Unit3InventorsandinventionsUnit3InventorsandinventionsWarmingUpandPre-readingLanguagePoints:1.workouttherules制訂規(guī)則2.gothrough經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)過3.havesth.done使某事被做4.applyfor申請Answerthefollowingquestions:1.Doyouknowwhatadiscoveryisandwhataninventionis?Adiscoveryistheactoffindingorlearningsomethingforthefirsttime.

Aninventionisthecreationofsomethinginthemind.

2.Doyouknowthestageseveryinventormustgothroughbeforetheycanhavetheirinventionapproved?

1Findingaproblem2Doingresearch3Thinkingofacreativesolution

4Testingthesolution5Decidingontheinvention6ApplyingforapatentReadingTHEPROBLEMOFTHESNAKESLanguagePoints:1.callup給…打電話2.nowandthen偶然；有時3.getridof擺脫；除去

4.wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事5.setaboutdoing開始做；著手做=setouttodo6.decideon決定7.pickup撿起；撿起8.accordingtoplan依據(jù)計劃9.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition

canyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.only修飾狀語或狀語從句位于句首時，主句謂語要部分倒裝。OnlyLiPingcandothehardwork.only修飾主語時，句子謂語不倒裝。10.get/havesth.done使某事被做11.inaddition另外；inadditionto除…之外12.Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmade…nor位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。13.bedifferentfrom和…不一樣14.alargenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“大量…”15.Wishsb.luck!祝某人好運(yùn)！16.beupsetabout對…心煩意亂17.incase“萬一”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句eg.Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.

18.thefirsttime第一次distinguishoneself顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名19.betoo+形容詞+forsb.todoeg.Theripeapplesonyourappletreearetoohighforyoutoreach.20.managetodosth.=succeed(in)doingsth.設(shè)法成功做某事21.stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb.doingsth.一直讓某人做某事LearningaboutLanguageDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions1Ingroupsmakewordpairswiththesamesuffix.Addmoreofyourown.EXAMPLE:n.adj.convenience

convenient;independence

independent

1n.adj._______cubic;_______

_______;mercy

_______;_______

_______;

stain________;______________;caution

________;_______

__________

2v.n.

expect

__________;_____________;produce

__________;_________________;

identify

___________;________________

3adj.v._______strengthen;_____________;freezing

_______;

____________

_________cubebase

basicmercifulfancy

fancifulstainlesscare

carelesscautiouspoisonpoisonousexpectationrelaxrelaxationproductionreducereductionidentificationsatisfysatisfactionstronglonglengthenfreezedisappointingdisappoint2Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Rewritethesentencewhennecessary.

1Thegreengroceratthecornerisprobablytheeasiestandnearesttoreach.Thegreengroceratthecornerisprobablythemostconvenienttoreach.

2Ifyouwanttoapplyforacreditcard,youmustprovideofficiallyacceptable

identification.Ifyouwanttoapplyforacreditcard,youmustprovidevalididentification.

3Youneedtoapproachthatanimalwithgreatcareasitmaybite.Youneedtoapproachthatanimalwithcautionasitmaybite.

4Sheacceptseverythingduringmeetingsanddoesnotcontributetodiscussionsatall.Sheispassiveduringmeetingsanddoesnotcontributetodiscussionsatall.

5Ifoundhisphonenumberinthedirectoryandtriedtotelephonehimlastnight,buttherewasnoreply.LaterIfoundIdialedthewrongnumber.Ifoundhisphonenumberinthedirectoryandtriedtocall/ringhimuplastnight,buttherewasnoreply.LaterIfoundIdialedthewrongnumber.

6Idon’tthinkofmyhometownverymuch,onlysometimes.Idon’tthinkofmyhometownverymuch,onlynowandthen.7LuckilytherainfallstoppedsuddenlybeforeIleft.LuckilytherainfallstoppedabruptlybeforeIleft.8Inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttorecognizewhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty.Inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttodistinguishwhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty.3Completethepassageusingthecorrectformofthewordsorphrasebelow.fileabruptlyvalidproductseizeperfumecriterionsetabout

WhenIfirstappliedforapatentIwasverypuzzledbythe_________.Ihadproducedanewtypeoflily.Iwasamazedwhenmyapplicationwas_________refused.Thepatentofficerdealingwithmy________explainedtomethatanewplantvarietyisnota______inventionasitisaresultofadjustinggrowthscientifically.However,shesuggestedthatIshouldproducea________frommynewlily.Withherencouragement,Idecidedto_______theopportunitytomakearealinvention,soI_________mystudiesondevelopingmy_________,forwhichIhopeIwillsucceedinapplyingforapatent.criteriaabruptlyfilevalidperfumeseizesetaboutproduct4Lookatthesepictures.Describethemtoyourpartnerusingthewordsinthebox.

merrilygluecourtyardladderwalnutripebamboostick

Picture1:Inthecourtyardofthishousetherearetwowalnuttrees.Anoldwomanlivesinthehouseandhaswatchedthewalnutsripenoverseveralmonths.Sadlysheisunabletopicktheripewalnutsbecausetheyaretoohighforhertoreach.Shecallshergranddaughterandaskshertohelpfindsomestudentstopickthewalnuts.

Picture2:Hergranddaughtergoestoherschool.Thereisanoticeboardinherclassroomwherestudentscanputuprequestsforhelp.Althoughsheisunsurewhetheranyonewillcomeandhelp,withgluesheputsuphernoticeaskingforassistance.

Picture3:Hernoticeisentirelysuccessful.Hergrandmotherlooksonhappilyasherfellowstudentsmerrilyrunupanddownladdersandbangbrancheswithbamboostickstobringdownallthewalnuts.Shewillgivethemalovelymealofdumplingswhentheyhavefinishedtothankthemforalltheirhelp.Discoveringusefulstructures1Findandunderlinethesentencesinthereadingpassagecontainingthepastparticipleusedastheattribute.Noteitsposition--eitherbeforeorafterthenoun.EXAMPLE:…butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.1Iplacedthe

frozenbowloverthesnakes’habitat…

2ThenextmorningIcarriedinmyhandasmallnetusedforcatchingfish.2Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthepastparticipleofsuitableverbs.

understandbeatdisappointpleasesignembarrass1Weneedanothercopyofthe______agreement.

2Heseemed____________bythefailureofhispatent.

3Shetriedtomakeherself__________whilegivinghertalk.

4Iwas_____________toseeourteam______byaweakerteam.

5Mymotherappeared_______withthelanternsshehadmade.signeddisappointedunderstoodembarrassedbeatenpleased3Completethepassageusingthecorrectformofthewordsbelow.

welcomedevelopdesignimproverejecttestadopt

Ifyouwanttobeaninventor,youmusthaveaplan________tosolveaparticularproblem.Thisisnotaseasyasitsounds.Manyideas,_________afterweeksofresearch,maynotprovesuccessful.Manyunsuccessfulapproachesare_______,andonlythemostcreativeandsuccessfulonesare_________.Eachidea______byyouwillneedtobe________untilitleadsyouclosertoanewinvention.Oncethishardworkhasbeencompletedandthepatentcommitteehasapprovedyourdesign,youwillfindyournewinvention_______onallsides.4Completethesentenceswithobjectsfromtheleftboxandthepastparticipleformoftheverbsintherightbox.myselfherpaintingsmytimeyourbedroomburntidyperformthrowtheplaythecarsausagesomegueststakeupdisplayinvitestart

1Wesaw________________onTVyesterday.

2Heleftthecarlightsonovernightandinthemorningshecouldn’tget_____________.designeddevelopedrejectedwelcomedtestedimprovedadoptedtheplayperformedthecarstarted3Catherinewants____________________inthegallery.4You’dbetterhave___________________beforeIgethomefromwork.It’sinamess.5Ifelt____________forwardwhenthebusstopped.6Iwon’thave_______________withuselessdiscussion.

7Icannotbearthesmellof_____________onthebarbecue.8Thehostfound_________________tothepartywerelatebecauseoftrafficjams.

5Wherewouldyouliketolivewhenyougrowup?Inpairsmakealistofplacesandpreparetodescribethemtoyourpartnerusingthepastparticipleastheattribute,predicativeorobjectcomplement.

EXAMPLE:

Iwouldliketoliveinawell-designedhousesurroundedbytreesandwhichhasagardenfilledwithflowers.Paintedincoloursofthepalestyellowsandgreensthewallsofthesedecoratedroomswouldseemlargerthantheyreallyare.Ineachroom,wouldbeaspeciallymadearmchairformetositon,placedinthemostcomfortableposition.InthisseatIwouldhavemusicpipedinfromelsewhereinthehouse.Iwouldbeabletoexperimentwithmusiccreated

bymyselfinaspecialroom.Thiswouldbethewell-plannedhouseIwouldliketolivein.herpaintingsdisplayed

yourcourtyardtidiedmyselfthrownmytimetakenupburntsausagesomeguestsinvitedUsingLanguageReadingListeningandspeakingWritingLEARNINGTIPALEXANDERGRAHAMBELLLanguagePoints:1.becomeinterestedin逐步對…產(chǎn)生興趣2.helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事3.leadsb.todosth.促使某人做某事4.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事;sb.bemadetodosth.某人被迫做某事5.beatentrack被踩出來路；常規(guī)；通例outofthewoods脫離麻煩或困境6.diveinto快速把手伸入；一心投入7.diveintothewoods尋求困境8.everytime=whenever“每當(dāng)…”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句9.becertaintodo必定做…10.Everytimeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomething(that)youhavenever

seenbefore.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時，要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，不用which.貝爾和電話的發(fā)明11.

followup跟蹤；堅持完成；繼續(xù)做某事

12.beforeyouknowit不知不覺13.…

youwillhavesomething

worththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.修飾不定代詞定語要后置。be(well)worthdoing“（很）值得做…”，不能用very修飾worththinkabout思索14.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritthat

ledtohismostfamousinvention--thetelephonein1876.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型組成：itis/was+主語/賓語/時間狀語/地點(diǎn)狀語+that/who/whom+剩下部分leadto=resultin造成…結(jié)果resultfrom起因于…15.setouttodo=setaboutdoing開始做…16.…whathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph.劃線部分是一個what引導(dǎo)主語從句。主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。

思索：

以下句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型嗎？為何？

1.

Itisapleasurethatwegoswimminginsummer.

2.Itwasintheschoolthatmymotherworked20yearsago.

17.tapout輕敲出18.inaparticularorder以一個特定次序19.atatime一次20.sothat“方便”，引導(dǎo)目標(biāo)狀語從句。21.atthesametime同時22.allowdoingsth.允許做某事；allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事allowsth.tobedone允許某事被做23.Buthefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolve.劃線部分是形容詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其中不定式只能用主動式表示被動意思。eg.Theproblemiseasytosolve.24.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：作定語或狀語with+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞25.beawareof意識到26.…itwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)是時間狀語。eg.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmyfathercamebacklastnight.NotuntilmyfathercamebackdidIgotobedlastnight.ItwasnotuntilmyfathercamebackthatIerestsb.使某人感興趣28.experimentwith用…作試驗(yàn)29.Whilesearchingforakitestrongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,Bellexperimentedputtingtrianglestogetheranddiscoveredthetetrahedronshape.While(hewas)searchingfor…當(dāng)狀語從句主語和句子主語一致時候，狀語從句主語和系詞be就可省略。search(…)

after/

for搜尋strongenoughtocarryamanintotheair是形容詞短語充當(dāng)后置定語修飾kite.be+形容詞+enough+todoeg.Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.puttingtrianglestogether是伴隨狀語。30.beassociatedwith和…聯(lián)絡(luò)在一起；與…相關(guān)系

31.beknownas作為…而著名；beknownfor因?yàn)椤?；beknowntosb.為某人所知32.applyfor申請33.ringup=callup給某人打電話/’tetr?’hi:drn/34.askfor索取35.asmany/much+名詞+asonecan盡可能多…36.makeatelephonecalltosb.給某人打電話37.Holdtheline,please.=Hangon,please.請別掛斷電話38.outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障inorder情況正常；有條不紊39.getthrough設(shè)法聯(lián)絡(luò)上（尤指打通電話）；（設(shè)法）做完；經(jīng)過40.ringback回復(fù)電話41.ringoff掛斷電話42.asksb.forsth.向某人索要某物43.in/duringthelast/pastfewyears“過去幾年來”，要和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用。44.Iwouldbegratefulifyouwould

consideremployingmeinyourcompany.此句是與未來事實(shí)相反虛擬條件復(fù)合句。considerdoing考慮做45.beafraidtodo不敢做…；beafraidofdoing害怕做…46.endinfailure終究失敗

WorkbookP62USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS1Completethefollowingsentencesusingthecorrectformofthephrasesbelow.

setoutsetdownsetupsetoffsetasidesetabout

1WhenGeorge________hissister’swishesshewasveryupset.

2

Thedaythey_______wascoldandwindyandlookedasifitwouldrain.

3She________allherworkingexperienceinherresume(履歷表).

4Areyouready?Wewill______toclimbthemountain.

5Thegovernmenthas______acommitteetolookintotheaffair.

6ZhangLijuanagreedtomoveand_________packingallhergoods.

7Beforethefireworkswerelit,myuncle______alltherockets.setasidesetoutsetdownsetoffsetupsetaboutsetoff2Usethecorrectformofthewordsintheboxbelowtocompletethispassage.

stablepersonneltapwiredotpracticalinvaluablecompetencedynamicBeforethetelephonewasinvented,peopleusedMorsecodetocontacteachother.Theyonlyneededto___apatternof____alonga____tocreateamessagethatcouldbesenthundredsofmiles.Thisinventionwasvery_______andservedpeopleverywell.IntheeighteenthcenturyintheMidwestoftheUSAitwas_________.Itwarnedthelawofficialsofthecomingofthoseunwantedforseriouscrimes.Italsospreadgoodnewsfarandwide--thediscoveryofgoldinCalifornia,forexample.Itwassoimportantthatjobapplicantsfortherailwayhadtoprovetheir___________inMorsecode.Inthiswaytherailway________wereveryquicklymadeawareofanyproblemtothetrackorthetrains.Ofcourse,nowadays,withmoremodern_______waysofsendinginformation,Morsecodehasbecomemuchlesspopular.Butweshouldnotforgethowvaluableitwasinthepastinhelpingtomakeareallyunsettledenvironmentmore______.tapdotswirepracticalinvaluablecompetencepersonneldynamicstable3Lookatthesephrasescommonlyusedintelephoneconversations.Usethemcorrectlyinthefollowingdialogue.

ringupringoffcall…backextensionoutofordergetthroughhangon

A：Hello.Canyouputmethroughto_________256,please?B：________,I’mputtingyouthrough.A：Hello,Serena.Iwasexpectingyouto________me___yesterday.C：I’msorry.Itriedbutyourphonewas__________andIcouldn’t__________.A：Ohdear!I’msorryaboutthat.Ididn’trealizethat.C：AndI’mratherbusynow.WouldyoumindifI____you_____later?I’ll______now.A：Notatall.I’llbewaitingforyourcall.

4TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesinbrackets.

1見證人----一位蔬菜零售商在法庭上證實(shí)了那個司機(jī)是清白，他并沒有引發(fā)交通堵塞長達(dá)數(shù)小時嚴(yán)重事故。(eyewitness;greengrocer;incourt;innocent;trafficjam)

Theeyewitness–agreengrocerprovedincourtthatthedriverwasinnocentoftheterribleaccident,whichcausedatrafficjamthatlastedforseveralhours.

extensionHangon

ring/callupoutofordergetthroughcallbackringoff2我不能忍受住在多雨城市，盡管對我皮膚有好處。(bear;rainfall)

Icouldnotbeartoliveinacitywithsomuchrainfalleventhoughitisgoodformyskin.3直升飛機(jī)和吉普車在當(dāng)代戰(zhàn)爭中使用很普遍。(helicopter;jeep;current)

Helicoptersandjeepsarewidelyusedincurrentwars.4我同事冰箱壞了，他查電話號碼簿給售后服務(wù)部門打了電話。(associate;directoryrefrigerator;dial)

Myassociatecheckedthetelephonedirectoryandfoundthenumbertodialtheafter-salesservicedepartmentwhenhisrefrigeratorbrokedown.5那個小女孩頭撞到了桌子角上，結(jié)果在額頭上留下了一個像三角形印記。(bump;triangle;forehead)

Thelittlegirlbumpedherheadonacornerofthedeskanditleftamarklikeatriangleonherforehead.6清早大霧彌漫，要識別出正確道路非常困難。(foggy;identification)

Theidentificationofthecorrectroutewasdifficultasitwassofoggyearlyinthemorning.7即使不會游泳，但他跳下了河去救那個小女孩。(diveinto)

Eventhoughhecouldn’tswim,hedivedintotherivertosavethelittlegirl.8夏季農(nóng)民們在田里干活時候，喜歡戴上草帽。(straw)

Insummer,farmersliketowearstrawhatswhileworkinginthefields.USINGSTRUCTURES1Usethewordsbelowtolabelthepictureswiththe-ingformandpastparticiples.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.(P65圖示)

amusesurpriseconfusedisappointshockinspire

disappointing

disappointed

______________

_____________

____________

___________

______________

_____________

____________

___________

______________

_____________2Completethesesentencesusingthecorrectformoftheverbsyouusedintheexerciseabove.1Thescientistcouldnotexplainhistheoriesclearly.Theaudiencewas________.Thelecturewas_________.

2Hedidnotexpecttohearthenewsofhismother’ssuddendeath.Hewas________byhismother’sdeath.Hismother’sdeathwas________news.

3ThechildrenwhosawFatherChristmasatthepartyallopenedtheirmouthsinsurprise.Thechildrenwere_________.FatherChristmas’arrivalwas