書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商洛職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.

問題1選項

A.fulfill

B.accomplish

C.implement

D.affect

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項fulfill“實現(xiàn)；滿足；使結束”；B選項accomplish“完成；實現(xiàn)；達到”；C選項implement“實施，執(zhí)行；實現(xiàn)，使生效”；D選項affect“影響”。句意：經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定，而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結合此處關鍵詞makedecision（做決定），得知C選項正確。

2.單選題

Ameteorburnsbrightly（）throughtheearth’satmosphere.

問題1選項

A.asitdescends

B.asdescending

C.whetheritdescends

D.whendescends

【答案】A

【解析】考查時間狀語從句。句意：流星在穿過地球大氣層時閃閃發(fā)光。whether引導賓語從句，表示“是否”，排除C。D選項缺少主語，排除D。as后面接動詞ing形式表示現(xiàn)在進行時，時態(tài)不符，排除B。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

問題1選項

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。后面的從句中缺少主謂，故C項符合題意。句意：太陽系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然衛(wèi)星，它們是那些圍繞行星旋轉的物體。

4.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespooks(間諜)callit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanStaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas______.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto______.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that______.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits______.

問題1選項

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

問題3選項

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

問題5選項

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“網(wǎng)絡的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)……”。第一段最后一句ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.（如今，網(wǎng)絡已經(jīng)改變了購書和寄信等日常娛樂活動，也正在重塑Donovan的情報員職業(yè)）可知，網(wǎng)絡的出現(xiàn)是改造了情報部門的工作。A項“得到了Donovan等粉絲的支持”，文中第一句WildbillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.（Donovan會愛上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的），這里用的虛擬語氣，且從后面的內(nèi)容也可以得知，在Donovan做情報員期間互聯(lián)網(wǎng)還沒有出現(xiàn)，所以A項錯誤；C項“恢復/還原許多普遍的消遣活動”，文中說的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹姆绞?，如買書、發(fā)郵件等，這里是改變而不是恢復，因此C項錯誤；D項“復興了間諜這個職業(yè)”，原文沒有提到間諜行業(yè)消失的信息，所以復興一詞不正確。該題B項“重塑了情報行業(yè)”正確。

2.【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“文中提到Donovan的故事是用來……”。A項“介紹網(wǎng)絡間諜的主題”，B項“展示他是如何為美國而戰(zhàn)”，C項“信息戰(zhàn)爭的一段插曲”，D項“向他對中情局的貢獻致敬”。文章開篇引用Donovan的例子來證明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展重塑了間諜行業(yè)，從而來引出接下來對間諜行業(yè)的論述，因此該題A項正確。

3.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第三段第一行makingthebiggestsplash這個短語的意思最有可能是……”。A項“制造最大的麻煩”，B項“盡最大的努力”，C項“取得最大的成功”，D項“有最廣泛的名氣”。第三段講的內(nèi)容是作為一家私人情報分析公司，Straitford通過將間諜活動的成果（覆蓋從智利到俄羅斯的國家）賣給其他公司來賺錢；它的許多預測都可以在網(wǎng)站上看到；由此可以推斷Straitford公司是這個間諜行業(yè)的佼佼者，因此A項和B項都不符合題意；另外，文中對Straitford公司的名氣并沒有特別提到，所以該題C項最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從第四段可以知道……”。第四段主要講的是Friedman將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為一個雙向的工具，既用來收集信息，又用來發(fā)布信息；A項“關于烏克蘭的語言被證實是真的”，文中只說了Straitford公司做出了關于烏克蘭局勢的預測，原文并沒有說明預言是否成真，所以A項錯誤；B項“Straitford公司保證信息的真實性”，第四段倒數(shù)第二句提到Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad（當然公開來源的間諜活動的確有它的風險，因為很難區(qū)分正確與錯誤的信息），最后一句提到這正是Straitford公司賺錢的原因，所以由此可以推斷出Straitford公司就是靠辨別真?zhèn)吻閳筚嶅X的，它能提供相當可靠的信息，但是沒有保證情報百分百的準確，B項太絕對；C項“Straitford公司商業(yè)的特點是不可預測性”在文中找不到依據(jù)；因此該題D項“Straitford公司能提供相當可靠的信息”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“Straitford公司對自己的什么最自豪？”。A項“官員地位”，B項“不墨守成規(guī)的形象”，C項“有效率的員工”，D項“軍事背景”。文章最后一句提到Friedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.（弗萊德曼說，Straitford公司為其獨立的聲音而感到自豪）可知，Straitford公司引以為豪的是其獨立的立場，A項沒有依據(jù)，C項和D項都不是Straitford公司引以為豪之處。因此B項最符合題意。

