書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Platosuggestedmemorywasanalogous[A]totheimpressionofmessagesonwax[B]writingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogousto[C]trytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,[D]namelythatitisselective.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.writing

C.trytorecall

D.namely

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。C選項(xiàng)前的beanalogousto“類似于……”，后面的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或者代詞，應(yīng)將try改為trying。

2.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanimprovepeople'smood

B.Itmaycauseweightloss

C.itcanincreasetheinsulinsensitivity

D.Itmaycauseabnormalbloodsugar

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ltcanresetthebody'smetabolicclock

B.Itcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclack

C.ltmayreducetheriskofdiabetes

D.Itmayincreaseinsulinsensitivity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Emphasizetheimportanceofrecoverysleep

B.Emphasizetheimportanceofsufficientsleep

C.Therelationshipbetweensleepandhealth

D.Theeffectsofcycleofsufficientandinsufficientsleeptohealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:由文中可知，充足和不充足的睡眠周期會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加、胰島素敏感性下降，血糖異常，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:它不能重置身體的新陳代謝。最后一句說到“Theso-calledrecoverysleepcannotresetthebody'smetabolicclock（所謂的恢復(fù)性睡眠不能重置身體的新陳代謝時(shí)鐘）”，因此恢復(fù)性睡眠并不能重置身體的新陳代謝。B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:本篇短文說到的睡眠不足和睡眠充足和健康之間的關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acclaimed“稱贊；為……喝彩，向……歡呼”；B選項(xiàng)declaimed“慷慨陳詞；演講；朗讀”；C選項(xiàng)proclaimed“宣告，公布；聲明；表明；贊揚(yáng)”；D選項(xiàng)exclaimed“（由于強(qiáng)烈的情感或痛苦而）驚叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的婦女都___這個(gè)嬰兒發(fā)育得多么好。本句表達(dá)“婦女稱贊嬰兒發(fā)育的好”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Habitscanbeconsciouslystrengthened,aswhenastudentoftheviolinpracticesandmemorizesdifferentfingerings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveniently

B.lastingly

C.intentionally

D.robustly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consciously表示“自覺地，有意識(shí)的”。A項(xiàng)conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B項(xiàng)lastingly“持續(xù)地”，C項(xiàng)intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D項(xiàng)robustly“粗魯?shù)?，?jiān)定地”。句意：習(xí)慣可以有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)，就像一個(gè)學(xué)小提琴的學(xué)生練習(xí)和記憶不同的指法一樣。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

5.單選題

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】句意:討論中，雙方未達(dá)成協(xié)議，因?yàn)殡p方都不愿意讓步。

代詞辨析。由句中neitherside推斷出有兩方，兩方中另一方用theother。

6.單選題

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960’sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitats,andtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport;groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmental;standardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.Itwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationsrangingfromasmallnumberofwell-fundedhigh-profilenationalandinternationalorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialinterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentalprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment,itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.managing

C.supporting

D.motivating

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.led

C.conceived

D.modified

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?31.這篇文章主要關(guān)注以下哪一點(diǎn)？

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.A.地球日對(duì)環(huán)境運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.B.如何保護(hù)地球環(huán)境。

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.C.環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)及其起源。

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.D.環(huán)境保護(hù)署保護(hù)自然資源的成功。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段先分析早期沒有環(huán)保意識(shí)時(shí)的狀況，然后談到對(duì)于環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的重視；接著中間兩段講述了各個(gè)團(tuán)體共同合作才開始有環(huán)保工作的開始；最后一段涉及了環(huán)保事業(yè)的一些批評(píng)。全文的主題詞就是“environmentalprotection”，所以本文主要關(guān)注的是環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)以及它的起源，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)只在文中某一段提到，并不全面，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文，文章并沒有就這個(gè)問題展開論述。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

32.第二段中的單詞spurring的意思最接近______。

A.opposingA.反對(duì)

B.managingB.管理

C.supportingC.支持

D.motivatingD.激勵(lì)

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】定位第二段第二句“迅速擴(kuò)大的發(fā)展壓力也spurring人們努力去保護(hù)獨(dú)特的土地和受到威脅的野生動(dòng)物棲息地，并在它們滅絕之前保護(hù)它們所支持的瀕危物種”，根據(jù)前后詞語pressures和effortstodo，可推測(cè)，是“壓力促使人們努力去做某事”，所以spurring與“促使”的意思相近，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)明顯與文意不符，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)表述也不正確，壓力對(duì)于去做某事的努力不太可能是“支持”，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?33.根據(jù)第二段，為什么環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)如此廣泛地成功？

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.A.它保護(hù)人們關(guān)心的植物和動(dòng)物。

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.B.它在地方一級(jí)運(yùn)作良好。

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.C.它投票把沒有同情心的政客趕下臺(tái)。

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.D.它強(qiáng)制批準(zhǔn)重要的國(guó)家法律。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位到第二段第三句“人們普遍認(rèn)為，環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)之所以如此成功，是因?yàn)樗玫搅巳罕姷闹С郑╥tsgrassrootssupport）；數(shù)百個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的積極分子主動(dòng)清理自己的社區(qū)”，可知，環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)廣泛地成功是因?yàn)榈玫搅嘶鶎尤巳旱拇罅χС郑訠項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位第二段最后一句“在20世紀(jì)70年代，這種地方行動(dòng)主義加強(qiáng)了（localactivismreinforcedsupport）對(duì)國(guó)家層面關(guān)鍵法律的通過的支持”可知，并不是環(huán)保主義使得國(guó)家層面關(guān)鍵法律被通過，并且forced用詞也很不恰當(dāng)，屬于曲解原文。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.34.第三段中spearheaded一詞最好用______代替。

A.inspiredA.鼓舞

B.ledB.導(dǎo)致，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

C.conceivedC.構(gòu)思，設(shè)想

D.modifiedD.修改

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】定位第三段第二句“環(huán)境保護(hù)署spearheaded當(dāng)代許多保護(hù)環(huán)境努力，但它并不是單獨(dú)行動(dòng)”，head本來就有“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”的意思；另外，前一句提到EPA是“一個(gè)致力于恢復(fù)和保護(hù)環(huán)境的組織”，綜合推測(cè)，可知，spearhead的意思就是“帶領(lǐng)”，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合文意，屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?35.根據(jù)第四段，對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)最常見的批評(píng)是什么？

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.A.它提出了一些會(huì)損害經(jīng)濟(jì)的措施。

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.B.它的預(yù)測(cè)不能通過實(shí)際行動(dòng)加以阻止。

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.C.它缺乏取得任何真正進(jìn)展所需的支持。

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.D.它聲稱的環(huán)境破壞并沒有出現(xiàn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位最后一段第二句“對(duì)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種批評(píng)是，它聲稱對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的可怕后果的預(yù)測(cè)常常是錯(cuò)誤的”，以及第三句“環(huán)保主義者反對(duì)這種說法，指出他們的警告往往帶來了部分公眾、政府和私營(yíng)企業(yè)的變化，這些變化阻止了預(yù)測(cè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)”，可知，批評(píng)者對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的批評(píng)是，環(huán)境保護(hù)所預(yù)測(cè)的一些環(huán)境破壞帶來的可怕后果并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inaccordancewith“根據(jù)”；intermsof“就……而言”；infavorof“喜歡”；inhonorof“紀(jì)念；招待”。句意：12月25日圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個(gè)神圣的日子，為了紀(jì)念耶穌的出生。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisbadmannersto（）peoplewheretheyarespeaking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interview

B.intimate

C.interfere

D.interrupt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Interview“采訪；面試”；intimate“暗示，通知”；interfere“干涉，打擾”；interrupt“打斷，中斷，打擾”。句意：打斷他人說話是不禮貌的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discern

B.distort

C.distract

D.dazzle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近義異詞解析。discern“辨別，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思為：戴上太陽(yáng)眼鏡，否則陽(yáng)光很刺眼，會(huì)讓你看不見任何東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意

10.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokeup“分手；結(jié)束，打碎”；B選項(xiàng)breakforth“迸發(fā)；噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突圍；沖破；取得突破性成就”；D選項(xiàng)breakupon“顯露；突然出現(xiàn)”。句意：當(dāng)人們看見那位職業(yè)拳擊手四肢攤開躺在拳臺(tái)上時(shí)，場(chǎng)上爆發(fā)出歡呼聲和吶喊聲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Pleasedonotbe（）byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disregarded

B.distorted

C.irritated

D.intervened

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意，所以請(qǐng)不要因?yàn)樗牟欢Y貌而生氣。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。Disregard不顧，不理。Distort歪曲，曲解。irritate激怒，發(fā)怒。Intervene介入，干涉，阻撓，一般作不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)空格后的hisbadmanners(他的不禮貌)可判斷，C項(xiàng)正確。

12.填空題

AsianAmericanchildrenofhighschoolagegenerallyoutscoreotherstudentsontheScholastic

A

AptitudeTest.Theymakeupadisproportionatelargesegmentofstudentbodiesinthemostprominent

B

C

D

collegesanduniversities.

【答案】Cdisproportionate改為disproportionately

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】large為形容詞，應(yīng)該用副詞修飾，所以用disproportionately正確。

【句意】亞裔美國(guó)高中生在學(xué)業(yè)能力傾向測(cè)試中的得分普遍高于其他學(xué)生。在最著名的學(xué)院和大學(xué)里，他們?cè)趯W(xué)生群體中所占比例相當(dāng)大。

13.單選題

Theenvironmentalmovementis（）tothewidespreadfeelingsofsupportfornature'sinherentworth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testimony

B.hypocrisy

C.compensation

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。testimony證據(jù)，證詞；hypocrisy虛偽，偽善；compensation補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬；compassion同情，憐憫。句意：環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)證明了人們普遍支持自然的內(nèi)在價(jià)值。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.

IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.

ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.

NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.

Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.

【答案】在過去的幾年里，有關(guān)旅游業(yè)問題的報(bào)道層出不窮。然而，這并不一定是一個(gè)問題。

在瑞士阿爾卑斯地區(qū)的社區(qū)已經(jīng)明確，他們的未來取決于更有效地將旅游業(yè)與當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)合起來。

該地區(qū)的公共奶酪生產(chǎn)也出現(xiàn)了復(fù)興，為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┝瞬灰蕾囃鈦碛慰偷目煽渴杖雭碓础?/p>

僅僅限制旅游業(yè)不能解決這種不平衡，因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)新地方觀光的渴望不會(huì)消失。

現(xiàn)在問題的關(guān)鍵是，這能否成為常態(tài)，而不是例外。

15.單選題

Itisdifficultto______ofaplantoendpoverty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speculate

B.conceive

C.ponder

D.reckon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speculate“推測(cè)；推斷；投機(jī)；思索”；B選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思；以為；持有；設(shè)想；考慮”；C選項(xiàng)ponder“仔細(xì)考慮；衡量；考慮；沉思”；D選項(xiàng)reckon“測(cè)算，估計(jì)；認(rèn)為；計(jì)算；猜想，料想”。conceiveof“設(shè)想；以為；想象；構(gòu)思”。句意：想出一個(gè)消除貧困的計(jì)劃是很難的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva(唾液)slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide(硫化物).

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdrymouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus(黏液).Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

6.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“_____”.

7.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

8.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause_____.

9.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause_____.

10.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfurrichfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.詞匯推斷題。第一步，練習(xí)句中前后信息銜接，emanatefrom這個(gè)詞前后連接的是口氣和嘴里的細(xì)菌，從這里推測(cè)，是因?yàn)樽炖锏募?xì)菌所以才導(dǎo)致了口氣，但是這句話中口氣在前細(xì)菌在后，選項(xiàng)代入文意中便可排除A選項(xiàng)“在……成長(zhǎng)”、B選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致；解釋”；C、D選項(xiàng)雖然在中文中同義，但是descendfrom表示從先輩那里遺傳或者繼承過來的，不符合原文語境，所以不選D選項(xiàng)“起源于”；所以答案C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)源于”正確。

7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第一二句Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy“酗酒，說話太多，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的事物都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭。壓力也是如此，雖然不知道為什么”，第二步綜合理解，壓力屬于精神緊張的一種，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“精神壓力”。

A選項(xiàng)“牙齒問題”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“富硫食物”，定位到第三段最后一句Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide“這種細(xì)菌會(huì)散發(fā)出難聞的氣體，其中最難聞的是硫化氫”，從這里可知，不是富含硫的食物讓人有口氣，是細(xì)菌釋放出來的含硫物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致的口氣，所以B不選，這里屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)太多”，見正確選項(xiàng)，不是運(yùn)動(dòng)太多導(dǎo)致口臭，是運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候用嘴呼吸導(dǎo)致口臭，這里屬于曲解原文。

8.推理判斷題。文章定位到第五段第一句話Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath“酗酒，說話太多，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭”以及第四段第一二句話Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”“口腔細(xì)菌在沒有空氣的環(huán)境中繁殖。富含氧氣的唾液可以減少它們的數(shù)量。例如，當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，唾液流減慢，產(chǎn)生硫的細(xì)菌占了上風(fēng)，產(chǎn)生了經(jīng)典的‘早晨口氣’”，由這里可知口腔細(xì)菌在沒有空氣的環(huán)境中繁殖，唾液是減少細(xì)菌數(shù)量的利器，但當(dāng)我們口腔是處于干澀狀態(tài)的時(shí)候，口腔里的唾液流就會(huì)減慢，從而口腔細(xì)菌就繁殖起來了。酒精會(huì)導(dǎo)致口腔變干從而唾液流減慢從而細(xì)菌滋生產(chǎn)生口氣，由此可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“它影響唾液的正常流動(dòng)”。

A選項(xiàng)“它能阻止有害細(xì)菌的繁殖”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，是唾液減少細(xì)菌繁殖，不是酒精，這里屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“它的氣味增加了口臭”，文章沒有提及，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它殺死了一些有益的細(xì)菌”，文章沒有提及，屬于反向干擾。

9.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第三句話Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms“問題是，它們不一定能觸及所有有害細(xì)菌”，由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“它們無法接觸到所有有害的細(xì)菌”。

A選項(xiàng)“它們掩蓋不了難聞的氣味”，定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第五句話Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell…“這種液體可以用自己的氣味掩蓋口臭”，這里可知，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它們強(qiáng)烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起，使情況更糟”，見A選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的粘液層”，定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus“在厚厚的粘液層下，大多數(shù)細(xì)菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害”，前文有提示漱口水是可以殺死所有細(xì)菌的但是因?yàn)橛行┘?xì)菌接觸不到，所以使用者還是會(huì)有口臭問題，而細(xì)菌接觸不到的原因是因?yàn)榧?xì)菌被粘液保護(hù)著，這里是因?yàn)槭谒荒芮秩胝骋簭亩骋罕Ｗo(hù)了細(xì)菌而不是漱口水不能覆蓋粘液，所以答案D錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于曲解原文。

10.判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第五段第一句Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.“對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來說，簡(jiǎn)單的、口干的各種口臭很容易治愈”，從這里可知簡(jiǎn)單的口臭是容易治愈的，暗含著還有一種口臭是難以治愈的，第二步，尋找上下文線索，整篇文章直接開門見山指出每個(gè)人都會(huì)有口臭，接著講述引起口臭的原因，最后講到怎么治愈口臭這個(gè)問題，但是作者指出這些方法都是暫時(shí)的不徹底的，所以這里暗含著口臭其實(shí)很難根治的意味所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“口臭不容易治好”。

B選項(xiàng)“老年人對(duì)口臭的較少”定位到第六段第一句話Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，唾液的流動(dòng)會(huì)逐漸變慢，這也解釋了為什么老年人比年輕人更容易出現(xiàn)口臭問題”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“酗酒者受口臭的影響較小”，定位到第五段第一句話Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath“酗酒，說話太多，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭”，由此可知，酒精會(huì)導(dǎo)致口臭，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“口氣不佳受酒精的影響較小”，見C選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

17.單選題

Aftertheelection,anewsituationislikelyto（

）.?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rise

B.raise

C.arise

D.arouse

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。rise“上升，增強(qiáng)”；raise“提升，增加，養(yǎng)育”；arise“出現(xiàn)，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，喚醒，鼓勵(lì)”。句意：選舉之后，一種新形勢(shì)可能要出現(xiàn)了。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Thepatheticsightbroughtbittearstomyeyesagainandmademychestachewiththeweightofsuchsadness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifferent

B.pitiful

C.disgraceful

D.promising

【答案】B

【解析】上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷漠的；不關(guān)心的”；B選項(xiàng)pitiful“可憐的”；C選項(xiàng)disgraceful“可恥的”；D選項(xiàng)promising“有前途的”。句意：這____的景象又一次讓我的眼睛里充滿了淚水，我的胸口因?yàn)檫@種悲傷的重量而感到疼痛。根據(jù)句意，這種景象讓人流淚，讓人悲傷而心痛，B選項(xiàng)pitiful“可憐的”最符合語境，原文pathetic“可憐的，悲哀的”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

19.單選題

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到意見指的是個(gè)人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到他們陳述的內(nèi)容是經(jīng)過深思熟慮得來的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到每個(gè)人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見。但是只有在不傷害他人的情況下，我們才可以自由地按照自己的意見行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每個(gè)人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見，但是并不是隨心所欲地發(fā)表，前提是不傷害別人，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Thetestimoniesofthewitnessesprovided______proofthatmyclientisinnocent;Idemandthathebereleasedatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invalid

B.incredulous

C.irrefragable

D.impotent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)invalid表示“（法律上或官方）不承認(rèn)的，無效的”，B項(xiàng)incredulous表示“懷疑的，不輕信的”，C項(xiàng)irrefragable表示“不能反駁的，不能否認(rèn)的”，D項(xiàng)impotent表示“無能為力的，不起作用的”。根據(jù)myclientisinnocent（我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的）可知，______proof表示“無可辯駁的證據(jù)”符合語境。句意：證人的證詞提供了無可辯駁的證據(jù)，證明我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的；我要求立即釋放他。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Inthepackedhall,thepeoplesittingclosetome（

）meintothecomerlittlebylittle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dragged

B.drew

C.frightened

D.wedged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。drag“拖拉；拖曳”；draw“畫；拉；吸引”；frighten“使驚嚇；嚇?！保粀edge“楔入；擠進(jìn)”。句意：在擁擠的大廳，緊挨著我坐的人逐漸將我擠進(jìn)了角落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Neverbefore（）asrapidly,asduringthelastthreedecades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.communicationshavedeveloped

B.havecommunicationsdeveloped

C.havedevelopedcommunications

D.developedcommunications

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：溝通交流從未像過去30年這樣發(fā)展迅速。否定詞never置于句首，句子后半部分需要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。因此，需要將“have”提前，即正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

23.翻譯題

SinceAlfredNobe