書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川文理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Vostokisclosetothecoldestspotintheworld,wherean______minus128.6Fwasrecordedin1983.

問題1選項

A.unreliable

B.extra

C.impossible

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unreliable“不可靠的，靠不住的”；extra“額外的”；impossible“不可能的”；incredible“難以置信的”。句意：Vostok靠近世界上最冷的地方，在1983年的記錄中到達了難以置信的零下128.6華攝氏度。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent（）music.

問題1選項

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。talentfor“天才；有……的天賦”，其他選項都沒有這種搭配。句意：她在很小的時候就顯示出音樂天賦。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Fatherdoesnotlike（

）meat.

問題1選項

A.lean

B.slim

C.skinny

D.slender

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意：父親不喜歡瘦肉。只有選項A能與meat搭配，其他選項只能修飾人。

4.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.

AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.

ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth’sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.

Ofcourse,itwillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithit.

Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.

Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjusticeasthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theanalogybetweentheentireplanetandthehumanbodyisbasedonallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisNOTtrueaboutthepopulationintheworld?

4.In“Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice”(lastparagraph),whichofthefollowingdoes“this”referto?

5.“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”(12thparagraph)means______.

問題1選項

A.Ittooktheuniverse5billionyearstoformtheearth.

B.Evaporation,condensation,solution,weatheringarefourmajorfactorsthatcontributedtotheformationoftheearth.

C.Lifeformswerefirstdevelopedindeepwaterbetween2billionand3billionyearsago.

D.Lifeisasmuch,partofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionisandinreverse,theinanimateportionoftheEarthisshapedandmodifiedbylife.

問題2選項

A.Theyarebothcomposedofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions.

B.Theyarebothenormouslyintricateandinterrelatedsystems.

C.Theyarebothmadeupof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.

D.Theiroverallgrowthmaybedisruptedifagroupofcellsoraparticulartypeoforganismbeginstogrowwithoutlimit.

問題3選項

A.Forthousandsofyears,humanpopulationhasbeenincreasinginnumber.

B.AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,humanpopulationwasincreasingslowly.

C.Today,theEarth’spopulationisestimatedtodoublein35years.

D.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthoftheEarth’spopulationwillneverstop.

問題4選項

A.Thehumanpopulationexplosionbeingstopped.

B.Raisingthedeathrateorloweringthebirthrate.

C.Thedeathraterisingspontaneouslyandcatastrophically.

D.Reductionofthebirthrate.

問題5選項

A.Thebalancedandinterrelateddevelopmentofanorgan.

B.Thepurecostofdevelopmentwithinorganism.

C.Theveryslowdevelopmentwithinorganism.