5.單選題

（）theadvancesofthescience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

問題1選項

A.Asfor

B.Despite

C.Except

D.Besides

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管科學在不斷發(fā)展，老年時期的不安感仍然未被消除。

考查介詞辨析。句子前半部分表示:科學在不斷發(fā)展，后半部分表示:老年時期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分為讓步關系，答案為B項。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

禮儀之于社會猶如衣著之于個人。人若不穿衣服，就會一絲不掛，令人恥笑，必然導致道德敗壞；社會耍是沒有禮儀，就會陷入可怕的境地，而社會成員之間所必需的交往就會被無謂的沖突和糾紛所干擾。假定社會是一列火車，禮儀就好比軌道，火車只能沿著它隆隆前進。假定社會是一輛貴賓車，禮儀就好比輪子與軸，馬車只有靠它們才能滾滾前進。缺了禮節(jié)，最親密的朋友會變成死敵，友好或結盟的國家會兵戎相見。我們可以從人類歷史上找到許多這種例子。因此我勸你對于任何人都要講禮儀，并且盡力不做違背禮儀的事，以免冒犯他人或者樹敵。

【答案】Etiquettetosocietyiswhatapparelistotheindividual.Withoutapparelmenwouldgoinshamefulnuditywhichwouldsurelyleadtothecorruptionofmorals;andwithoutetiquettesocietywouldbeinapitiablestateandthenecessaryintercoursebetweenitsmemberswouldbeinterferedwithbyneedlessoffencesandtroubles.Ifsocietywereatrain,theetiquettewouldbetherailsalongwhichonlythetraincouldrumbleforth;ifsocietywereastatecoach,theetiquettewouldbethewheelsandaxis,onwhichonlythecoachcouldrollforward.Thelackofproprietieswouldmakethemostintimatefriendsturntobethemostdecidedenemiesandthefriendlyoralliedcountriesdeclarewaragainsteachother.Wecanfindmanyexamplesinthehistoryofmankind.ThereforeIadviseyoutostandonceremonybeforeanyoneelseandtotakepainsnottodoanythingagainstetiquettelestyougiveoffencesormakeenemies.

7.單選題

Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmericanhomesandbusinesses.Peopledonotknowwhattodowitholdtelevisionsorcomputerssotheythrowtheminthetrash.

NationalSolidWastesManagementAssociationstateprogramsdirectorChazMillersaysthelargeamountofelectronicwasteAmericansgenerateisnotunexpected.“Wehavesomanyelectronicproductsthat“weuse”,saidMiller.“Theyarebeingfarmorewidelydistributedthroughoutthepopulationofthecountryandtheytendtohaverelativelyshortlifespans.Cellphonesthatlasttwoorthreeyears,computersthatlastmaybetwoorthreeyearsbeforetheygetreplaced.”

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.

Forexample,asquicklyasoldelectronicsarriveatarecyclingfacilityinBaltimore,Maryland,theyaretornapartandsortedforusableparts.PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.“Therearealotofvaluablemetalsthatcanberecoveredandreusedasopposedtojustputtingtheminthegarbagedump,andincertaincomponentstherearesomematerialsthatshouldnotreallybedumpedinthegarbagedump,Fannonexplained.Nearly20percentofelectronicwasteisrecyclednationwide.Goingback1.3years,itwasonlyaboutsixpercent.Recyclingratescontinuetoriseasmorecommunitieshavebannedelectronicsfromgarbagedumpsinanefforttokeepe-wastetoxins(毒素，毒質(zhì))，likeleadandmercuryoutofgarbagedumps.Manyplaceshavesetupfreedrop-offsiteswherepeoplecanbringolditemsforrecycling.FannonsayssomeitemslikeoldelectroniccircuitboardswillgetshippedtoCanada,while,otherpartswillbeshippedtocountriesinAsia.“Thesewillgooffactuallytoacoppersmelterwhereworkerswillrecovercopperwithinthecircuitboardaswellaspreciousmetalsthatareontheboard’’,addedFannon.“Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’’

ThisyearseveralstateslikeVermontimposedabanonelectronicwasteingarbagedumps.Morecanbedonetoboostelectronicwasterecycling.

