書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-嘉應(yīng)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor（1）inyourworkwoulddepend,to

（2）

greatextent,

（3）

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.（4）theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

（5）

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

（6）

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

（7）

thatheisprobablyascapable

（8）doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

（9）

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

（10）

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

（11）

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

（12）

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

（13）

thestrengthandovercomethe

（14）

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

（15）

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

（16）

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

（17）

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

（18）

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

（19）

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

（20）,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】（1）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses（優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)）相對(duì)應(yīng)，success（成功）對(duì)應(yīng)的詞是failure（失?。虼诉xC。

（2）考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配，意為“很大程度上，非常”。

（3）考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，dependon為固定搭配，意為“依賴，依靠”。

（4）考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用，表示具有某種性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，位于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篩ourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.（beof+名詞）

（5）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使確信，使相信”；imagine意為“想象，設(shè)想”；understand意為“理解”；dream意為“夢(mèng)想”。此處表示“如果一個(gè)人剛開(kāi)始工作的人就確信自己不會(huì)喜歡……”。

（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語(yǔ)he，besurethat后面加從句，此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作”。

（7）考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配，意為“相信”。

（8）考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配，意為“有能力做某事，能夠做某事”。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。risk意為“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)”；make意為“做”；reduce意為“減少”；possess意為“擁有，具有”。

（10）考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件，前提”；educational意為“教育的”；意為“手工的，體力的”；basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

（11）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個(gè)弱勢(shì)”，having（擁有）與lacking（缺少）相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選C。

（12）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對(duì)應(yīng)的技能，因此主語(yǔ)bookkeeper（記賬人，簿記員）需要會(huì)運(yùn)算相關(guān)方面的能力，因此選D，add意為“加法”。

（13）考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

（14）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知此處表示“克服缺點(diǎn)”，因此選B。

（15）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語(yǔ)意，因此選B，development意為“發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”。

（16）考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，需要有連詞連接，over與out不是連詞，since作連詞，意為“從……以后，由于，既然”，as作連詞，意為“隨著，由于”，此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”，因此選A。

（17）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。calculate意為“計(jì)算”；move意為“移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)”；drill意為“訓(xùn)練，演習(xí)”；deal意為“處理，涉及，論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細(xì)論述發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過(guò)程”，因此選D。

（18）考查動(dòng)詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學(xué)習(xí)技能”，因此選C。

（19）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow（你必須首先評(píng)估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境）可知此處表示“檢測(cè)你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)”，因此選A，examine意為“檢查，調(diào)查”。

（20）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C，與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

2.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關(guān)系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語(yǔ)，意思是“女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)女性去提高她們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)的技能”，故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】impartial公正的；mild溫順的；hostile不友好的；opposing反對(duì)的。句意：因?yàn)槭圬泦T對(duì)顧客不友好的態(tài)度,

老板對(duì)她投去責(zé)備的目光。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A項(xiàng)eliminate“消除”，B項(xiàng)revoke“撤回，取消”，C項(xiàng)modify“修飾”，D項(xiàng)blend“混合，協(xié)調(diào)”；句意：隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失，移民將會(huì)被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

5.單選題

Themeetingwas（

）bytheNationalAssociationofWomenforthepurposeoffurtheringthewomen’sliberationmovement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chaired

B.sponsored

C.participated

D.assigned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。chair意為“擔(dān)任（會(huì)議、討論等的）主席，主持（會(huì)議、討論等）”；sponsor意為“贊助（活動(dòng)、節(jié)目）等，主辦，舉辦”；participate意為“參加，參與”；assign意為“分派，選派，分配”。

句意：會(huì)議由全國(guó)婦女協(xié)會(huì)主辦，目的是促進(jìn)婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。

6.單選題

Therearethreegeneralmethodspeopleusetoexplainandunderstandtheirworld:beliefs,pseudo-science,andscience.