D.Therapiddevelopmentoforganism.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？”根據(jù)第二段第一句TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.（地球自從呈現(xiàn)目前的形狀近50億年以來，已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一次巨大的演化）可知，50億年前地球初步形成，并非地球花了50億年才形成，A項“宇宙花了50億年才形成了地球”錯誤；由第三段前兩句Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.（海洋、大氣和固體地殼在形成后也不是相互獨立的。總是有相互作用：蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化。）可知，蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化只是地球形成后海洋、大氣層以及地殼之間作用的形式，而不是地球形成的因素，B項“蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化是促成地球形成的四個主要因素”錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.（在20億到30億年前，部分地表水沐浴在太陽的高能輻射下，發(fā)展出結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、功能豐富的化合物，可以稱得上是我們所說的“生命”。）可知，生命的形式是在地球表面發(fā)展來的，C項“生命形式最初是在20億到30億年前的深水中發(fā)展起來的”錯誤；根據(jù)第五段第一句ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.（但是生命形式是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，就像任何無生命的部分一樣）和第六段首句Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.（反之亦然，地球上無生命的部分是由生命塑造的）可知，D項“生命和任何無生命的部分一樣，都是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，反過來說，地球的無生命部分是由生命塑造和修改的”正確。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的說法，整個地球和人體之間的類比是基于以下幾個，除了……？”。根據(jù)文章的第七段Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).（整個地球，加上太陽能，是一個龐大而錯綜復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。整個地球是一種由無生命部分和各種各樣的生命部分組成的生命形式，就像我們自己的身體是由骨頭中的無生命晶體和血液中的無生命水，以及各種各樣的生命部分組成。）和第八段Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.（事實上，我們可以進行類比。一個人由50萬億個不同類型的細胞組成，它們都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)、相互依賴的。失去其中一些細胞，比如構(gòu)成一個整體的細胞，將嚴重阻礙整個有機體的其他部分：一個器官中相對少數(shù)的細胞受到嚴重損害，如心臟或腎臟，可能會導(dǎo)致50萬億個細胞全部死亡。）可知，A項“它們都是由無生命部分和各種各樣的生命部分組成”、B項“它們都是非常復(fù)雜和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)”和D項“如果一組細胞或某種生物體開始無限制地生長，它們的整體生長可能會受到干擾”是符合文意的；C項“它們都是由50萬億個不同類型的細胞組成的，都是相互聯(lián)系和相互依賴的”是人體的一個特點，并不是地球的。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，關(guān)于世界人口，哪些是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第十五段的內(nèi)容：AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.（在凱撒時代，地球人口估計有1.5億，如果這個速度保持不變，人口將在1000年內(nèi)增長一倍。今天，地球上的人口估計約為40億，它的增長速度如果穩(wěn)定的話，將使其在35年內(nèi)翻一番。）可知，A項“幾千年來，人類人口一直在增加”和C項“今天，地球的人口估計在35年內(nèi)翻一番”正確；文中提到如果按凱撒時代的人口增長速度，在1000年內(nèi)人口將增長一倍，即2億，但如今地球上人口是40億，是凱撒時代的26倍，所以B項“在凱撒大帝時期，人口增長緩慢”正確；D項“如果我們什么都不做，地球人口的增長將永遠不會停止”文章并未提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“最后一段‘如果做不到這一點，人類就會站在抽象的正義面前’中的‘這個’指的是什么？”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.（怎樣才能阻止人口爆炸？通過提高死亡率或降低出生率。沒有其他選擇。如果我們什么都不做，死亡率會自然上升，最終導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果，而且是在幾十年內(nèi)。無論如何，降低出生率肯定是可取的，因此這是當(dāng)今人類的首要任務(wù)。）可知，倒數(shù)第二段主要闡述我們需要降低出生率或者提高死亡率來阻止人口爆炸，但無論如何降低出生率肯定是可取的；接著最后一段就說如果我們做不到這點，人類就會成為大屠殺者；綜合推斷可知，“this”指的是降低出生率，D項“降低出生率”正確；A項“人口爆炸停止了”，文章并沒有說人口爆炸停止，而是建議采取措施阻止人口爆炸；B項“提高死亡率或降低出生率”，文中沒有提到提高死亡率肯定是可取的，且最后一段講到如果我們不降低出生率，那么人類就會成為屠殺者，所以可以看出提高死亡率實不可取的；C項“死亡率自發(fā)地、災(zāi)難性地上升”也不符合段落前后邏輯。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第十二段中的‘Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism’是什么意思？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第十二段：Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.（在一個有機體中，比如人類，凈增長有時候會受到干擾，一群細胞開始無限制地增長，原因我們尚且不知。這是一種可怕的癌癥，除非這一生長的細胞群以某種方式停止生長，否則這種瘋狂的生長將破壞所有的身體結(jié)構(gòu)，最終殺死生物體本身。），結(jié)合上一段講到了生物之間的相互依存關(guān)系，綜合可以推斷，“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”指的是機體內(nèi)部的良性發(fā)展，A項“機體的平衡和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的發(fā)展”正確；B項“有機體內(nèi)部發(fā)展的純代價”、C項“有機體內(nèi)部的緩慢發(fā)展”和D項“有機體的快速發(fā)展”表述都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.單選題

13.

問題1選項

A.Youmayfindmanyofthemonthebookseller’shelves.

B.Youcanbuyitfromalmosteverybookstore.

C.It’saverypopularmagazine.

D.Itdoesn’tsellverywell.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HaveyouheardofthemagazineTheWorldofEnglish?

W:Ofcourse.ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutTheWorldofEnglish?

【解析】固定詞組。女士說：ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves，即WorldofEnglish是熱銷英語雜志之一。

6.寫作題

WritealettertothedeanofadepartmentofauniversityintheUnitedStates,applyingforadmittancetothedepartmentasavisitingscholar.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Thecontentsincludewhatyouaregoingtodointhedepartment,andtheexplanationofthesourceofyourlivingexpenses.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam,

MynameisLiMing.IamayoungteacherofEnglishfromWuhanUniversityofTechnology.IhavebeendevotingmyselftotranslationfromChineseintoEnglishandviceversaforquitealongtimeandhavepublishedalargenumberoftranslatedtexts.Butinmyowneyes,theyarefarfromperfect.Whyaretheyimperfect?Ithinktheyresultfromalackoftheguidanceoftranslationtheories,especiallyWesternones,whichwillundoubtedlydogoodtomyteachingcareerinChina.Undersuchcircumstances,IwishtofurthermyresearchbybeingavisitingscholarofyouruniversitybecauseIthinkhighlyofitsexcellentacademicatmosphere.Whenitcomestofinancialsupport,ChinaScholarshipCouncilhasdecidedtoprovidemewithscholarshipneededtostudyabroad.

IwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldacceptmeasavisitingscholarandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

7.單選題

Ifpeopledidn'tperspire,theywoulddieinfiveminutes.

問題1選項

A.breathe

B.eat

C.sweat

D.drink

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果人們不流汗，他們將在五分鐘內(nèi)死去。perspire意為使排汗，分泌出。只有選項C與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theirobsessionwithconsumption.

B.Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.

C.Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.

D.Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.

問題2選項

A.Thingsthatareraretofind.

B.Thingsthatcostlessmoney.

C.Thingsthatboostefficiency.

D.Thingsthatwecherishmost.

問題3選項

A.Theyservemultiplepurposes.

B.Theybenefittheenvironment.

C.Theyaremostlydurable.

D.Theyareeasilydisposable.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingOne

DidyouknowthatAmericanshaveapproximatelythreetimestheamountofspacewehavefiftyyearsago?Therefore,you’dthinkwe’dhavesufficientroomforallofourpossessions.Onthecontrary,thepersonalstoragebusinessisnowagrowingindustry.We’vegottriplethespace,but[16]we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumersthatwerequireevenmore.Thisphenomenonhasresultedinsignificantcreditcarddebt,enormousenvironmentalfootprints,andperhapsnotcoincidentally,ourhappinesslevelshavefailedtoincreaseoverthesamehalfcentury.

I’mheretosuggestanalternative—thathavinglessmightactuallybeapreferabledecision.Manyofushaveexperienced,atsomestage,thepleasureofpossessingless.Iproposethatlessstuffandlessspacecannotonlyhelpyoueconomize,butalsosimplifyyourlife.IrecentlystartedaninnovativeprojecttodiscoversomecreativesolutionsthatofferedmeeverythingIrequired.Bypurchasinganapartmentthatwas40squaremetersinsteadof60,Iimmediatelysaved$200,000.Smallerspaceleadstoreducedutilitybillsandalsoasmallercarbonfootprintbecauseit’sdesignedaroundaneditedcollectionofpossessions,limitedtomyfavoritestuff.I’mreallyexcitedtolivethere.

Howcanwelivemorebasically?Firstly,wemustruthlesslycuttheunnecessaryobjectsoutofourlives.Tostemconsumption,weshouldthinkbeforewebuy,andaskourselves,“willittrulymakemehappier?”O(jiān)bviously,weshouldpossesssomegreatstuff,[17]butwewantbelongingsthatwe’regoingtoloveforyears.Secondly,werequirespaceefficiency.Wewantappliancesthataredesignedforusemostofthetime,notforoccasionaluse.Whyownasix-burnerstovewhenyourarelyuseeventhreeburners?Finally,[18]weneedmultifunctionalspacesandhousewares.Icombinedamovablewallwithtransformingfurnituretogetmoreoutofmylimitedspace.Considermycoffeetable.Itincreasesinsizetoaccommodateten.Myofficeistuggedaway,easilyhidden.Mybedsimplypopsoutthewall.Forgas,IcanrelocatethemovablewallandutilizethefoldableguestbedsIinstalled.