WastemanagementanalystssayU.S.facilitiescansafelyrecycleitems.Environmentalistsmaintaintheycanreducetheamountofelectronicwasteingarbagedumpsnowbyraisingconsumerawarenessaboutthebestwaystorecyclee-waste.

1.WhyistheresomuchelectronicwasteinAmerica?

2.AccordingtoEPA,whathelpstoreducethedumpede-waste?

3.WhatistherightwaytorecycletheoldelectronicsaccordingtoFannon?

4.AccordingtoFannon,whatpreciousmetalcanpeoplegetfromusedcircuitboard?

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Becauseithasnovaluetoberecycled

B.BecauseAmericansdon'tknowhowtorecycleit.

C.BecauseAmericansloveelectronicitemsmorethanothersdo

D.Becauseelectronicitemsarewidelyusedandfallintodisuseeasily

問題2選項

A.Thebanofe-wastefromgarbagedumps

B.ArecyclingfacilityinBaltimore.

C.Theshipmentofe-wastetoothercountries.

D.Anadvancedtechnologytomakee-products

問題3選項

A.Dumpthemintothegarbagedump

B.Tearthemapartathomeforvaluablematerials.

C.Leavetheminfreedrop-offsitesforrecycling

D.Burythemundergrounddirectly

問題4選項

A.Iron

B.Mercury

C.Gold

D.Lead

問題5選項

A.Peopleshouldtrytouseaslesselectronicproductsaspossible

B.Peoplecandealwiththeelectronicwasteinasafeway

C.Thegovernmentcandonearlynothinginfrontoftheelectronicwaste

D.Peoplearehelplessinfrontofelectronicwaste

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人產(chǎn)生的大量電子垃圾并不出人意料。我們有很多電子產(chǎn)品在使用，它們在全國人口中分布得更為廣泛，而且電子產(chǎn)品的壽命往往相對較短。由此可推測，之所以有這么多電子垃圾，是因為電子產(chǎn)品被廣泛使用，而且容易廢棄。選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“EPA”定位到第三段“TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.美國環(huán)境保護局估計，美國每年有4億多件消費電子產(chǎn)品被傾倒，越來越多的州正在推動禁止傾倒垃圾，并建立回收項目。”由此可知，幫助減少電子垃圾傾倒是因為各州推行的禁止傾倒垃圾，選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.工廠經(jīng)理MikeFannon說，這里的電子垃圾被轉售給其他公司，進一步拆分出有價值的組件?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’‘很多材料上都鍍了金，以及銀。所以除了銅以外，所有這些貴重金屬都能被重新找到?！?。所以選項C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“廢物管理分析人士說，美國的設施可以安全地回收物品。環(huán)保人士堅持認為，通過提高消費者對電子垃圾回收的最佳方式的認識，可以減少垃圾填埋場中電子垃圾的數(shù)量?！庇纱丝梢酝茢?，人們可以用一種安全的方式處理電子垃圾。選項B符合原文。

8.單選題

Theboyseemedmore（）totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.

問題1選項

A.reconciled

B.consolidated

C.deteriorated

D.attributed

【答案】A

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

固定搭配。reconcileto甘心，接受；attributedto歸因于。consolidate和deteriorated為及物動詞。句意：在看到祖父母的生活后，這個男孩似乎更能接受他們的貧窮了。選項A符合句意。

9.填空題

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我們習慣于將技術與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒酉嘟Y合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有許多更激進的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進行創(chuàng)新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進選擇。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.這些創(chuàng)新都有一個共同的精神：在實踐中學習的精神，在小范圍內(nèi)測試想法，然后改進它們。

66.【考查點】上下文關聯(lián)和詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】文章開頭說到“歐洲的社會服務面臨著挑戰(zhàn)（faceachallengingtime）?！保挛姆謩e介紹了面臨的具體挑戰(zhàn)和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格處應該是對于這些挑戰(zhàn)和措施的總起句，同時D選項中的“continent（大陸）”與上文的“Europe（歐洲）”相對應。因此D選項“如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進選擇?！闭_。

67.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“第二個挑戰(zhàn)是致力于實驗（experimentation）?！保珺選項中的“byexperimenting（通過實驗）”和上文的“experimentation（實驗）”相對應。因此B選項“沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)?！闭_。

68.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要充分利用數(shù)字技術（digitaltechnology）?！保珹選項中的“technology（技術）”和上文的“數(shù)字技術（digitaltechnology）”相對應。因此A選項“我們習慣于將技術與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒酉嘟Y合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務?！闭_。

69.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)（data）。”，E選項中的“Data（數(shù)據(jù)）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)）”相對應。因此E選項“數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。”正確。

70.【考查點】上下文關聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文介紹的是歐洲的情況，本段以位于歐洲之外的印度為例進行論證，C選項中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有許多例子）”與下文的“India（印度）”相對應，起到了銜接作用。因此C選項“在世界各地，有許多更激進的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進行創(chuàng)新?！闭_。

10.單選題

Inthegloriouslyhotsummerofnineteenfourteen,themurderofAustria-HungarianArchdukeinanobscurepartoftheBalkansprovidedthesparkwhichsetEuropeablaze.

問題1選項

A.indistinct

B.unfriendly

C.imprecise

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項indistinct“模糊的，不清楚的”；B選項unfriendly“不友好的；不利的”；C選項imprecise“不精確的；不嚴密的”；D選項unknown“無名的；陌生的”。句意：在1914年那個炎熱的夏天，在巴爾干半島一個……的地方發(fā)生的奧匈帝國大公被殺事件點燃了歐洲的戰(zhàn)火。obscure是用來形容一個大塊區(qū)域的某個小地方。A，C選項一般用來形容事物，B選項一般用來形容人。因此D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Manypeopletakeforgrantedthatallartshouldbebeautiful.Wemayaswellfacethequestionsquarelysinceitisbasictoourwholeattitudetowardart.Whyaretheresomany“ugly”worksofart?Thereareseveralpossibleanswers.Wemightreplythat“beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”.Inotherwords,beautysubjective,andyourpersonaltasteleadsyoutorejectthingsthatmightbebeautifultoothers.Both“beautiful”and“ugly”implyaestheticvaluejudgments.

Thispossibilitydependsontheassumptionthattheartist’sproperaimisthecreationofbeauty.Butthereisanotherpossibility.Perhapstheworksaresuccessesbyartistswhoweresincerelyaimingatsomethingotherthanconventional,physicalbeauty.Wouldanartistintentionallymakesomethingugly?Andwhat,actually,dowemeanbythewords“ugly”and“beautiful”?

Overthecenturiesnumerouswritershavegrappledwiththeconceptofbeautyandtriedtounderstandit.Oneofthemostentertainingwasthe18th-centuryBritishstatesmanEdmundBurke,whowroteanessaycalled“TheSublimeandtheBeautiful”.IntheessayBurkedefinedbeautyasapositiveandstrikingqualitythatproducespleasurebybeingsmall,smooth,graduallyorgentlyvaried,delicate,softlyandvariablecolored.Itissubmissiveandmayarouselove.Beautyisnotrelatedtoproportion,saidBurke,nottofunctionalfitness,noreventoperfection.Allthesethingsarefoundapartfrombeauty.

Thesublime,bycontrast,isvasteventoinfinity,difficult,magnificent,darkandrugged.AccordingtoBurke,itwill“fillthemindwiththatsortofdelightfulhorror,whichisthemostgenuineeffectandearliesttestofthesublime”.Athingmaybeuglyandyetsublimeifitis“unitedwithsuchqualitiesasexciteastrongterror”.Burkemadeitclearthatgreatnessliesonthesideofsublime,notofthebeautiful.

Thisisquiteausefulidea.Let’skeepitinmindwhilewelookatIvanAlbright’spaintingIda.Albright’sworkisnotsmooth,delicate,orsoft,anditisnotlikelytoarouselove.Formostpeople,though,itwouldevokedelightfulhorror.Whatistheartistaimingat?Acommonreactionistosaythattheartistisshowingusapersonwhoisphysicallyandmentally—evenspiritually-exhausted.Accordingtothisinterpretation,Albrightteachesusaboutspiritualdecay.Everybulge,everywrinkle,everywartstandsforanastyblowthat.

1.Wecanseefromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightBurkehaveagreewith?

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbesaidofAlbright’spainting?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

5.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto().

