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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-朔州師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thisticket(

)youtoafreeboattouronthelake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.entitles

B.appoints

C.grants

D.credits

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。entitle給某人權(quán)利或資格;appoint任命,委派;grant授予,允許;credit信任,歸功于。

句意:這張票使你有資格免費(fèi)在湖上乘船游覽。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat(

).

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

).

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

).

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.(安全專家說(shuō),問題既不是金錢,也不是技術(shù),而是一個(gè)對(duì)火災(zāi)不夠重視的國(guó)家的冷漠)和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.(它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費(fèi)的要少得多)可知美國(guó)火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi),因此選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.(但即使如此成功,美國(guó)仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國(guó)家之一)可知D選項(xiàng)“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.(在美國(guó),大部分教育費(fèi)用都花在小學(xué)上。但是,這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少,只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的)可知A選項(xiàng)“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對(duì)美國(guó)成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.(專家說(shuō),致命的錯(cuò)誤是一種態(tài)度,即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過錯(cuò)。在其他國(guó)家情況并非如此,在這些國(guó)家,公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個(gè)人過失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項(xiàng)因過失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰,最高可達(dá)無(wú)期徒刑)可知C選項(xiàng)“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通讀全文,可知作者對(duì)文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.(美國(guó)繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù),而不是法律或社會(huì)壓力)這種“不依靠法律或社會(huì)壓力”的觀點(diǎn)是不贊成,認(rèn)為需要依靠法律和社會(huì)壓力來(lái)減少美國(guó)火災(zāi)的發(fā)生,因此選B。

3.單選題

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,(1),dependsfirstand(2)onitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoney(3)onthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodandclothing,and"services”suchastransportand(4).

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors;mostof(5)haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends(6)anextentuponacountry'snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilanda(7)climate;otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

Nexttonaturalresources(8)theabilitytoturnthemtouse.Chinaisperhapsaswell(9)astheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromciviland(10)wars,and(11)thisandotherreasonswas(12)todevelopherresources.(13)andstablepoliticalconditions,and(14)fromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywell(15)bynaturebutlesswellordered.

Acountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumed(16)itownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.(17)Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyon(18)grownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwould(19)belacking.Acountry'swealthis.therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,(20)thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.however

C.nevertheless

D.furthermore

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.principal

C.uniquely

D.foremost

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.nor

D.except

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.recreation

B.enlightenment

C.refreshment

D.entertainment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.if

B.them

C.which

D.that

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.virtuous

D.marine

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.comes

C.coming

D.came

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.known

C.done

D.furnished

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.military

B.external

C.contemporary

D.domestic

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.because

C.becauseof

D.dueto

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.impossible

B.incapable

C.proficient

D.unable

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Strong

B.Sound

C.Sturdy

D.Robust

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.liberty

B.freedom

C.prevention

D.liberation

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.assisted

B.avenged

C.rescued

D.served

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.near

C.within

D.without

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Inshort

B.Forexample

C.Firstly

D.Ononehand

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.those

C.what

D.it

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.otherwise

C.certainty

D.certainly

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.depended

C.given

D.supposed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幥懊嫣岬健吧钏健敝冈搰?guó)生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的人均份額,與后面的itscapacitytoproducewealth說(shuō)的是同一件事,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

.考查固定搭配。firstandforemost“首先,首要的是”,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幥懊媸莣edonotliveonmoney,后面是onthingsthatmoneycanbuy,可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。Recreation“娛樂,消遣”,偏向于個(gè)人;enlightenment“啟迪”;refreshment“起提神作用的東西”;entertainment“娛樂,消遣”,偏向于公眾。前面是提到services,可知空格處所填的單詞屬于其中之一,與transport并列,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考查語(yǔ)法題。分析句子,可知空格處需要填寫一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞來(lái)指代前面的manyfactors,因此在C與D之間選,定語(yǔ)從句中,that不能在介詞后面,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。toanextent“在一定程度上”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.考查形容詞詞義辨析。Neutral“中立的”;favorable“有利的,良好的”;virtuous“善良的,有道德的”;marine“海生的”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處所在句子談?wù)摰氖悄承┑貐^(qū)的有利方面,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意,“氣候宜人”。

8.考查主謂一致??崭裉帪橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí),并且theability是第三人稱,由此可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用第三人稱,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.考查固定搭配。welloff“富裕的,處境好”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。military“軍事的”;external“外部的;表面的”;contemporary“當(dāng)代的”;domestic“國(guó)內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)空格處前面的單詞civil“內(nèi)部的”可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意,“中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

11.考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)空格前后的句意可知此處需要填寫一個(gè)表示“因?yàn)椤钡倪B詞,選項(xiàng)B、C、D在表示“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑紩r(shí),一般要求句子的主干部分的主語(yǔ)不能省略,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.考查形容詞詞義辨析。Impossible“不可能的”;incapable“無(wú)能力的”,偏指本身能力不夠;proficient“熟練的”;unable“不能的”,偏指外部影響導(dǎo)致。前面提到中國(guó)遭受內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),還有其他一些原因,導(dǎo)致無(wú)法開發(fā)資源,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.考查固定搭配。soundandstablepoliticalconditions“良好和穩(wěn)定的政治環(huán)境”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.考查詞義辨析。liberty“(偏向于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)和人權(quán)上的解放)自由,自主”;freedom“(偏向于更廣泛意義上的自由)自由,自主”;prevention“預(yù)防,阻止”;liberation

“釋放,解放”。由空格后的foreigninvasion“外敵入侵”知這里指廣義上的“免于外敵入侵的自由”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assist“輔助,援助,avenge“報(bào)復(fù),報(bào)仇”;rescue“營(yíng)救,援救”;serve“提供,招待”。這里指“被自然平等地提供資源但是國(guó)家秩序不好的國(guó)家”,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭窈蟆巴ㄟ^國(guó)家貿(mào)易”以及“國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的”的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系可知這里指“在我們國(guó)家境內(nèi)”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭袂疤岬健?…..不僅依賴于……,而且還依賴于……”接著提到英國(guó)的財(cái)富問題,可知這里是用英國(guó)財(cái)富的例子來(lái)舉例,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格前后的對(duì)比關(guān)系可知這里要填一個(gè)詞代替前面提到的foodstuffsandotheragriculturalproducts,由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.考查詞義辨析。likely“很可能”;otherwise“否則;另外”;certainty“必然”,名詞;certainly“當(dāng)然”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐恰百Q(mào)易讓她的剩余產(chǎn)品到國(guó)外交易換取……缺乏的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品”,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。Providethat“如果,倘若”;giventhat“只要是,考慮到”;supposedthat“推測(cè),認(rèn)為”,沒有dependthat的用法。將選項(xiàng)的意思代入空格處,只有A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

The(

)ofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallymakesjobseasiertodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.application

C.association

D.affection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。addition“添加”;application“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng)”;association“協(xié)會(huì);聯(lián)盟”;affection“感情;影響”。句意:新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上使得工作更容易。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

HeisplanningtogotoTehranto______peacemovesthroughtheIslamicConferenceOrganization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.publish

B.survey

C.initiate

D.hoist

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)publish“出版,發(fā)布”;B選項(xiàng)survey“審察;測(cè)量”;C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始,發(fā)起;使初步了解”;D選項(xiàng)hoist“吊起,拉高”。句意:他計(jì)劃前往德黑蘭通過伊斯蘭會(huì)議組織______和平運(yùn)動(dòng)。這里橫線處搭配peacemoves“和平運(yùn)動(dòng)”,只有C選項(xiàng)initiate“使開始,發(fā)起”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata(

)translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberal

B.literary

C.literal

D.linear

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。liberal意為“自由的”;literary意為“文學(xué)的”;literal意為“文字上的,字面的”;linear意為“直線的,線形的”。由句中的than可知是與afreetranslation(意譯)相比較,翻譯一般分為意譯與直意,因此選C。

句意:有些人認(rèn)為直譯,或者說(shuō)逐字逐句的翻譯,比意譯容易。

7.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.3.NeverwillInotdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

36Manyartiststodayareinthatiscalledappliedart.37Theyusetheirabilityinadvertise,interiordecoration,orsomesimilarjob.38Butpeopleinbusinesswhichhiretheartistsforthatkindofworksaythatsimpleartisticabilityisnotenough.Therearelotsofyoungpeoplewhohavethat.39Butnotenoughofusknowanythingaboutphysics,ormechanicalthings,ormath.40Tobeadruggistyouhavetostudyaboutchemistry.Youcan’tlearnchemistrywithoutknowingsomethingaboutalgebra.Howaboutanurse?41Oneoftherequiredsubjectsinacourseofnursingisknowntomateriamedica.42Inmateriamedicayou’lllearntofiguredosesandpreparemedicines.Algebraisimportantindoingthefiguring.Toomanystudentnursesflunkoutofthecoursebecausetheirmathisweak.It’sthesamewithmanytrades.43Ifyouwanttobeadraftsman,amachinist,amolder,andapatternmaker,you’llneedalgebraandgeometryandeventrigonometry.44Asifyouwanttogointobusinessforyourself,you’llneedmath.45Businesstoday,whetherit’srunningalittlegasstationorabigfactory,takegoodmanagement.Goodmanagementtakesmathematics.

【答案】36.that—what

37.advertise—advertising

38.which—who

39.us—them

40.about×

41.to—as

42.figure—figureout

43.and—or

44.as—even

45.take—takes

【解析】36.分析句子成分,主語(yǔ)是artists,系動(dòng)詞are,缺少表語(yǔ),所以這里的in以及后面的從句組成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作表語(yǔ),從句是賓語(yǔ)從句,而介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用wh-類詞引導(dǎo),而從句中缺少主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)該把that改為what。

37.介詞后面一般接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,這里的advertise是動(dòng)詞原形,所以應(yīng)該改為advertising。

38.根據(jù)從句中間的關(guān)鍵詞hire可知,從句的主語(yǔ)是人,但是從句缺主語(yǔ),所以是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),這個(gè)從句是用來(lái)修飾people而不是business,而which是用來(lái)修飾物的,所以應(yīng)該把which改為who。

39.文章前面一直用第三人稱的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)寫作,us在文中出現(xiàn)得很突兀讓人不知所云,而根據(jù)前文可以推測(cè),這里的不知道物理或者機(jī)械類知識(shí)的是前文所說(shuō)的年輕人,所以應(yīng)該把us換成them。

40.study學(xué)習(xí)某件事時(shí)一般是及物動(dòng)詞不需要借助介詞來(lái)加賓語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)bout去掉。

41.beknownto“為……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的詞語(yǔ),而介詞to后面接的是藥物學(xué),這里要表達(dá)的意思是在一系列的護(hù)理學(xué)科中其中一個(gè)需要學(xué)的科目是藥物學(xué),這里的詞組應(yīng)該是beknownas“被稱為”,所以需要把介詞to改為as。

42.figure單獨(dú)使用時(shí)是“計(jì)算”,但是作為護(hù)理學(xué)的一類課程很少會(huì)要配藥,這里應(yīng)該是清楚地知道藥品的劑量,所以應(yīng)該在figure后面加介詞out組成固定短語(yǔ)figureout弄清楚。

43.根據(jù)前面的if可知這里是假設(shè),但是一個(gè)人只有很小的可能又是繪圖員又是機(jī)械師又是模具工又是制模師,這里的四個(gè)職業(yè)應(yīng)該是選擇關(guān)系,所以這句所有的and都要改為or。

44.asif“好像,貌似”,根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境,講述的是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)很重要,即使你要自己創(chuàng)業(yè),你會(huì)需要數(shù)學(xué),所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)s改為even,evenif“即使”。

45.謂語(yǔ)take的主語(yǔ)business是個(gè)抽象名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù),take應(yīng)該改為takes。

8.單選題

Asoneoftheworld’shighestpaidmodels,shehadherface______forfivemilliondollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.posited

B.assured

C.measured

D.insured

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.posited假設(shè);認(rèn)定B.assured使確信

C.measured測(cè)量;度量D.insured投保

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句的句意“作為世界上收入最高的模特之一”,結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞face可推知,她為自己的臉投保,空格處表示“投?!狈暇湟猓试擃}選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】作為世界上收入最高的模特之一,她為自己的臉投保了500萬(wàn)美元。

9.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980,forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto().

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年來(lái),科學(xué)家們一直試圖確定太陽(yáng)常數(shù),即到達(dá)地球的太陽(yáng)能總量。然而,即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū),太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量。”可知本文的主題是solarconstant太陽(yáng)常數(shù),主要討論太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的測(cè)量問題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而,即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū),太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量。大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃顆粒吸收和散射陽(yáng)光,阻止某些波長(zhǎng)的光到達(dá)地面。所以作者提到氣體分子和塵埃顆粒是想說(shuō)明這兩者阻礙了對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的精確測(cè)量。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,這些波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子上大群太陽(yáng)黑子的出現(xiàn)和消失相吻合。太陽(yáng)黑子是太陽(yáng)表面上相對(duì)黑暗的區(qū)域,具有很強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng),溫度比太陽(yáng)表面的其他部分低2000華氏度??芍?yáng)常數(shù)的波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)有關(guān),故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.盡管太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的數(shù)據(jù)顯示太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)緩慢而穩(wěn)定地減少。一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,隨著時(shí)間的推移,該衛(wèi)星的老化探測(cè)器可能變得不那么敏感,從而錯(cuò)誤地顯示出太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的下降??芍捎谛l(wèi)星的老化有可能使得探測(cè)不敏感,所以科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的信息可能不準(zhǔn)確。故C項(xiàng)正確,

5.文章最后一段講了對(duì)于太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的研究已經(jīng)展開,這是項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而艱巨的工程,需要持續(xù)不斷的研究和努力。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)justification“借口,理由”;B選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)覺,幻想”;C選項(xiàng)manifestation“表示,表明”;D選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格,說(shuō)明書”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與assumptions的意思接近,因此選B。句意:我們必須超越幻想和假設(shè),努力發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失的東西。

11.單選題

Manytouristswere(

)bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級(jí),降低,退化”;bewilder“使迷惑”;evoke“引起,喚起”;divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:很多游客都被這個(gè)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely()toit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.absorbed

C.involved

D.interested

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addict“使沉迷,使上癮”,一般和介詞to搭配;B選項(xiàng)absorb“承受,理解,使..全神貫注”,一般和介詞in搭配;C選項(xiàng)involve“涉及,使陷于,潛心于”,一般和介詞in搭配;D選項(xiàng)interest“感興趣”,一般和介詞in搭配。根據(jù)句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上癮了?!敝挥羞x項(xiàng)A能和介詞to搭配,所以A正確。

13.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“whimper”,意為“抽泣,吹口哨”;B選項(xiàng)“whim”,意為“心血來(lái)潮,突發(fā)奇想”,C選項(xiàng)“whirl”,意為“旋轉(zhuǎn),回轉(zhuǎn)”,D選項(xiàng)“whistle”,意為“口哨,汽笛聲”。句意:最后,小男孩去上學(xué)了,并沒有多少抗議的念頭。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprivedof

B.divestedof

C.lackingin

D.exemptfrom

【答案】C

【解析】句意:無(wú)論是有意還是無(wú)意,我們正在創(chuàng)建理查德?約翰?紐豪斯牧師所說(shuō)的“赤裸的公共廣場(chǎng)”,一個(gè)……任何宗教信仰的世俗社區(qū)。A選項(xiàng)deprivedof“被剝奪的;嚴(yán)重匱乏的”;B選項(xiàng)divestedof“剝奪”;C選項(xiàng)lackingin“缺乏”;D選項(xiàng)exemptfrom“豁免;免除”?!俺嗦愕墓矎V場(chǎng)”意味著沒有任何宗教信仰的束縛,因此C選項(xiàng)“缺乏”符合題意。

15.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的;有禮貌的(表示對(duì)……的尊重)”;B選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的(受到……的尊敬,語(yǔ)氣程度最深)”;C選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的;人格高尚的;相當(dāng)數(shù)量的(被社會(huì)接受的,好的或正確的)”;D選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?;相配的”。句意:鄰居們認(rèn)為他不太___,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)晚上他都會(huì)用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達(dá)“鄰居認(rèn)為他不太值得尊敬”,不太被鄰居接受,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thisweekwewillbecelebratingthe200thanniversaryofthebirthofCharlesDarwin,oneofBritain’smostextraordinaryscientists.Histheoryofevolution,oneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofalltime,givesusawayofunderstandingtheconnectednessofalllifeandtheuniquenessofhumanlifewithinit.Togetherwithotherbranchesofscientificexploration,evolutionbeginstounfoldandilluminatetheinterplayofforcesthatmakeouruniversesuchanextraordinarydynamicreality.Inthissense,scienceisitselfajourneyoflearningandexploration.ThisIfindexcitingandhumbling.

TowardstheendofhislifeDarwinwrote:“ItseemstomeabsurdtodoubtthatamanmaybeanardentTheistandanevolutionist.”ThescienceopensmenotonlytopuzzlesandtoquestionsabouttheworldIlivein;itleadsmetomarvelatitscomplexity.Here,Ifindscienceisagoodfriendtomyfaith.Italsocallsmetoajourneyoflearningandunderstanding.Oneofthethingsthatmarsourcultureisthefracturebetweenfaithandscience.Itimpoverishesourinquiryintotherealitiesthatmakeupourlifeandworld

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