I’mnotsaying,weshouldallliveintinierapartments,butconsiderthebenefitsofaneditedlife.Whenyoureturnhomeandwalkthroughyourfrontdoor,takeamomenttoaskyourselves,“couldIdowithalittlelifeediting?Willthatgivememorefreedomandmoretime?”

16.WhathaspreventedAmericanshappinesslevelsfromincreasing?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么阻礙了美國人幸福水平的提高？錄音提到，這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了大量的信用卡債務(wù)……而且也許并非巧合的是，我們的幸福水平在過去的半個世紀里并沒有提高。這一現(xiàn)象即上一句提到的：我們已經(jīng)成為如此熱情的消費者。A選項“他們（美國人）對消費的癡迷”是對原文we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。B選項“他們沒有積累財富”和C項“日益增長的住房成本”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項“環(huán)境的惡化”，利用environment設(shè)置干擾，錄音原文所說的是大量環(huán)境足跡而不是環(huán)境惡化，因此D選項不正確。

17.Whatthingsshouldwepossessaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)說話者的說法，我們應(yīng)該擁有哪些東西？錄音中說話者提到：顯然，我們應(yīng)該擁有一些很棒的東西，但我們想要的是能讓我們喜歡多年的東西。因此D選項“我們最珍惜的東西”正確。A選項“很難找到的東西”和B選項“花費較少的東西”在錄音中并未提及；C選項“能提高效率的東西”，利用錄音中的efficiency設(shè)置干擾，錄音中只是提到我們需要空間效率，選項與原文表述不符，因此排除。

18.Whatdowelearnabouttheitemsinthespeaker’shome?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問我們從說話者家里的物品中了解到什么？錄音中提到說話人認為我們需要更多的空間以及多功能的家庭用品，接著講述了自己家里的物品，他把活動墻和改造家具結(jié)合起來，讓有限的空間得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多種用途，因此A選項正確。B選項“它們對環(huán)境有益”；C選項“它們大多是耐用的”；D選項“它們很容易被丟棄”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

9.單選題

Actually,recyclingisoneoftheleastimportantthingswecando,ifourreal（）istopreservenaturalresources.

問題1選項

A.subjection

B.objective

C.excitement

D.inclusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。subjection“隸屬，服從，征服”；objective“目的，目標(biāo)”；excitement“興奮，刺激”；inclusion“包含，內(nèi)含物”。句意：事實上，回收利用是我們能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我們的真正（）是保護自然資源的話。由不定式topreservenaturalresources可知這是一種目的，故B項正確。

10.翻譯題

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商務(wù)活動對于一個國家及其人民來說，無論怎么強調(diào)它的重要性都不過分。在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展取決于出口貿(mào)易的增長，而出口貿(mào)易反過來又能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會并提高生活水平。由于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而增加的對進口物資的需求，這種需求必須以某種方式從外匯交易、出口收入和對外投資中獲得資金。沒有出口的有力擴張，國家的經(jīng)濟增長速度肯定會放慢。作為一名商務(wù)代表，你們的目標(biāo)從廣泛意義上來說顯然是盡最大努力提高你們國家的出口創(chuàng)匯能力。

駐外商務(wù)代表本身是一種職業(yè)，這是早就應(yīng)該承認的事實，其成功與否與商務(wù)代表的慎重選擇息息相關(guān)。是否有正規(guī)教育和專門訓(xùn)練的水平和內(nèi)容、他們過去的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗的多少和內(nèi)容，以及他們能從國內(nèi)貿(mào)易促進組織(TPO)或商務(wù)部獲得的什么樣的支持，這些都是應(yīng)該考慮的內(nèi)容。

11.單選題

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

問題2選項

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

問題3選項

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

問題4選項

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要討論了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸濃度對紅細胞發(fā)育的影響

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioningB.信使核糖核苷酸的合成和降解在細胞功能中的作用

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNAC.基因被轉(zhuǎn)換成信使核糖核苷酸的機制

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasmD.細胞核和細胞質(zhì)中信使核糖核苷酸濃度的差異

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章在第一段在第一句“當(dāng)編碼蛋白質(zhì)的基因被激活時，蛋白質(zhì)合成就開始了（Proteinsy