問題1選項

A.beautyanduglinessaretwoconceptsembodiedindifferentforms

B.neitherbeautynoruglinesscanbedefinitelydefined

C.beautyanduglinessareoppositeartisticexpressions

D.beautyissubjectivewhileuglinessisobjective

問題2選項

A.Thesublimemightnotbebeautifulbutthebeautifulmustbethesublime.

B.Delightfulhorrorderivesfromthesublime.

C.Thebeautifulisofapositivequalitywhilethesublimeisofanegativeone.

D.Theuglymaynotnecessarilybethesublime.

問題3選項

A.Itdestroyspeople’shopesinlife.

B.Itisinmostviewers’eyes,abeautifulpieceofart.

C.ItpresentssomethingsublimeinBurke’sview.

D.Itdefinesanyinterpretation.

問題4選項

A.theauthorisastrongsupporterofBurke’saesthetictheory

B.theauthorisworriedaboutthesomanyuglyworksofartproducedtoday

C.Albright’spaintinghasarousedcontroversy

D.beautydoesn’tlieinworksofartthemselves

問題5選項

A.differentiatethebeautifulandtheugly

B.describetousAlbright’spainting.

C.introducetousBurke’saesthetictheory

D.teachustherightwaytoevaluateworksofart

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認為美是主觀的,“美”與“丑”都蘊涵著審美價值判斷。這可能取決于藝術家旨在創(chuàng)造美或者追求的不是傳統(tǒng)的外在美。所以可以推斷,美和丑沒有絕對的定義,選項B正確。

2.根據(jù)關鍵詞Burke定位到第三段和第四段,Burke認為美麗是積極的,而崇高是廣闊的甚至是黑暗的。崇高可以使人充滿愉悅的恐懼感,所以選項B正確。美麗是積極的,但不代表崇高就是消極的,因為偉大在于崇高,而非美麗。所以選項C錯誤；

3.根據(jù)關鍵詞Albright定位到最后一段,“Albright’sworkisnotsmooth,delicate,orsoft,anditisnotlikelytoarouselove.Formostpeople,though,itwouldevokedelightfulhorror.”奧爾布賴特的作品既不流暢,也不細膩,也不柔軟,不太可能引起愛。然而,對大多數(shù)人來說,它會引起愉快的恐懼。上文提到的令人產(chǎn)生愉快的恐懼的指的是崇高,所以選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)原文,作者首先提出“美”與“丑”都蘊涵著審美價值判斷,然后用Burke的言論和Albright的畫講述了崇高和美麗之間的關系,說明作者認為美不在于藝術品本身,而在于藝術家想要表達或傳遞的情感。所以選項D正確。

5.作者寫這篇文章的目的在于教我們正確評價藝術作品的方法。選項D符合原文。

12.單選題

Thoughsometimes（）alltoooftentechnologyisseenasapanaceaforthegreateconomic,social,andpoliticalchallengesfacingthenationasitembarksonthepathofmodernization.

問題1選項

A.expensive

B.effective

C.ignored

D.calamitous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：盡管技術有時（），但常常被視為應對高速經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化道路中面臨

的政治挑戰(zhàn)的靈丹妙藥。expensive昂貴的；effective有效的；ignored被忽視的；calamitous災難的。因此，C項符合句意。

13.單選題

Notonly（

）todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

問題1選項

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結構，即將系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前，放在主語前。

句意：地震學不僅用來確定海底的深度，而且還被用來定位石油。

14.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能壓制的”；B選項的irremissible“不可寬恕的，無法逃避的”;C選項的irreplaceable“不能調(diào)換的”；D選項的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能復原的”。根據(jù)句意‘比賽還有五分鐘結束，我們落后四分，所以這場比賽看上去完全無法挽回’確定D選項正確。

15.單選題

AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircell-phonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.“Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents,”saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.

Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.

“Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad.”saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽竊)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.

Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand.“Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey’regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey’rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,”saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed“sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn’tdo.”

Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.

1.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating（）.

2.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents（）.

3.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto（）.

4.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythemostsignificantmeasuretofightcheating?

問題1選項

A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildevicet

B.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatest

C.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemt

D.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthorityt

問題2選項

A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyt

B.didn’thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamt

C.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenought

D.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystemt

問題3選項

A.usemanyhigh-techdevicest

B.cutoffInternetaccessoncampust

C.turntotheoralexaminationformst

D.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevicest

問題4選項

A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingt

B.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingt

C.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationst

D.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherp