書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于_______。A選項(xiàng)“人類經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，B選項(xiàng)“非人類動(dòng)物經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，C選項(xiàng)“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)整體的內(nèi)在價(jià)值”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)關(guān)于內(nèi)在價(jià)值本質(zhì)的古老倫理問(wèn)題”,前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要問(wèn)題的所在，而第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在第二句話中就點(diǎn)了出來(lái)，前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的展開(kāi)說(shuō)明，故D是正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。題干：我們不欠后代任何東西________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句話Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（從倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)或道德自我主義者的角度來(lái)看，答案似乎是：什么都不虧欠。），可知，B選項(xiàng)“倫理學(xué)的社會(huì)契約觀點(diǎn)”，是正確的。文章并沒(méi)有提及作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在作者的觀點(diǎn)看來(lái)”排除。從文章第二段第五句話Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多數(shù)倫理理論確實(shí)考慮到了后代的利益。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，功利主義者不會(huì)認(rèn)為，后代成員還不存在這一事實(shí)，是我們對(duì)后代利益的考慮少于我們對(duì)自己利益考慮的任何理由。），所以C選項(xiàng)“功利主義者”排除。環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者也認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該為后代考慮，所以D選線項(xiàng)“環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者”排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：我們采取的人口政策被認(rèn)為是_______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句話明確指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，問(wèn)題會(huì)變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜），所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)文章，最適宜的人口數(shù)量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合適的人口數(shù)量的問(wèn)題。用兩個(gè)問(wèn)句提出對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的兩種可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口規(guī)模上，平均福利水平會(huì)盡可能高嗎？或者是總福利的規(guī)模——平均乘以人口的數(shù)量——盡可能大？)，并在結(jié)尾的最后一句話中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（這一問(wèn)題仍是應(yīng)用倫理學(xué)中最令人不解的謎之一。），其意就是仍有待于將來(lái)解決，所以C選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)只能留到將來(lái)解決哲學(xué)問(wèn)題”是正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指平均福利水平盡可能高的人口規(guī)?！?，B選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量指福利總額最大的人口規(guī)?！?，A，B選項(xiàng)都是文章提出的問(wèn)題，未被證實(shí)，所以不正確，D選項(xiàng)“最適宜的人口數(shù)量是一個(gè)困難的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題，德里克?帕菲特在《理性與人》中成功地解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題”德里克?帕菲特只是在書中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并沒(méi)有解決，所以D選項(xiàng)不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：最適合文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是________。本文主要討論的并不是環(huán)境問(wèn)題，而是由環(huán)境問(wèn)題而引出的道德問(wèn)題，A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用道德中的謎”是最后一段提到的，B選項(xiàng)是“我們對(duì)下一代的責(zé)任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想內(nèi)容。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境倫理”。

2.單選題

Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorexpresstheemotionthatit（

）inhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflects

B.retains

C.radiates

D.rouses

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reflect“反射（光、熱、聲或影像）”；B選項(xiàng)retain“保持”；C選項(xiàng)radiate“輻射，發(fā)射”；D選項(xiàng)rouse“喚醒，激起（某種情感）”。句中的it指代前面的sunset，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知選D，表示“theemotionthatitrouses（日落激起的情感）”。句意：一個(gè)年輕人看到日落，無(wú)法理解或表達(dá)它在他心中激起的情感，他得出結(jié)論，日落想必是通往遙遠(yuǎn)世界的大門。

3.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favorable“有利的，良好的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)測(cè)的”；C選項(xiàng)dependable“可靠的，可信賴的”；D選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的”。句意：隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化，結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

5.翻譯題

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這是滿足人的生理和（在一定限度內(nèi)）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部門提供，也可以不提供。就業(yè)本身就是一種手段，工資、工作條件和福利也是如此。通過(guò)這些手段，只要一個(gè)人在為生存而掙扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【參考譯文】它可以創(chuàng)造這樣的條件，鼓勵(lì)并使他能夠?yàn)樽约簩で筮@樣的滿足，也可以通過(guò)不創(chuàng)造這些條件來(lái)阻撓他。

3.【參考譯文】但是，通過(guò)滿足低層需求，管理者喪失了使用激勵(lì)器的能力，而傳統(tǒng)理論已將其作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、承諾、激勵(lì)或威脅以及其他強(qiáng)制性手段所依賴的手段。

4.【參考譯文】不管是硬還是軟，通過(guò)方向和控制進(jìn)行管理的哲學(xué)都無(wú)法激發(fā)人們的積極性，因?yàn)槿缃襁@種方法所依賴的人類需求已不再是行為的重要推動(dòng)者。

5.【參考譯文】人們被剝奪了在工作中滿足現(xiàn)在對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要的需求的機(jī)會(huì)，他們表現(xiàn)得恰如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，表現(xiàn)為懶惰、消極、抵制變革、缺乏責(zé)任感、樂(lè)于追隨煽動(dòng)者、對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的不合理要求。

