書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-日照航海工程職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級的，最初的”，指處于初級或低級狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級的”指在正式開始舉某活動之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

2.單選題

Thetwinbrothersshowedgreat（）totheirstepsister,whohadactedasamothertothemformanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliance

B.devotion

C.subjection

D.allegiance

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這對孿生兄弟對多年來一直擔(dān)任著母親角色的異胞姐姐表現(xiàn)出極大的忠誠。

考查名詞辨析。compliance順從，服從；devotion忠誠，摯愛，信仰，崇拜；subjection隸屬，服從，征服；allegiance效忠，忠誠。故B符合句意。

3.單選題

Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（

）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assert

B.impart

C.ascertain

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文動詞詞義解析。assert“維護(hù)，主張”；impart“給予，傳授”；ascertain“確定，查明”；notify“通知，公布”。句意：我們也許永遠(yuǎn)不能確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意

4.翻譯題

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊茫?jīng)濟(jì)則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟(jì)則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價(jià)格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場行情成了人們的熱門話題。

戰(zhàn)爭使西部糧食市場發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機(jī)買賣。秋季的麥價(jià)一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價(jià)，投機(jī)者從中發(fā)財(cái)。在各種時(shí)機(jī)，農(nóng)民團(tuán)體曾多次要求政府對市場嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭期間，麥價(jià)有失控的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費(fèi)用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個糧食監(jiān)督委員會來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

5.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.Electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).

Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnorincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassicalmodelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.

1.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage（

）

2.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage（

）.

3.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat（

）

4.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause（

）.

5.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyoronthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices

B.manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplace

C.consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomy

D.thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomy

B.themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomy

C.producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptable

D.whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrialization

B.theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomy

C.itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehome

D.themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefamilywasnotefficientinproduction

B.itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethem

C.itcouldnotsupplythembyitself

D.themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aswageearners

B.bothasmanufacturesandconsumers

C.bothasworkersandpurchasers

D.ascustomers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是新古典模式階段的特征.。最后一段指出:Theneoclassicalmodelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond（andcurrent）stage(古典主義模式將家庭視為決定直接生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)還是在市場上購買商品和服務(wù)，這基本上是第一階段的模式。它不能準(zhǔn)確地應(yīng)用于第二（和當(dāng)前）階段)。因此A項(xiàng)(家庭要么依靠自身獲得必需的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，要么向市場購買)正確。

2.推斷題。第一段指出:...the...secondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy(第二階段很明顯，市場開始生產(chǎn)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)從未生產(chǎn)過的商品和服務(wù))。因此選B項(xiàng):市場經(jīng)濟(jì)所提供的新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)是家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)永遠(yuǎn)無法提供的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:...theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.這一過程極為費(fèi)力，而市場經(jīng)濟(jì)通常更為高效。因此D項(xiàng)(市場在這些流程方面效率更高)正確。

4.推斷題。第二段指出:第二段：..mostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的成果并沒有增加國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)商品或服務(wù)或在市場上購買商品或服務(wù)的選擇。為了消費(fèi)這些新的商品和服務(wù)，這個家庭必須以工薪階層和消費(fèi)者的身份進(jìn)入市場。因此C項(xiàng)(他們不可能自己生產(chǎn)滿足自己所需)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers(為了消費(fèi)這些新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)，這個家庭必須以工薪階層和消費(fèi)者的身份進(jìn)入市場),故選C。

6.單選題

______thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Presumably大概B.Respectively分別地，各自地

C.Imaginably可想象地D.Plausibly似真地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】由結(jié)果狀語從句中的wouldbe可知，這里表示推測，所以空格處填入presumably符合語境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)都不表示推測，不符合句意。

【句意】大概是惡劣的天氣延誤了航班，所以他們要等好幾個小時(shí)才能到達(dá)。

7.單選題

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.

However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.

ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandmirroredacrossothereconomic.IntheUK,researchisconcentrate;lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.

Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestmenttheyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.

PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.

Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities’performanceincommercialization?

3.WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”refersto（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?

5.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK’seconomicgrowth?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.

B.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.

C.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

D.Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.

B.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.

C.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

D.Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities

B.compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

C.fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions

D.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.

B.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.

C.Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.

D.Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

B.Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch

C.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

D.Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.”，可知英國從一個相對較弱的起點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在在許多商業(yè)化活動的指標(biāo)上處于領(lǐng)先地位。可判斷出在作者看來英國大學(xué)的商業(yè)化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，處于領(lǐng)先地位。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.”，可知有證據(jù)表明，英國大學(xué)的地位比過去要穩(wěn)定得多，而且仍在改善。但全國數(shù)據(jù)并沒有反映出各所大學(xué)存在的巨大差異。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.”，可知過去10年的政策干預(yù)改變了英國大學(xué)，然后在下文提及了各個大學(xué)存在巨大的差異。第五段主要對這種分配不平均的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步闡述，這種現(xiàn)象不僅發(fā)生在英國，，也存在于其他國家。又根據(jù)文章第五段，“Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.”，可知政策主導(dǎo)的長期資源集中化也造就了一批獨(dú)特的大學(xué)，它們以研究為主導(dǎo)，并且商業(yè)化?？膳袛喑鰌olicyinterventions就是指資源集中的政策。因此現(xiàn)象D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.”，可知以研究為主導(dǎo)的大學(xué)的核心目標(biāo)必須是最大限度地發(fā)揮其研究的影響。這些大學(xué)應(yīng)該為社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境各方面帶來效益。可判斷出這些研究型大學(xué)應(yīng)該充分利用他們的研究成果造福于社會。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.”，可知如果各區(qū)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移部門更有效的協(xié)調(diào)，同時(shí)加大研究生規(guī)模和功能的投資，大學(xué)應(yīng)該能在英國下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為英國的大學(xué)可以通過促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和投資研究生院教育在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮作用。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Thepolicedetectiveputtogetherthepiecesofevidencetoformone（

）account.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.genuine

C.expressive

D.coherent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的；感覺的”；genuine“真實(shí)的；真正的”；expressive“表現(xiàn)的；有表現(xiàn)力的”；coherent“連貫的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：這位警探將這些證據(jù)拼湊在一起形成一份連貫的報(bào)告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instinctive意為“天生的，生來的”；impulsive意為“沖動的”；compulsory意為“(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”。

句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣诩哟笈υ谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)普及義務(wù)教育。

10.單選題

Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints（約束）influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory:

IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle（小隔間）officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles.Severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.

Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.

Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip（籌碼）whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds（anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample）justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.

Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?

Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.

1.Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould（）.

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth’sstory?

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Togetapayraise,apersononshould（）.

5.Tobesuccessfulinnegotiations,onemust（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratehiscapability

B.givehisbossagoodimpression

C.askforasmuchmoneyashecan

D.askforthesalaryhehopestoget

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.

B.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeservetheyhavetoaskforit.

C.Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.

D.Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreases

B.mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaid

C.oneshouldavoidoverstatingone’sperformance

D.mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.advertisehimselfonthejobmarket

B.persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontract

C.trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganization

D.dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.meethisbossattheappropriatetime

B.arriveatthenegotiationtablepunctually

C.begoodatinfluencingtheoutcomeoftheinteraction

D.befamiliarwithwhatthebosslikesanddislikes

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞beforetakingajob定位至第一句話:Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases(協(xié)商起薪更為容易，因?yàn)槟阋坏┻M(jìn)入了公司，公司的制度限制就會影響工資增長)。也就是，若擔(dān)心入職后工資增長受限，入職前則盡量要求多的薪水

2.判斷推理題。第二段講述了關(guān)于Beth的經(jīng)歷:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit(當(dāng)我沒有要求時(shí)，我沒有得到我想要的)。IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway(我認(rèn)為，他們覺得我滿意目前的狀況，因?yàn)槲覜]有說出我的意見)。由此可知，如果你想得到你本應(yīng)得的薪酬和待遇，你就應(yīng)當(dāng)主動去爭取或說出自己的想法。因此選B項(xiàng)“如果人們想要得到他們理應(yīng)得到的，就必須提出要求”。

3.判斷推理題。通過選項(xiàng)可以定位至第三段:Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit(如果我們都能夠自動獲得與價(jià)值相當(dāng)?shù)募有剑@將是多么美好的事，但是，美好對于多數(shù)公司來說并不是必備特質(zhì)。如果你覺得應(yīng)獲大幅度的加薪，那么，你最好是提出來)。因此，A項(xiàng)“在工資增長問題上存在不公之處”正確。

4.判斷推理題。第四段指出:表現(xiàn)是加薪的最好籌碼，而且時(shí)機(jī)也很重要。并且加以舉例說明:Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant(如果你能向老板提供他/她所需要的東西(比如一個新客戶，或者是一個可觀的合同)，那么，你就更有可能得到想要的加薪)。因此D項(xiàng)“在績效工資決定之前，做一些讓老板留下深刻印象的事”正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction(帶上這個籌碼，在合適的時(shí)機(jī)去談判吧！并通過使用談判技巧來引導(dǎo)相互作用的方向)。因此，此處是指談判的合適時(shí)機(jī)，并未說具體的見面時(shí)間。因此排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“熟悉老板的好惡”在文中并未提及。而且，C項(xiàng)“善于影響交流互動的結(jié)果”相當(dāng)于“toguidethedirectionoftheinteraction”，故選C。

11.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall．Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize．Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape．Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier．Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds．Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal．Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,orthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk．Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible．Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness．Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose．Pruningisusuallydoneinwinter,forthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterferencefromtheleavesanditis,too,veryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed．Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningisprobablyusuallydoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethesmallbranchesthicker.

B.getridofthesmallbranches.

C.improvetheshapeofthetree.

D.makethetreegrowtaller.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches.

B.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly.

C.doesnotprotectthemfromthewind.

D.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpawoundtodry.

B.Tocoveraroughsurface.

C.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

D.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regularlyeverywinter.

B.occasionallywhennecessary.

C.asquicklyaspossible.

D.atintervalsthroughouttheyear.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

B.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdisease.

C.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

D.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第一句指出：First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize(首先，修剪可以確保樹有一個理想的形狀或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是為了“改善樹的形狀”，故選C。

2.判斷推理題。第二段最后一句指出：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair(修剪掉擋在中間而阻止了空氣自由流通的樹枝，可以讓樹更健康)。由此可知，如果園丁讓太多的樹枝在中間生長，樹就會不健康。D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段第一句指出：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal(修剪的一個后果是樹上留下一個缺口，這為疾病提供了一個容易的入口，但這是一個可以愈合的傷口)。因此樹被涂上一種特殊材料終究是為了“防止疾病通過修剪口侵入”。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都是干擾項(xiàng)，雖然后面提到：Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness(修剪過的區(qū)域必須光滑干凈，因?yàn)榇植跁p緩愈合速度)。但它們并不是最終原因。因此本題選C。

4.判斷推理題。第一段指出：Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand…(只有在有充分和明確的理由時(shí)才應(yīng)該修剪樹木)。由此推斷，B項(xiàng)“必要時(shí)偶爾修剪”正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭講了修剪的原因，方法，后面講了修剪的后果極其處理方法，因此C項(xiàng)“概述修剪”比較能概括本文主旨。

12.單選題

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.

Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoea