudentslearn,embrace,andadoptacharactercompassthatwillguidethemfbrtherestoftheirlives.Emphasisisplacedonperformingartsandsports.Hydebelievesthatoneneedstoexposethemselvestogroupandcommunityinteractionsaspartofthegrowthprocess.Competitivesportsareplayedyearroundandhaveledtomanychampionships.Therearetypicalhighschoolclassesandacademics.ManyAdvancedPlacementcourseareavailableandencouragedMoststudentsareacceptedtofour-yearcollegesanduniversities.ThereareGroupDiscoverysessionsseveraltimesperweek.Studentsareencouragedtocounseleachotherwhentheythinkanotherstudent'sactionsorthoughtsdonotcorrespondtotheschool'sphilosophy.Thesesessionsfocusontheindividualstudentsandtheircurrentissuesandproblemsfacedattheschool.Studentsareencouragedtoshareintimatesecrets,doubtsandregrets,doubtsandregretsaboutthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thesesessionsareextendedtoparents.ThepurposeofthesesessionsistoinvolvethewholefamilyintotheHydecommunitysocialstructure.Truthisemphasizedoverhannony.Studentswhohavedifficultywithfollowingtheschoolrulesareassignedtoperformmaintenancejobsandlawncarefortheschool.Thepracticeisnotsolelypunitive（懲罰性的）butalsoservestoillustratethatthetransgressor（違規(guī)者）hasseparatedhim/herselffromthecommunitybytheiractions.Theideabehinditistoearnacceptancebythegroup,andworkbackintothetrustofthecommunity.Unit4WhenHenryFordannouncedhewasgoingtoproduceanautomobilethatwouldbeaffordabletothegeneralpopulation,heprobablydidnotrealizewhatagreatimpacthisachievementwouldhaveonlifeintheUnitedStatesand,eventually,theworld.Ford'suseofmassproductionstrategiestomanufacturetheModelTstartedanewerainpersonaltransportation.Asaresult,roadswerebuiltforthesakeofcarsandthegreatermobilityofpeople.Withcarsandtheroads,havingabusinessofone'sownbecamealotmorefeasible.EverytypeofbusinesssprungupCustomerscouldeasilygettothestoresnomatterwheretheywereintown,providedtherewasaroad,sobusinessesnolongerhadtobelocatedatatown'scenter.Andwhataboutthefamilyvacation?Familiespackedintotheircarsanddroveacrossthecountrytoexplorethenewfrontier,stoppingateverypossibleroadsideattractionontheway.Therewasnolimittowhereyoucouldgoandwhatyoucouldsee.Thecarofferedasenseofindependenceand,asAmericansparticularlyhatedtoberestricted,theyfellinlovewiththeautomobileinstantly.Onaverage,eachAmericanshouseholdownstwoormorecars.Astheworldgetsmorecomplicated,drivingcarsaroundhelpspeoplecopewiththedemandsofmodernlife.IfyouaskpeoplewhatqualitiesdefineAmericans,theywillprobablysaythatthetwodominatingcharacteristicsofanAmericanareinventivenessandindependence.Americaistrulythelandofcarsandcarculture.Unit5Agingisanaturalprocess.Althoughmedicaladvancementshavecomeupwithwaystocoversignsofaging,thereisnostoppingtheprocess.Duringtheclosingperiodinthelifespanofhumanbeing,peopletendto“moveaway“frommoredesirablepreviousperiods,oftenknownas"usefulness".Agesixtyisusuallyconsideredthecombininglinebetweenmiddleandoldage.Itisthetimewhereyouareconsideredan"elderly",meaningsomewhatoldoradvancedbeyondmiddleage.Periodofdeclinecomespartlyfromphysicalandpartlypsychologicalfactors.Thephysicalcauseofdeclineisachangeinthebodycellsduetotheeffectsoftheagingprocess.Thepsychologicalcauseofdeclinehassomethingtodowithunfavorableattitudestowardoneself,otherpeople,workandlifeingeneral.Senility（衰老），amoreorlesscompletephysicalbreakdown,willtakeplacewhenthereismentaldisorganization.Theindividualbecomescareless,absent-minded,sociallywithdrawn,andpoorlyadjusted.Duetotheunfavorablesocialattitudestowardtheelderly,treatmenttowardtheninAmerica,unlikeothercultures,makesthemfeelnolongerusefulandunwanted.Peoplewhocomefromcountrieswhererespectfortheelderlyiscustomaryusuallytreatelderpeoplewithmoreconsiderationandrespect.Infact,oldpeopleareatreasureofexperiencetosociety.Itisexpectedthatoldpeoplewillplaya（n）increasinglyactiveroleandcommunityaffairsaswellasinthebusinessandprofessionalworlds.Becauseofthereductioninthenumberofrolestheelderlyareabletoplay,itisverylikelythattheywilldevelopafeelingofinferiorityItisourdutytomakethembetterrealizetheirvalueandhelpthemleadalifeofcomfort.Unit6EarthquakeshaveplaguedourlivesforaslongaspeoplehaveinhabitedtheEarth.ThesedangerousactsoftheEarthhaveresultedingreatdamagetohumanbeings.Earthquakesdamagedependsonwhatareaishit.Ifanunpopulatedregionisstruck,therewillbelowlossoflifeorproperty.Ifithitsalargecitywhichisdenselypopulated,theremaybeseriousinjuriesanddestruction.Earthquakeshavethepowertouproottreesandsendthemcrashingintobuildings.Theycantriggerlandslidesandcausefloodingandtsunamis.Buildingsandstructuresarealsoatrisk.Itisinterestingtonotethattallbuildingswillsuffertheleastdamageiftheyarelocateddirectlyattheepicenter（震中）.Thisisbecausetheycanwithstandtheup-and-downmotionofP-waves.S-waves,ontheotherhand,occurfarawayfromtheepicenter,andcausethegreateststressbyshakingbuildingsfromsidetoside.Thesebuildingsareoftenknockedofftheirfoundations.Buildingswiththick,heavywallsdonotresistshockwavesverywell.Violentearthquakesoftencausestructurestocollapse,buryingpeopleunderneath.Brickbuildingsaremostvulnerable.Theshakingoftheearthissometimesnotthegreatestdisaster.Itisinthesubsequentfiresandfloodsthatoftenthegreatestdamageoccurs.Predictinganearthquakeuntilnowhasalmostbeentechnologicallyimpossible.Withimprovementsintechnology,liveshavebeensavedandmanymorewill.Allthatremainsistoresearchwhattakesplacebefore,during,andafteranearthquake.Thishasbeendoneforyearstothepointthatasuccessfulearthquakepredictionistheoreticallypossible.However,accuratepredictionofearthquakemaytakemoreyears..無論你是多么富有經(jīng)驗的演說家,無論你做了多么充分的準(zhǔn)備,你都很難在這樣嘈雜招待會上發(fā)表演講。Nomatterhowexperiencedaspeakeryouare,andhowwellyouhavepreparedyourspeech,youwillhavedifficultymakingaspeechatsuchanoisyreception..就像吉米妹妹的朋友都關(guān)心吉米一樣,吉米也關(guān)心他們。Justasallhissister'sfriendscaredabouthim,Jimmycaredaboutthem..汽車的生產(chǎn)商在新車的幾處都印有汽車識別號碼,以便幫助找回被盜車輛Carmanufacturersstampavehicleidentificationnumberatseveralplacesonnewcarstohelptrackdownstolenvehicles..老師冋來時你敢看我狀的話,我就不再和你說話了IfyoudaretellonmewhentheteachergetsbackIwon'tsayawordtoyouanymore..有些老年人愿意獨自過日子,但大多數(shù)老人選擇和兒女ー起生活Someelderlypeopleprefertoliveontheirownwhilethegreatmajoritychoosetolivewiththeirchildren..現(xiàn)在需要面對的事情是:如何籌集創(chuàng)建公司所需的資金Hereissomethingthatneedstobereckonedwith:howtogetthenecessaryfinancestoestablishthecompany..被告是位年僅30歲的女子,她堅持稱自己無罪Thedefendant,awomanofonly30,keptinsistingonherowninnocence..總體來看,棗、豆類以及ー些多葉的綠色蔬菜是最好的鐵質(zhì)來源Alltingsconsidered,dates,beansandsomeleafygreenvegetablesarethebestsourcesofiron..正餐時不供應(yīng)飲料，飲料會影響消化Nobeveragesareservedwithmealsbecausetheyinterferewithdigestion..考慮到那個地方受歡迎的程度,提前訂旅館是明智的Takingthepopularityoftheregionintoconsideration,itisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance..服藥后若有嘔吐感,請立即停止服用并盡快咨詢醫(yī)生Ifyouhaveafeelingofwantingtothrowupaftertakingthisdrug,stoptakingitimmediatelyandconsultyourdoctorsassoonaspossible..總結(jié)這次討論時，他說雙方都要好好考慮怎樣以最有效的方法來解決這ー問題Summingupthediscussion,hesaidbothpartiesshouldconsiderthemosteffectivewaytosolvetheproblem..在思維方面,與他的行為ー樣,他是非常傳統(tǒng)的Inhisthinking,asinhisbehavior,heisverytraditional..教師一旦同意接受新的教學(xué)計劃。他們就得面對新計劃所帶為他們的壓カOncetheteachersagreetoacceptthenewteachingprogram,theyhavetofacethestrainitputsonthem..從長遠(yuǎn)看,大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)深造而不是直接參加工作是值得的Inthelongrun,itisworthwhiletopursueone'sstudyaftergraduatingfromuniversityinsteadofgoingtoworkdirectly..由于這所學(xué)校的辦學(xué)宗旨是品德第一，所以道德觀和學(xué)習(xí)成績受到同樣的重視AstheschooloperatesontheCharacterFirstprinciple,moralvaluesandacademicachievementsarestressedequally..據(jù)說,原定于這個月召開的會議將推遲到下個月召開Itissaidthatthemeeting,whichisscheduledtobeheldthismonth,willbeputofftillnextmonth..這所學(xué)校把為學(xué)生做好人生準(zhǔn)備當(dāng)作其職責(zé),辦法是倡導(dǎo)一整套能使所有學(xué)生受益的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Theschoolseesitsjobaspreparingitsstudentsforlifebycultivatingacomprehensivesetofprinciplesthatcanbenefitallofthem..從各方面考慮,這座城市都是世界上最令人激動的城市Everythingconsidered,thiscityistheworld'smostexcitingcity..盡管沒有得到父母的贊同,他還是繼續(xù)他的計劃出國學(xué)習(xí)Thoughwithnoapprovalfromhisparents,hewentaheadwithhisplantostudyabroad..這座橋是以一位英雄的名字,這位英雄為人民的事業(yè)獻出了生命Thebridgewasnamedaftertheherowhogavehislifeforthecauseofpeople..據(jù)說,畫家是以他母親為模特的,他母親的面容滄桑卻不失堅定Itissaidthatthepainterusedhismotherasthemodelinthepaintingwhosefacerepresentedsufferingyetstrength..這位作家于1950年因出版一本小說而ー舉成名,小說的靈感來自于他和一位姑娘在農(nóng)場的經(jīng)歷Thewriterinstantlyrosetofamein1950withthepublicationofanovelinspiredbyhisexperiencewithagirlonafarm..有個故事說，US是“山姆大叔”的縮寫,“山姆大叔’’原名叫山姆,威爾遜,他曾和一名男子ー起工作,這名男子和美國政府簽訂了一份合同，給軍隊提供肉食Onestorysaysthat"US"wasshortfor"UncleSam"whoserealnamewasSamWilson,whohadonceworkedwithamanwhohadsignedacontractwiththegovernmenttoprovidemeattotheUSArmy..直到看到彌留之際躺在床上的母親，他オ意識到自己是多么地愛她Notuntilhesawhismotherlyinginbed,dying,didherealizehowmuchhelovedher..考慮到他最近的身體狀況，我認(rèn)為他這次考試成績還不錯Takingintoaccountofhisrecentphysicalcondition,Ithinkhehasdonequitewellintheexam..克拉克夫人躺在床上一動不動,ー時間我都納悶她是否和活著Mrs.Clarkliesinbedmotionless,andIwonderedbrieflyifsheisstillalive..整棟樓一片黑暗,只有三樓的某個窗戶透岀ー絲光Thebuildingwasdarkenedexceptforasinglelightburninginathird-storeywindow..這些士兵接受了嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練,并且對完成這項新任務(wù)有充分的準(zhǔn)備Thesesoldiershavereceivedverystricttrainingandarewellequippedtofulfillthenewtask..他伸手拿起電話，撥通了賓館的號碼Hereachedforthephone,pickeditup,anddialedthehotel'snumber..我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力預(yù)測地震,這樣地震造成的財產(chǎn)破壞オ會被盡可能的避免Weshouldtryourbesttoforecastearthquakessothatdestructionofpropertycausedbythemcouldbepreventedasmuchaspossible..ー個農(nóng)民注意到有很多魚在水面上游動，他說這預(yù)示著可能有地震發(fā)生Afarmernoticedlargeschoolsoffishswimmingnearthesurfaceofthewater,which,hesaid,indicatedthepossibleoccurrenceofanearthquake..要將英英詞典放在手邊,當(dāng)你不能準(zhǔn)確地理解單詞時,你就能隨時查閱KeepanEnglish-Englishdictionaryhandy,andwhenyoucannotunderstandawordwithaccuracy,youmayrefertoitanytime..如有必要,生活在將要發(fā)生地震地區(qū)的人可以睡在帳篷里Ifnecessary,peoplewholiveintheareawhereanearthquakeisabouttooccurmaysleepintents..對一個想找工作的學(xué)生來說,有沒有碩士學(xué)位的確有很大影響Amaster'sdegreedoesmakeagreatdifferencetoastudentwhowantstogetajob.6.這本書除了告訴我們地震方面的知識外,還告訴我們?nèi)绾巫龊妙A(yù)防工作Inadditiontotheknowledgeaboutearthquakes,thebooktellsushowtoprepareforthem.Sowhenmyfatherdiedofaheartattackin1991,Jimmywasawreck,beneathhiscarefuldisguise.Hewassimplyindisbelief.Usuallyveryagreeable,henowquitspeakingaltogetherandnoamountofwordscouldpenetratethevacantexpressionheworeonhisface.Ihiredsomeonetolivewithhimanddrivehimtowork,butnomatterhowmuchItriedtomakethingsstaythesame,evenJimmygraspedthattheworldhe'dknownwasgone.OnedayIasked,"YoumissDad,don'tyou?”Hislipsquiveredandthenheasked,44Whatdoyouthink,Margaret?Hewasmybestfriend."Ourtearsbeganflow.Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.NowanewstudybyateamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercisemayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.Buttheratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffemaleenduranceathletes.Thismeans,Lylesays,that“toomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein".Womenofchildbearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency.TheHydeSchooloperatesontheprinciplethatifyouteachstudentsthemeritofsuchvaluesastr