Whatarebeliefs?Well,simplyput,beliefsarewhatyoubelievetobetrue.Inthisfirstmethodofinterpretingmanandtheworld,certainpeopleprovedtheinformationabouthowtheworldworks.Theirteachingsarebeyondquestion.Theirfollowersacceptthesebeliefsbecausetheywanttoacceptthem,notbecauseofscientificevidence.Someexamplesarereligions,suchasChristianity.ChristiansbelieveinoneGod,whocreatedtheuniverseandallthatisinit.TheybelievethatthisGodisactiveinhistory,guidingandteachingHispeople.Likemanyreligions,Christianityprovidesanumberofspecificmoralrulesandprinciplesthatmakeupanimportantpartofitsteachings.Superstitions,suchasFungShui,arealsocommonexamplesofbeliefs.

Pseudoscience,alsocalledfakescience,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpracticethatclaimstobescientificorismadetoappearscientific,butisactuallynot.Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfactswhileintentionallyignoringothers,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents.Beliefsinmagic,monsters,andghostsfallintothiscategory.BothChineseQigongandIndianYogaareverygoodphysicalexercisesthatcanhelptheirpractitionerskeepfit,butwhensomemagicalpower,theyareturningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience.Manypeoplefol?lowpseudosciencebecausebeliefinmagicormysteriouspowersisentertaining.Astrologyhasmillionsoffollowersallaroundtheworld,notbecauseithelpsthemdealwiththeworldinanybetterway,onlybe?causeitisjustfun.

Ofthethreemethods,onlyscienceprovidesarationalwayofunderstandingtheworlD.Itdoesnotprovideamoralsystemasreligiondoes,anditmaynotalwaysbeasentertainingaspseudosciencesometimesis,butitistheonlymethodthatrequiresconstanttestingoffacts,beliefsandideas,resultinginchangingtheoriesaswegetnewinformation.Scienceteachesustodrawconclusionsbasedonevidenceanditalsoteachesus"thatsomeevidenceisstrongerthanotherevidence,andhowtojudgetheevidence.Throughourstudyofscience,welearntoacceptuncertainty,toquestionfactsandtheories,andtosearchconstantlyfortruth.

MostofususeallthreemethodsindifferentproportionstoviewourworlD.Somescientistsbelieveintheorieswithoutsupportingevidence.Andthescientificmethodisoftenusedforunscientificpurposes.Butscienceistheonlymethodthatisconstantlychanging.Itdoesnotdependontheteachingsofoneman.Eachscientistbuildsontheworkofothersandhisfindings,inturn,areusedbyotherstoincreaseourknowledgeoftheworld.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutscience?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutpseudoscience?

5.Theword"astrology"(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ScienceandPseudoscience.

B.ReligionandScience.

C.Science,PseudoscienceandReligion.

D.DifferentWaysofViewingtheWorld.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nobeliefsaresupportedbyscientificevidence.

B.Pseudosciencealwaysleadstofalseunderstandingofthingsorevents.

C.Scienceneverquestionsfacts.

D.Scientistsacceptnotingwithoutscientificevidence.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Scienceacceptsuncertainty.

B.Sciencedoesnotpushpeopletofollowanyspecificsetofmoralrules.

C.Scienceteachesustoweighdifferentevidence.

D.Scienceurgesusnottoacceptanybeliefsorideas.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Qigongispseudoscience.

B.Pseudoscienceprovidesnosupportingevidence.

C.Pseudosciencecanbeentertaining.

D.Pseudosciencehasnothingtodowithbeliefs.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.studyofthepositionofstarsinthebeliefthattheyinfluencehumanaffairs

B.asetofmethodsusedindoingthingsefficientlyinourlife

C.centraldataprocessingunitofacomputerpopularlyusedtoday

D.scientificstudyoftheearth'scrust,rocks,etC.andofthehistoryofitsdevelopment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段提出了三個(gè)不同的世界觀,接下來(lái)分別進(jìn)行具體闡述,最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確,其他選項(xiàng)都比較片面,選項(xiàng)D正確,全文都是在描述看待世界的三種方法。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第四句"Theirfollowersaccept...scientificevidence."他們的追隨者接受這些信仰,是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)敢饨邮?而不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)證據(jù)。所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,...,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過(guò)對(duì)科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí),我們學(xué)會(huì)了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實(shí)和理論,不斷地尋找真理。所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)法太絕對(duì),所以不正確。只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過(guò)對(duì)科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí),我們學(xué)會(huì)了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實(shí)和理論,不斷地尋找真理。選項(xiàng)A,B,C均正確;選項(xiàng)D中的belieforidea也就是指原文中的uncertainty,選項(xiàng)D與原文表述不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段"BothChineseQigong...turningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience."可知選項(xiàng)A表述太絕對(duì),氣功本身是好的,只是被某些居心不良的人加以利用了;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfacts..."可知偽科學(xué)會(huì)提供證據(jù),只不過(guò)這些證據(jù)不是科學(xué)證據(jù);根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Manypeoplefol?lowpseudoscience...isentertaining."可知選項(xiàng)C正確;根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Pseudoscience,...,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpractice..."可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選C。

5.詞義辨析題。astrology指"占星術(shù)",認(rèn)為星星會(huì)影響人類而對(duì)星星的位置進(jìn)行研究。選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Healthexpertsrecommendleisurelymeals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfor

B.deleted

C.gathered

D.regular

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。leisurely意為“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；payfor意為“賠償，付款，為……付出代價(jià)”；delete意為“刪除”；gather意為“聚集，集合”；regular意為“規(guī)則的，有規(guī)律的”。

句意：健康專家建議從容飲食。

8.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours9.單選題

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.ButthefirstscientificobservationofCircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.

Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.

AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.

ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.

Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.

Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedintheNewspaper.

1.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein（

）.

2.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintainedtheiropening-and-closingcycles

（

）.

3.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.”(InParagraph4)probablymeans

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday

（

）.

5.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythms.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“生物鐘在什么方面扮演著非常重要的角色？”文章第一段第一句話提到“所有生物鐘都有一個(gè)控制其行為的內(nèi)在生物鐘”（Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior），接著提到生物鐘告訴植物什么時(shí)候開(kāi)花。告訴動(dòng)物什么時(shí)候進(jìn)食，什么時(shí)候睡覺(jué)和清醒，這些都說(shuō)明生物鐘能夠引導(dǎo)動(dòng)植物的生理機(jī)能，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“法國(guó)科學(xué)家觀察到植物在何種情況下依然會(huì)遵循開(kāi)與收的循環(huán)？”文章第二段提到“即使把這株植物放在一個(gè)全黑的環(huán)境，它依然會(huì)遵循這個(gè)規(guī)律”（Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime），因此，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第四段‘他們可以自由按照自己的生物規(guī)律生活’意味著什么？”文章第四段第一句提到“一位美國(guó)醫(yī)生建立了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室來(lái)研究我們的生物鐘如何運(yùn)作”（AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“他們可以按照自己的生物鐘而不用參考人為制造的時(shí)鐘來(lái)生活”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在威茨曼先生的試驗(yàn)里，負(fù)責(zé)的醫(yī)生同樣也不按照時(shí)鐘的時(shí)間工作的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到“他們（醫(yī)生）每天工作時(shí)間一樣不允許戴手表，所以實(shí)驗(yàn)室的人都沒(méi)有時(shí)間概念”（Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis），選項(xiàng)C“為了防止他向其他人暗示時(shí)間”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“威茨曼先生建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室的最終目的是什么？”文章第四段最后一句提到“威茨曼先生希望他的研究能夠?qū)ΤＲ?jiàn)的睡眠問(wèn)題、變老引起的失眠和精神疾病有治療效果”（Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness），選項(xiàng)C“他想找到一種治療疾病的方法”符合題意。

10.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開(kāi)始講述了19世紀(jì)攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù)，并把繪畫和攝影作比較，來(lái)反駁否定攝影的論點(diǎn)，第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門藝術(shù)，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫進(jìn)行舉例，證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù)，最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會(huì)使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知，文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，所以C項(xiàng)“解釋當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“定義現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項(xiàng)“解釋攝影是如何成為一門藝術(shù)的”和D項(xiàng)“定義當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法，并評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”都只是部分提及。因