6.單選題

（）peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared“自命的，自稱的”；self-conscious“自覺(jué)的，自發(fā)的”；self-motivated“自我激勵(lì)的，有上進(jìn)心的”。句意：有上進(jìn)心的人往往能在工作中找到意義，他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力，樂(lè)于幫助同事，營(yíng)造和諧的工作氛圍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Togovernistochoosehowtherevenueraisedfromtaxesisspent.Sofarsogood,orbad.Butsomepeopleearnmoremoneythanothers.Shouldtheypayproportionatelymoremoneytothegovernmentthanthosewhoearnless?Andiftheydopaymoremoneyaretheyentitledtomoreservicesthanthosewhopaylessorthosewhopaynothingatall?Andshouldthosewhopaynothingatallbecausetheyhavenothinggetanything?Thesemattersareofirritableconcerntoourrulers,andofsomepoignancytotherest.

AlthoughtheequalityofeachcitizenbeforethelawistherockuponwhichtheAmeri-canConstitutionrests,economicequalityhasneverbeenanAmericanideal.Infact,itistheoneunmentionablesubjectinourpolitics,asthesenatorfromSouthDakotarecentlydiscoveredwhenhecameupwithafewquasi-egalitariantaxreforms.ThefuriousandenduringterrorofCommunisminAmericaisnotentirelytheworkofthoseearlycoldwarriorsTrumanandAcheson.Adislikeofeconomicequalityissomethingdeep-grainedintheAmericanProtestantcharacter.Afterall,givenarichemptycontinentforvigorousEuropeanstoexploit,anymanofgumptioncouldmakehimselfagoodliving.Withextrahardwork,anymancouldmakehimselfafortune,provingthathewasabettermanthantherest.LongbeforeDarwintheAmericanethoswasDarwinian.

ThevisionoftherichemptycontinentisstillapartoftheAmericanunconsciousinspiteoftheGreatCrowdinganditsattendantmiseries;andthislingeringbeliefthatintheheavenanymancanmakeforhimselfthroughhardworkandcleanlivingisakeytothemajority’sprevailingandapparentlyunalterablehatredofthepoor,keptoutofsightathome,outofmindabroad.

Yettherehasbeen,fromthebeginning,asignificantdivisioninourrulingclass.TheearlyThomasJeffersonhadadream:asocietyofhonestveomen,engagedinagriculturalpursuits,withoutlargecities,heavyindustry,banks,militarypretensions.Theearly(andthelate)AlexanderHamiltonwantedindustry,bankscitiesandamilitaryforcecapableofmakingitselffeltinworldpolitics.Itisaniceironythatsomanyoftoday’slaissez-faireconservativesthinkthattheydescendfromHamilton,theproponentofastrongfederalgovernment,andthatsomanyliberalsbelievethemselvestobetheheirsoftheearlyJefferson,whowantedlittlemorethanapoliceforceandajudiciary.Alwayspractical,Jeffersonknewthatcertainmenwouldrisethroughtheirowngoodeffortswhile,sadly,otherswouldfall.GovernmentwoulddonomorethanobservethisDarwinianspectaclebenignly,andprovidenosuccor.

In1800theHamitonianviewwasrejectedbythepeopleandtheirnewPresidentThomasJefferson.Fouryearslater,theHamiltonianviewhadprevailedandwasendorsedbythereelectedJefferson.Between1800and1805Jeffersonhadseentoitthatanempireinpossehadbecomeanempireinesse.ThedifferencebetweenJeffersonIandJeffersonIIisreflectedinthetwoinauguraladdresses.

ItissignificantthatnothingmoreelevatedthangreedchangedtheDr.JekyllofJeffersonIintotheMr.HydeofJeffersonII.Likehislessthoughtfulcountrymen,Jeffersoncouldnotresistadeal.SubvertingtheConstitutionhehadhelpedcreate,JeffersonboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,acquiringitscitizenswithouttheirconsents.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence.

Inthecourseofland-grabbing,JeffersonIImanagedtogethimselfintohotwaterwithFrance,England,andSpainsimultaneously，afairlyastonishingthingtodoconsideringthestateofpoliticsinNapoleonicEurope.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatAmericans

（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,wemayassumethatthesenatorfromSouthDakota

（

）.

3.Jeffersonmadeitpossiblefor

（

）.

4.Jefferson’searlypoliticalwritingsespousedwhatwouldtodaybecalled

（

）.

5.TheauthorholdsthatJefferson’spurchaseoftheLouisianaterritories（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stillbelieveAmericatobelargelyunpopulated

B.largelybelieveinlowertaxation

C.areinfavoroftaxationwithoutrepresentation

D.shouldreconsidertheLouisianapurchase

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.opposedtaxreform

B.wasThomasJefferson

C.failedinhisattempttoreformtaxlaw

D.wasAlexanderHamilton

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.apotentialempiretobecomearealone

B.taxlawstoreflectthewillofthepeople

C.France,England,andSpaintosimultaneouslyvacillateupontheirmutualfeelingstowardstheUnitedStates.

D.Darwiniansocialtheoriestobeacceptedwithoutquestion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.collectivism

B.libertarianism

C.socialism

D.liberalism

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.maybeseenasahypocriticalact

B.rigorouslyheldwithhispreviousviewsofinalienablerights

C.cannotbeseenasanactofempire-expansion

D.wasanactmeanttolowertaxesandimprovethewealthofthenation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第三段中提到“ThevisionoftherichemptycontinentisstillapartoftheAmericanunconsciousinspiteoftheGreatCrowdinganditsattendantmiseries”，說(shuō)明在美國(guó)人無(wú)意識(shí)的想象中，他們所處的大陸依然是富饒而空無(wú)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“仍然相信美國(guó)大部分地區(qū)無(wú)人居住”符合題意。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段，文中提到“…economicequalityhasneverbeenanAmericanideal.Infact,itistheoneunmentionablesubjectinourpolitics,asthesenatorfromSouthDakotarecentlydiscoveredwhenhecameupwithafewquasi-egalitariantaxreforms.”由此可知，美國(guó)人的理想中從未包括經(jīng)濟(jì)平等，這是政治上一個(gè)難以啟齒的話題，而這些是這個(gè)參議員在他提出幾項(xiàng)類似平等的稅收改革時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。由此可以推斷，參議員的稅收改革失敗了，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段，文中提到“Between1800and1805Jeffersonhadseentoitthatanempireinpossehadbecomeanempireinesse”，杰斐遜注意到，一個(gè)潛在的帝國(guó)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)真正的帝國(guó)。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第六段中提到“TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence.”《獨(dú)立宣言》的作者杰斐遜完全忘記了公民的不可剝奪的權(quán)利，在著作《獨(dú)立宣言》時(shí)卻把這一點(diǎn)放在最重要的地位，那就是liberalism“自由主義”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干定位到文章第六段，“SubvertingtheConstitutionhehadhelpedcreate,JeffersonboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,acquiringitscitizenswithouttheirconsents.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependencewasquiteabletoforgettheunalienablerightsofanyonewhosepropertyhethoughtshouldbejoinedtoourempire—awordwhichcropsupfrequentlyandunselfconsciouslyinhiscorrespondence”，杰斐遜推翻了他幫助制定的憲法，從拿破侖那買下了路易斯安那州，忘記了公民不可剝奪的權(quán)利······。作者認(rèn)為這“被看作一種偽善的行為”，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethepackagewas（

）

,thedamagewaspaidfor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensured

B.insured

C.assured

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】句意:因?yàn)榘读吮ｋU(xiǎn)，所以損失已經(jīng)賠償了。只有選項(xiàng)B表示被保險(xiǎn)，所以正確。

10.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期望的在社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

11.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

12.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，做hehad的賓語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)填that從而構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+that/who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人）+其他部分。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年輕時(shí)所受的訓(xùn)練使他成為如此優(yōu)秀的工程師。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Marry（

）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldn’thavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】句意:瑪麗應(yīng)該沒(méi)有收到我的信，不然她應(yīng)該己經(jīng)給我回信的。

語(yǔ)法題。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由關(guān)鍵信息otherwise(否則)可知“Marrymyletter”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。故選C,couldn’thavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的否定猜測(cè)。

14.單選題

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby（

）.

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

（

）.

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

（

）.

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

（

）.

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“調(diào)查表明在40年民眾對(duì)美國(guó)政府的信心下降了多少？”根據(jù)文章第二段可知現(xiàn)在是1995年，說(shuō)明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人認(rèn)為大政府對(duì)國(guó)家未來(lái)的威脅最大。而1954年只有16%人認(rèn)為大政府有威脅（A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices），由此可知國(guó)民對(duì)政府的信心下降了51%。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在大蕭條時(shí)期前美國(guó)政府在民眾的心中是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我們又回到了大蕭條時(shí)期美國(guó)人對(duì)華盛頓本能的謹(jǐn)慎”（We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression），說(shuō)明在大蕭條時(shí)期政府在民眾心中的地位就低，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第六段提到89%的人認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)把事情搞砸（Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.詞義題。文章第五段第一句提到在樣本中，62%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為政客的道德和誠(chéng)實(shí)度已經(jīng)下降（OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen），以及比起通過(guò)好的法規(guī)，議員們花更多的時(shí)間在他們的政治前途上嗎？（Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?）可知這里的政治前途指的是權(quán)利地位，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到由于年齡較大的人在工作中更穩(wěn)定，他們往往更滿意（sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英國(guó)知更鳥(niǎo)是一種小鳥(niǎo),但在美國(guó)它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類；counterpart相似物；analogy類比,類似；category種類,分類。選項(xiàng)A形容生物種類,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

TheUnitedKingdomhasanextraordinarilyrichanddiverseartisticheritage,withBritishpoets,playwrights,musicians,sculptors,pa